Шахсевендер

Шахсевендер
Бүкіл халықтың саны

85 000

Ең көп таралған аймақтар

 Иран  Әзербайжан

Тілдері

Әзербайжан тілі

Діні

суннизм

ШахсевендерИранның солтүстік-батысындағы және Әзірбайжанның оңтүстік шығысындаығ түркі халықтары. Жалпы санв 85 мың адам.(2017).[1] Олар Ардебил және Мешкин шахсевендері болып бөлінеді. Әзірбайжандарға жақын, кейде олардың субэтникалық тобы болып саналады.

Тілі

Әзербайжан тілінің шығыс (мұған) диалектілерінде сөйлейді.[2]

Діні

Дінге сенушілері - сүнниттік мұсылмандар.

Тарихы

Бұл топтың құрылуы 16 ғасырда, шах Аббас I Қызылбастар көсемдері тайпасының ықпалын әлсірету мақсатында Қызылбас тайпалық бірлестігінің мүшелерінен арнайы жасақ құра бастады, жасақ Шахсевендер деп аталды. Аббас I тұсында Шахсевендерге Ардебил мен Мұған, Сава, Казвин аймақтарында үлкен жер иеліктері берілді. 19 ғасырдың аяғында Шахсевеннің көпшілігі отырықшы өмірге көшті. 1905-11 жылдардағы Иран революциясы жылдарында шахсевендердің басшылары монархия жағында болды. 20-30 жылдары Реза шах Пехлевидің елді орталықтандыру саясаты кезінде шахсевендер қарусыздандырылды. 1945-46 жылдардағы ұлттық-демократиялық қозғалыс кезеңінде Иранның солтүстік-батысында шахсевендердің жетекшілері реакцияны қолдады.[3][4]

Кәсібі

Дәстүрлі кәсібі – көшпелі мал шаруашылығы (қой, ірі қара, түйе және жылқы). 19 ғасырдың аяғынан бастап отырықшы егіншілікке көшті.[5]

Өмір салты

Олар тайпалық жіктелуді, исламға дейінгі кейбір әдет-ғұрыптарды (соның ішінде жерлеу рәсімдерін) сақтаған.

Дәстүрлі тұрғын үйлері – шатырлар, лашықтар.

Ерлер киімі – ақ немесе көк көйлек, қоңыр мата шалбар, ұзын қынама бел шапан, қозы терісінен бас киім. Қыста жеңі ұзын қой терісін киеді. Әйелдер киімі – көк көйлек, шаровар, жамылғы, жүннен тоқылған шұлықтар, алтын-күміс әшекейлер.

Тағамдары – палау, бұқтырылған ет, қой еті, сүт өнімдері.[5]

Дереккөздер

  1. Большая российская энциклопедия https://bigenc.ru/ethnology/text/4691531 Мұрағатталған 15 қаңтардың 2023 жылы.
  2. Шахсевены https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ruwiki/478518
  3. Советская историческая энциклопедия - шахсевены http://www.terminy.info/history/soviet-historical-encyclopedia/shahseveny
  4. Советская историческая энциклопедия https://gufo.me/dict/history_encyclopedia/%D0%A8%D0%90%D0%A5%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%92%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%AB
  5. a b народы мира / Шахсевены http://www.etnolog.ru/people.php?id=SHAH

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