Dhamma-vicsaja

A dhamma-vicsaja (páli; szanszkrit: dharma-) a buddhizmusban valóság-vizsgálatot, tudatosítást, megkülönböztető belátást vagy valóság-tanulmányozást jelent. Közbeiktatott fogalom nélküli megértés, amely saját megfigyelésen alapul. A páli kánon részét képező Szutta-pitakában a dhamma-vicsaja a második a hét megvilágosodási tényező (szatta boddzshangá) közül.

Története

A dhamma-vacsaja a hét megvilágosodási tényező közül a második. Megelőzi a sorban a tudatosság (szati), majd utána jön az energia (vírja), a megszakítás (píti), a nyugalom (passzaddhi), a koncentráció (szamádhi) és az egykedvűség (upekkhá).[1] A Szamjutta-nikája szerint ez a tényezőt úgy lehet kifejleszteni, hogy folyamatosan megfigyeljük a következő állapotokat (dhammá): üdvös és ártó (kuszalá-akuszalá); szégyenletes és szégyen nélküli (szávaddzsá-anavaddzsá); felsőbb és alantasabb (hína-panítá); és gonosz és jó (kanha-szukka).[2] Egy a nikajákban szereplő magyarázat szerint ezt a tényezőt felébreszti "ennek a dhammának a megkülönböztetéséből fakadó bölcsesség" (taṃ dhammam pannāja pavicsináti).[3]

Az Abhidhamma (Dhamma-szanganí) az üdvös állapotok felsorolásával még erőteljesebben azonosítja a dhamma-vicsaját a panna-val (bölcsesség). A későbbi Abhidhamma szövegekben és a poszt-kanonikus irodalmakban a dhamma-vicsaja már a dhamma tanulmányozására utal, mint az abszolút valóságot jelentő fizikai vagy mentális jelenségek összességére.[4]

Kapcsolódó szócikkek

Források

  1. See, e.g., Majjhima Nikaya 118 (Thánisszaró, 2006).
  2. SN 46.2 (Bodhi, 2000, p. 1569) and 46.51 (Bodhi, 2000, p. 1598). Egy ehhez kapcsolódó megjegyzés, Bodhi (2000, pp. 1900–1, n. 59) hozzáfűzés:
    Egy kiterjesztett példa a jó és rossz között ellentétre megtalálható a MN 8-ban, amelyben a Buddha felsorolja a 44 üdvös és ártó ellentét párt. Ennek a megvilágosító tényező azt sugallja, hogy amíg az 'állapotok megkülönböztetése' esetleg azonosítható a panna-val [például a SN 54.13 (lásd alul) vagy a Dhamma-szanganí-ban, a panna elsődleges szerepe nem a létezés három jellemzőjét hivatott megfigyelni, hanem egyszerűen különbséget tenni jó és rossz tudatállapotok között.
  3. SN 54.13 (Bodhi, 2000, pp. 1782-3; Gethin, 1992, p. 147). Gethin (1992, p. 147)
  4. For instance, Williams (2007, p. 43) writes: "So, in the non-Mahayana Abhidharmakośa Bhásja prajñā is given simply as the discernment of dharmas (dharmapravicayan), those ultimates which mark the terminating point of Abhidharma analysis."

Jegyzetek

  • Bhikkhu Bodhi (ford.) (2000). The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya. Boston: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-331-1.
  • Rupert Gethin (1992). The Buddhist Path to Awakening: A Study of the Bodhi-Pakkhiyā Dhammā. Leiden: E.J. Brill. ISBN 90-04-09442-3.
  • C.A.F. Rhys Davids ([1900], 2003). Buddhist Manual of Psychological Ethics, of the Fourth Century B.C., Being a Translation, now made for the First Time, from the Original Pāli, of the First Book of the Abhidhamma-Piṭaka, entitled Dhamma-Saṅgani (Compendium of States or Phenomena). Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 0-7661-4702-9.
  • T.W. Rhys Davids & William Stede (szerk.) (1921-5). The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary. Chipstead: Pali Text Society.
  • Thánisszaró Bhikkhu (ford.) (1995). Ananda Sutta: To Ananda (On Mindfulness of Breathing) (SN 54.13).
  • Thánisszaró Bhikkhu (1996, 1998). Wings to Awakening.
  • Thánisszaró Bhikkhu (ford.) (2006). Anapanasati Sutta: Mindfulness of Breathing (Maddzshima-nikája 118).
  • Williams, Paul (1989; újra nyomv: 2007). Mahayana Buddhism. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-02537-9.

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