Junkers Ju 88

Ju 88
Bombardeiro
Junkers Ju 88
Descrição
Tipo / Missão Bombardeiro estratégico / de mergulho / torpedeiro / bombardeiro noturno / Caça pesado / aeronave de reconhecimento
País de origem  Alemanha
Fabricante Junkers
Período de produção 1936-?
Quantidade produzida 15 183[nota 1]
Primeiro voo em 21 de dezembro de 1936 (87 anos)
Introduzido em 1939
Aposentado em 1951 (França)
Variantes Junkers Ju 188
Tripulação 3-4
Notas
Dados e fontes: Ver seção "Especificações"

O Junkers Ju 88 foi um bombardeiro médio bimotor alemão, utilizado pela Luftwaffe durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial em numerosas tarefas.

Desenvolvimento

Desenhado pela companhia de Hugo Junkers em meados da década de 1930, sofreu uma série de problemas técnicos durante as últimas fases do seu desenvolvimento e no início da sua utilização operacional, mas tornou-se num dos mais versáteis aviões de combate da guerra. Conhecido afectuosamente pelos seus tripulantes como "A criada de todos os trabalhos" (uma versão feminina de "O homem dos 7 ofícios"), o Ju 88 provou ser apropriado para quase todas as tarefas, tendo sido usado com sucesso como bombardeiro convencional, bombardeiro de mergulho, caça nocturno, torpedeiro, avião de reconhecimento, caça pesado, e até como uma bomba voadora (o Mistel), usada durante as últimas fases do conflito.[1]

Junkers Ju 88 (1940).

Apesar do seu desenvolvimento prolongado, a aeronave tornou-se num dos activos mais importantes da Luftwaffe. A linha de montagem do Ju 88 funcionou continuamente entre 1936 e 1945, tendo sido produzidos mais de 16 000 Ju 88 em dezenas de variantes,[2] mais do que qualquer outro avião bimotor alemão da época. Durante a produção, a base estrutural do avião permaneceu inalterada, prova da excelente qualidade do desenho original.[2]

Especificações

Junkers Ju 88 A-4

Ju 88 A-4

Junkers Ju 88 preparando-se para a descolagem, Tunísia, ca. 1942-43
Características gerais
  • Tripulação: 4 - piloto, bombardeador/artilheiro frontal, operador de rádio/artilheiro traseiro, navegador/artilheiro ventral
  • Comprimento: 14,36 m (47,1 ft)
  • Envergadura: 20,08 m (65,9 ft)
  • Altura: 5,07 m (16,6 ft)
  • Área alar: 54,7  (589 ft²)
  • Peso carregado: 8 550 kg (18 800 lb)
  • Peso na decolagem: 14 000 kg (30 900 lb)[nota 2]
  • Motorização: 2 x motores a pistão de doze cilindros invertido refrigerado a liquido Junkers Jumo 211J[nota 3] de 1 401 hp (1 040 kW)
Performance
  • Velocidade máx.: 510 km/h (275 kn)[nota 2] à 5 300 m (17 400 ft) de altitude sem os racks externos de de bombas ou 433 km/h (234 kn) à 4 500 m (14 800 ft) de altitude com 14 000 kg (30 900 lb) de carga
  • Alcance: 2 430 km (1 510 mi) com combustível interno máximo[nota 2]
  • Teto de serviço: 9 000 m (29 500 ft) com peso médio sem bombas
  • Razão de subida: 235 m/min
Armamentos
  • Metralhadoras: 4 x metralhadoras MG 81J de 7,92 mm (0,312 in)[nota 4]
    1 x metralhadora MG 81Z de 7,92 mm (0,312 in)[nota 2][nota 4]
  • Bombas: 1 400 kg (3 090 lb) de bombas nas baias internas e mais 500 kg (1 100 lb) ou 3 000 kg (6 610 lb) de bombas externas

Ju 88 G-1

Dados de: Fighters and Bombers of World War II[nota 5]

Características gerais
  • Tripulação: 3
  • Comprimento: 15,50 m (50,9 ft)
  • Envergadura: 20,08 m (65,9 ft)
  • Altura: 5,07 m (16,6 ft)
  • Peso vazio: 9 081 kg (20 000 lb)[nota 6]
  • Peso carregado: 13 100 kg (28 900 lb)
  • Peso na decolagem: 14 690 kg (32 400 lb)[nota 6]
  • Motorização: 2 x motores a pistão BMW 801G-2 1 677 hp (1 250 kW)
Performance
  • Velocidade máx.: 550 km/h (297 kn) à 8 500 m (27 900 ft) de altura
  • Alcance: 2 500 km (1 550 mi)
  • Teto de serviço: 9 900 m (32 500 ft)
  • Carga alar: 240 kg/m²
  • Força/massa: 0.18 kW/kg
  • Autonomia: 4 horas[nota 6]
Armamentos
  • Canhões: 4 x canhões MG 151/20 de 20 mm (0,787 in) de tiro frontal
  • Metralhadoras: 1 ou 2 metralhadoras MG 131 de 13 mm (0,512 in) de tiro traseiro

