Kelenderis

Kentteki sur kalıntıları.
Silifke Müzesi'nde sergilenen buluntular.

Kelenderis (Yunanca: Κελενδερίς, Latince: Celenderis), günümüzde Mersin'e bağlı Aydıncık ilçesinde yer alan antik kent ilk kez 1987 yılında kazılmaya başlanmıştır.

Tarihçe

Antik kaynaklara göre kent Kilikya'nın en eski antik tanrılarından Sandon tarafından kurulmuştur.[1] Kentin ilk halkı Luvilerdir. Akdeniz'in doğusu ve batısı ile Kıbrıs arasında deniz yolu üzerine kurulan kent bölgenin en elverişli limanlarından birine sahiptir.[1] Kentin bu önemli konumu nedeniyle MÖ 10. yüzyıldan itibaren ilk olarak doğudan gelen Fenikeliler, MÖ 8. yüzyıl sonlarında Batı Anadolu'dan gelen İyonyalılar buraya yerleşerek koloni kurmuşlardır.[1] MÖ 6. yüzyılda Dağlık Kilikya'da kurulan Pirindu Krallığı'nın en eski başkenti Kirşu'nun limanı olan Kelenderis yüzyılın ortalarında önce Babilliler daha sonra da Persler tarafından işgal edilmiştir.[1]

Kent asıl gelişimini MÖ 5. yüzyılda gerçekleştirmiştir. MÖ 547 yılından MÖ 330 yılına kadar süren Pers egemenliğine rağmen kent ticari bağımsızlığını korumuştur. Büyük İskender'den sonra Mısır'da kurulan Ptolemaios Hanedanı ile yakın ilişkiler kuran Kelenderis MÖ 100 yılına kadar bağımsız bir kent devleti olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür.[1] MS 1. yüzyılda kısa bir süreliğinie Kommagene Krallığı hakimiyetine giren kent Roma İmparatorluğu hakimiyetine girdiği Vespasian döneminde Kilikya eyaletine bağlı yarı bağımsız bir kent olmuştur.[1] 275 yılında Part İmparatorluğu'nun işgali altında kalan kent 4. yüzyıldan itibaren yeniden gelişmeye başlamıştır. 6. ve 7. yüzyıllarda süren Arap saldırıları neticesinde kent surlar içine sıkışmış ve küçülmüştür.[1] 13. yüzyıl ortalarından 15. yüzyıl ortalarına kadar Selçuklu Hanedanının ve Karamanoğullarının egemenliğine giren Kelenderis 15. yüzyıl sonlarına doğru Osmanlı Devleti hakimiyetine girmiştir.[1]

Kurulduğu günden günümüze dek yerleşim gören kentten bu nedenle günümüze çok az kalıntı kalmıştır. Liman surları, liman hamamı, amfitiyatro, kentin çeşitli yerlerindeki sarnıçlar ve bu sarnıçlara su taşıyan kanallar günümüze kalan birkaç yapıdır.[1] Ayrıca kentine çevresindeki mezarlar Klasik antik dönemden Roma dönemi sonuna kadar kullanılmıştır.[1]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Zoroğlu, Levent (1994). Kelenderis I: Kaynaklar, Kalıntılar, Buluntular (Dönmez Ofset Basımevi bas.). Ankara. ISBN 9759580810. 

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