Aminopterin

Aminopterin
IUPAC ime
Drugi nazivi 4-Aminofolic acid
4-Aminopteroylglutamic acid
Aminopterin sodium
Aminopteroylglutamic acid
Identifikacija
CAS registarski broj 54-62-6 DaY
PubChem[1][2] 2154
ChemSpider[3] 2069
EINECS broj 200-209-9
Jmol-3D slike Slika 1
Svojstva
Molekulska formula C19H20N8O5
Molarna masa 440.41 g/mol

 DaY (šta je ovo?)   (verifikuj)

Ukoliko nije drugačije napomenuto, podaci se odnose na standardno stanje (25 °C, 100 kPa) materijala

Infobox references

Aminopterin, 4-amino analog folne kiseline, je antineoplastični lek sa imunosupresivnim osobinama koji se koristi u hemoterapiji. Aminopterin je sintetički derivat pterina. Aminopterin dejstvuje kao inhibitor enzima dihidrofolat reduktaze. Njegov afinitet vezivanja za dihidrofolat reduktazu je dovoljno visok da efektivno blokira tetrahidrofolat sintezu. Ovo rezultuje u iscrpljivanju nukleotid prekursora i inhibiciji DNK, RNK, i protein sinteze.

Upotreba

Ovaj lek je otkrio Dr. Yellapragada Subbarao, a prvi je koristio njegovu antifolatnu aktivnost Sidni Farber 1947. da indukuje remisiju kod dece sa leukemijom.[4][5] Aminopterin je kasnije prodavala kompanija Lederle Laboratories (Pearl River, Njujork) u SAD od 1953 do 1964 za pedijatrijsku leukemiju. Ta kompanije je u toku istog perioda prodavala blisko srodni antifolat metotreksat. Lederle Laboratories je zatim obustavila prodaju aminopterina u korist metotreksata zbog proizvodnih razloga. Aminopterin je u toku svog tržišnog veka korišćen i za tretman psorijaze u SAD. Ovaj lek je doveo do dramatičnog čišćenja lezija.[6]

Upotreba aminopterina u tretmanu raka je zamenjena 1950-tih godina metotreksatom zbog boljeg terapeutskog indeksa metotreksata.[7] Nedavno je došlo do obnavljanja interesa u aminopterin, tako da su u toku klinička ispitivanja sa ciljom suzbijanja leukemije.[8]

Ovo jedinjenje je bilo istraženo kao abortifacijent 1960-tih i ranije, ali je bilo asocirano sa kongenitalnim malformacijama.[9] Slične kongenitalne abnormalije su bile dokumentovane sa metotreksatom, i kolektivno njihovi teratogeni efekti su postali poznati kao fetalni aminopterin sindrom. Kad se slični klaster abnormalija javi u odsustvu izlaganja antifolatima on se opisuje kao aminopterinu-sličan sindrom bez aminopterina.[10]

Postoji izvesna doza kontroverzije po pitanju upotrebe aminopterina za kontrolu glodara. Ne postoji evidencija da je on bio korišćen u tu svrhu.[11][12] Priprema ovoj molekula je kompleksna i skupa. Osim toga on je nestabilan u otvorenoj sredini, i razlaže se pod uticajem svetlosti i toplote. Najniža letalna oralna doza aminopterina za pacove (LDLo) je 2.5 mg/kg.[13]

Aminopterin i metotreksat su široko korišćeni u selekciji medija (kao što je HAT medijum) za ćelijske kulture.

Povezano

Reference

  1. Li Q, Cheng T, Wang Y, Bryant SH (2010). „PubChem as a public resource for drug discovery.”. Drug Discov Today 15 (23-24): 1052-7. DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.003. PMID 20970519.  edit
  2. Evan E. Bolton, Yanli Wang, Paul A. Thiessen, Stephen H. Bryant (2008). „Chapter 12 PubChem: Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities”. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry 4: 217-241. DOI:10.1016/S1574-1400(08)00012-1. 
  3. Hettne KM, Williams AJ, van Mulligen EM, Kleinjans J, Tkachenko V, Kors JA. (2010). „Automatic vs. manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary: the impact on text mining”. J Cheminform 2 (1): 3. DOI:10.1186/1758-2946-2-3. PMID 20331846.  edit
  4. „Who was Sidney Farber, MD?”. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2007-02-07. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2007. 
  5. Farber S, Diamond LK, Mercer RD, Sylvester RF, Wolff JA (1948). „Temporary remissions in acute leukemia in children produced by folic acid antagonist, 4-Aminopteroyl-glutamic acid (Aminopterin)”. N Engl J Med 238 (787): 787–93. 
  6. Rees, R. B., J. H. Bennett, et al. (1964). „Aminopterin for psoriasis: A decade's observation.”. The Archives of Dermatology 90: 544. 
  7. Goldin, A., J. M. Venditti, et al. (1955). „A quantitative comparison of the antileukemic effectiveness of two folic acid antagonists in mice”. J Natl Cancer Inst 15 (6): 1657-1664. 
  8. Cole, Peter D.; al., et; Smith, AK; Cate, S; Larson, RA; Hawkins, DS; Holcenberg, J; Kelly, K i dr.. (2005-11-15). „Phase II Trial of Oral Aminopterin for Adults and Children with Refractory Acute Leukemia”. Clinical Cancer Research 11 (22): 8089–8096. DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0355. PMID 16299240. 
  9. Emerson D (1962). „Congenital malformation due to attempted abortion with aminopterin”. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 84: 356–357. PMID 13890101. 
  10. „Multiple Congenital Anomaly/Mental Retardation (MCA/MR) Syndromes: Fetal aminopterin syndrome”. United States National Library of Medicine. Pristupljeno 26. 03. 2007. 
  11. „No Aminopterin in Tissues of Animals Killed by Recalled Pet Food”. PRNewsWire. 30. 3. 2007.. Pristupljeno 14. 04. 2007. 
  12. States Patent2,575,168. United States Patent 2,575,168., Šablon:Cite patent/authors, "Rodenticide comprising 4-amino-pteroylglutamic acid.", published November 13, 1951, assigned to American Cyanamid Company, New York, NY. 
  13. „EPA Chemical Profile: Aminopterin”. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 31. 10. 1985.. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2007-07-07. Pristupljeno 23. 03. 2007. 

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