Ju 88 P-3

Dados de: War Machine[3]

Características gerais
  • Tripulação: 3
  • Comprimento: 14,85 m (48,7 ft)
  • Envergadura: 20 m (65,6 ft)
  • Altura: 4,85 m (15,9 ft)
  • Peso vazio: 11 080 kg (24 400 lb)
  • Peso na decolagem: 12 670 kg (27 900 lb)
  • Motorização: 2 x motores a pistão de doze cilindros em "V" invertidos Jumo 211J-2 1 400 hp (1 040 kW)
Performance
  • Velocidade máx.: 360 km/h (194 kn) à 1 600 m (5 250 ft) de altura
  • Alcance: 1 580 km (982 mi)
  • Teto de serviço: 5 500 m (18 000 ft)
Armamentos
  • Canhões: 2 x canhões de tiro frontal Bordkanone BK 3,7 de 37 mm (1,46 in) de tiro frontal
  • Metralhadoras: Até 6 x metralhadoras de 7,92 mm (0,312 in)

Ver também

Desenvolvimento relacionado
Aeronave de comparável missão, configuração e era
Outros

Notas

  1. Kay 2004, p. 161.
  2. a b c d Nowarra 1987, p. 87.
  3. Manfred and Griehl 1994, p. 77.
  4. a b Griehl 2004, p. 51.
  5. Munson 1983, p. 78.
  6. a b c Donald 1994, p. 179.

Bibliografia

  • Kay, Antony L. Junkers Aircraft and Engines: 1913-1945 (Putnam Aviation). Annapolis, Maryland: U.S. Naval Institute, 2004. ISBN 978-0-85177-985-0.
  • Dressel, Joachim and Manfred Griehl. Bombers of the Luftwaffe. London: Arms and Armour (DAG Publications), 1994. ISBN 1-85409-140-9.
  • Nowarra, Heinz J. Die Ju 88 und ihre Folgemuster. Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. 1987. ISBN 3-87943-579-0.
  • Griehl, Manfred. Das geheime Typenhandbuch der deutschen Luftwaffe. Wölfersheim-Berstadt, Germany: Podzun-Pallas Verlag, 2004. ISBN 3-7909-0775-8.
  • Munson, Kenneth. Fighters and Bombers of World War II. London: Peerage Books. 1983. ISBN 0-907408-37-0.
  • Donald, David (editor). Warplanes of the Luftwaffe. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1994. ISBN 1-874023-56-5.

Referências

  1. Taylor, John W.R. "Junkers Ju 88." Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. pp. 178. ISBN 0-425-03633-2
  2. a b Angelucci, Enzo and Paolo Matricardi. World Aircraft: World War II, Volume I (Sampson Low Guides). Maidenhead, UK: Sampson Low, 1978. pp. 118-9. ISBN 978-0528881701
  3. War Machine, Aerospace Publishing, 1983, p. 2374 (from the Italian version, De Agostini, Novara, 1986).

Ligações externas

Outros projetos Wikimedia também contêm material sobre este tema:
Commons Imagens e media no Commons
Commons Categoria no Commons
Ícone de esboço Este artigo sobre uma aeronave é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o.

Read other articles:

American rabbi RabbiLeonard BeermanLeonard Beerman (right) in 1973TitleFounding Rabbi of Leo Baeck Temple (Los Angeles, California)PersonalBornLeonard Irving BeermanApril 9, 1921Altoona, PennsylvaniaDiedDecember 24, 2014 (age 93)Los Angeles, CaliforniaReligionJudaismNationalityAmericanSpouseMartha Fechheimer Beerman 1945-1986 (her death)Joan Willens Beerman 1988-2014 (his death)ChildrenJudith, Eve, Elizabeth, Elara, Scott (2 stepchildren), 6 grandchildrenParent(s)Paul (deceased) and Tillie Gr...

 

American politician (1892–1985) Senator Bowring redirects here. For her husband, who served in the Nebraska State Senate, see Arthur Bowring. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Eva BowringUnited States Senatorfrom NebraskaIn officeApril 16, 1954 – November 7, 1954Appoint...

 

First Swedish alphabet book This article contains runic characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of runes. A page from the 1611 edition. The Runa ABC of Johannes Bureus was the first Swedish alphabet book and its purpose was to teach the runic alphabet in 17th century Sweden. The runology pioneer Johannes Bureus was a religious Christian, but he also thought that the Christian influence had replaced the runic alphabet with t...

