Pekasam

Pakasam yang sudah digoreng

Pekasam[1] (disebut pula bekasam atau pakasam) adalah menu masakan khas dari masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Barat, dan Sumatera Selatan. Makanan ini adalah produk bahan makanan yang berasal dari fermentasi ikan air tawar yang rasanya asam. Pakasam terutama dikenal di Kalimantan Selatan. Bahan makanan ini biasanya dibumbui lagi dengan cabai dan gula, sebelum disajikan sebagai lauk-pauk.

Di beberapa daerah, ada yang menyebutnya pakasam atau iwak samu. Pekasam terkenal pula sebagai masakan khas di Hulu Sungai Tengah (HST). Sentral pembuatan pekasam yang terkenal ada di Desa Mahang Sungai Hanyar, Kecamatan Pandawan. Oleh karena itu, pekasam dari HST sering pula disebut "pakasam mahang", merujuk pada nama daerah penghasilnya.

Pekasam berbahan dasar ikan yang diasinkan melalui proses fermentasi dengan garam. Ikan yang diperam, dicampur dengan taburan beras ketan yang telah digoreng. Ikan yang akan dijadikan pekasam bisa jenis apa saja. Namun yang paling diminati adalah pekasam anakan ikan dan pekasam papuyu (ikan betok).[2]

Salah satu jenis ikan yang biasa dibuat pekasam adalah ikan sepat rawa.[3]

Metode pembuatan

Pekasam dihasilkan melalui proses fermentasi oleh bakteri asam laktat. Sebelumnya, ikan segar bahan pekasam dibersihkan sisik dan isi perutnya, kemudian direndam terlebih dulu dalam larutan garam 15% selama dua hari (48 jam), tanpa boleh kena udara terbuka. Setelah dicuci dan ditiriskan, ikan bergaram ini dibubuhi sumber bakteri asam laktat (biasanya menggunakan sayur asin) dan sumber karbohidrat tambahan (misalnya nasi atau tape). Kemudian disimpan di dalam wadah yang tertutup rapat selama sekurang-kurangnya sepekan, agar berfermentasi.[3]

Referensi

  1. ^ "Pekasam". kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id. Diakses tanggal 5 Januari 2023. 
  2. ^ "Pemerintah Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah". www.hulusungaitengahkab.go.id. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-05. 
  3. ^ a b Murtini JT, Yuliana E, Nurjanah, Nasran S. (1997). "Pengaruh penambahan starter bakteri asam laktat pada pembuatan bekasam ikan sepat (Trichogaster trichopterus) terhadap mutu dan daya awetnya". Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia III(2): 71-82.

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