Друга карабаська війна Карабаський конфлікт Дата: 27 вересня 2020 — 10 листопада 2020 Місце: Нагірний Карабах Результат: Перемога Азербайджану Територіальні зміни: північ: МО АР звільнила ряд стратегічних висот і населених пунктівпівдень: МО АР звільнила територію, прилег...

 

متحف آثار الإسماعيليةمعلومات عامةنوع المبنى متحف المنطقة الإدارية محافظة الإسماعيلية البلد  مصر معلومات أخرىالإحداثيات 30°35′35″N 32°17′01″E / 30.592987°N 32.283642°E / 30.592987; 32.283642 تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات متحف آثار الإسماعيلية هو متحف بمدينة الإسماعيلية ...

 

Elizabeth Coleman WhiteLahir5 Oktober 1871New Lisbon, New JerseyMeninggal11 November 1954(1954-11-11) (umur 83)Whitesbog, New JerseyOrang tuaMary FenwickJoseph Josiah WhiteKerabatBarclay White, kakek Elizabeth Coleman White (1871-1954) adalah ahli tumbuhan asal New Jersey yang pertama kali membudidayakan dan mengkomersialkan bluberi bersama ahli botani Frederick Vernon Coville.[1] White membantu Coville yang melakukan studi tentang propagasi kranberi. Ayah White adalah pengelola ...

2015 album by Seventeen Boys BeEP by SeventeenReleasedSeptember 10, 2015 (2015-09-10)GenreK-popdance-pophip hopLength15:51LanguageKoreanLabelPledisLOENSeventeen chronology 17 Carat(2015) Boys Be(2015) Love & Letter(2016) Singles from Boys Be MansaeReleased: September 10, 2015 Boys Be is the second extended play from South Korean boy band Seventeen. It was released on September 10, 2015, by Pledis Entertainment. The album consists of five tracks, including the title trac...

 

Siemens VelaroVelaro Class 406 di DüsseldorfPembuatSiemens MobilityJumlah sudah diproduksiVelaro D: 17 dipesanVelaro E: 26Velaro RUS: 16 + 13 dipesanCRH3C/CRH380B: 80 + 180 dipesanVelaro e320: 17 (Prancis, Belgia, Belanda, Britania Raya)Velaro TR: 19 (Turki, Azerbaijan)Operator DB RENFE China Railway Russian Railways EurostarData teknisPanjang rangkaian200 m per 8 gerbong dengan 536 kursi200 m per 8 gerbong dengan 601 kursi (Velaro CN)250 m per 10 gerbong dengan 604 kursi (Velaro RUS)200 m p...

 

Masjid Raya AndalasMasjid Raya AndalasAgamaKepemilikanWakafLokasiLokasiJalan Andaleh Nomor 56, Kelurahan Andaleh, Kecamatan Padang Timur, Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat, IndonesiaKoordinat0°56′36″S 100°22′56″E / 0.94333°S 100.38222°E / -0.94333; 100.38222Koordinat: 0°56′36″S 100°22′56″E / 0.94333°S 100.38222°E / -0.94333; 100.38222ArsitekturJenisMasjidPeletakan batu pertama1889SpesifikasiArah fasadTenggara dan barat daya[...

Region of California, United States For the California wine region, see North Coast AVA. Region in California, United StatesNorth CoastRegionCoast Redwood forest in Redwood National ParkLocation of the North Coast in California(The lighter shaded area includes Bay Area counties that are included in some definitions)CountryUnited StatesStateCaliforniaArea • Land10,176.86 sq mi (26,357.9 km2)Population (April 1, 2010)[1] • Total987,361 ...

 

Basketball team Washington Huskies men's basketball 2023–24 Washington Huskies men's basketball team UniversityUniversity of WashingtonFirst season1896All-time record1,850–1,255 (.596)Athletic directorTroy DannenHead coachMike Hopkins (7th season)ConferencePac-12 ConferenceLocationSeattle, WashingtonArenaHec Edmundson Pavilion (Capacity: 10,000)NicknameHuskiesStudent sectionDawg PackColorsPurple and gold[1]   Uniforms Home Away Alternate NCAA tournament Fi...

 

Place in SingaporeRaffles PlaceName transcription(s) • Chinese莱佛士坊 • PinyinLáifóshì Fāng • MalayPesara Raffles • Tamilராஃபிள்ஸ் பிளேஸ்Raffles PlaceLocation of Raffles Place within SingaporeCoordinates: 1°17′03.94″N 103°51′04″E / 1.2844278°N 103.85111°E / 1.2844278; 103.85111 1°17′02″N 103°51′05″E / 1.28389°N 103.85139°E / 1.2838...

Hospital in Selangor, MalaysiaAssunta HospitalGeographyLocationPetaling Jaya, Petaling District, Selangor, MalaysiaOrganisationCare systemPrivate, not-for-profitServicesEmergency department24 HoursBeds245[1]HistoryOpened1954[2]LinksWebsitewww.assunta.com.my Assunta Hospital (Chinese: 亞松大医院; Malay: Hospital Assunta) is a first private hospital in Petaling Jaya, Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia. Assunta Hospital was founded by a group of missionaries from the Fran...

 

2008 video gameTV Show KingWiiWare coverDeveloper(s)Gameloft MontrealPublisher(s)GameloftPlatform(s)Wii (WiiWare), iOS, PlayStation 3 (PlayStation Network)ReleaseWiiWareTV Show KingNA: May 12, 2008PAL: May 20, 2008[1]JP: June 10, 2008[2]TV Show King 2NA: December 21, 2009EU: December 25, 2009iOSNovember 3, 2008PlayStation StoreAugust 6, 2009Genre(s)QuizMode(s)Single player, multiplayer TV Show King is a quiz video game developed by Gameloft Montreal and published by Gameloft. ...

 

Wasserstraßen- und Schifffahrtsamt Kiel-Holtenau(WSA Kiel-Holtenau) Staatliche Ebene Bund Stellung Unterbehörde Gründung 1949 Auflösung 22. März 2021 Nachfolger Wasserstraßen- und Schifffahrtsamt Nord-Ostsee-Kanal Hauptsitz Kiel-Holtenau Wasserstraßen- und Schifffahrtsamt Kiel-Holtenau (2017) Das Wasserstraßen- und Schifffahrtsamt Kiel-Holtenau (WSA Kiel-Holtenau) war ein Wasserstraßen- und Schifffahrtsamt in Deutschland. Es gehörte zum Dienstbereich der Generaldirektion Wasserstra...

Not to be confused with The Monster (song) by the rapper Eminem, featuring the singer Rihanna. 2008 single by PsappThe Monster SongCover art by Galia DurantSingle by Psappfrom the album The Camel's Back ReleasedNovember 3, 2008Recorded2008GenreElectronicaLength6:38LabelDomino Records (1993)Songwriter(s)Carim Clasmann and Galia DurantProducer(s)Carim ClasmannGalia DurantPsapp singles chronology The Camel's Back (2008) The Monster Song (2008) I Want That (2009) The Monster Song is the first sin...

 

TransamericaPoster rilis teatrikalSutradara Duncan Tucker Produser Rene Bastian Sebastian Dungan Linda Morgan Ditulis oleh Duncan Tucker Pemeran Felicity Huffman Kevin Zegers Graham Greene Fionnula Flanagan Burt Young Carrie Preston Elizabeth Peña Penata musikDavid MansfieldSinematograferStephen KazmierskiPenyuntingPam WisePerusahaanproduksiBelladonna ProductionsDistributor The Weinstein Company IFC Films Tanggal rilis 14 Februari 2005 (2005-02-14) (Berlinale) 02 Desember 2005...

 

Mind game Finchley Central tube station on the Northern line Finchley Central is a mind game in which two players take turns naming stations in the London Underground. The first person to name Finchley Central is the winner. Of course, the first player could say Finchley Central straight away, but as mathematics professor Jonathan Partington notes, An opening move of Finchley Central is too much of a cheat, and you might wish to start with, say, Liverpool Street, when, assuming that your oppo...

Austrian territory (1714–1797) Austrian NetherlandsÖsterreichische Niederlande (German)Pays-Bas Autrichiens (French)Oostenrijkse Nederlanden (Dutch)Belgium Austriacum (Latin)1714–1797 Flag Coat of arms The Austrian Netherlands in 1789   Austrian Netherlands   Habsburg monarchy StatusProvince of AustriaState of the Holy Roman EmpireCapitalBrusselsCommon languagesGerman, French, Dutch, LatinReligion Roman CatholicGovernmentGovernorateGovernor...

 

Statue serving as a monument Battle of Fallen Timbers Monument41°32′35.8″N 83°41′47.4″W / 41.543278°N 83.696500°W / 41.543278; -83.696500LocationFallen Timbers BattlefieldDesignerBruce SavilleMaterialBronzeDedicated date1929Websitehttps://www.nps.gov/fati/index.htm The Battle of Fallen Timbers Monument or Anthony Wayne Memorial is a statuary group created by Bruce Saville.[1] It was dedicated in 1929 at the site of the Battle of Fallen Timbers ...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!