Hidrazin

Hidrazin
Skeletal formula of hydrazine with all explicit hydrogens added
Skeletal formula of hydrazine with all explicit hydrogens added
Spacefill model of hydrazine
Spacefill model of hydrazine
Stereo, skeletal formula of hydrazine with all explicit hydrogens added
Stereo, skeletal formula of hydrazine with all explicit hydrogens added
Ball and stick model of hydrazine
Ball and stick model of hydrazine
Naziv po klasifikaciji Hidrazin[1]
Drugi nazivi Diamin[2]

Diazan[1]

Identifikacija
CAS registarski broj 302-01-2 DaY
PubChem[3][4] 9321
ChemSpider[5] 8960 DaY
UNII 27RFH0GB4R DaY
EINECS broj 206-114-9
UN broj 2029
KEGG[6] C05361
MeSH Hydrazine
ChEBI 15571
ChEMBL[7] CHEMBL1237174 DaY
RTECS registarski broj toksičnosti MU7175000
Bajlštajn 878137
Gmelin Referenca 190
3DMet B00770
Jmol-3D slike Slika 1
Svojstva
Molekulska formula N2H4
Molarna masa 32,0452 g mol−1
Agregatno stanje Bezbojna tečnost
Gustina 1,021 g cm−3
Tačka topljenja

2 °C, 275 K, 35 °F

Tačka ključanja

114 °C, 387 K, 237 °F

log P 0,67
Napon pare 1 kP (na 30,7 °C)
pKa 8,10[8]
Baznost (pKb) 5,90
Indeks prelamanja (nD) 1,46044 (na 22 °C)
Viskoznost 0,876 cP
Struktura
Oblik molekula (orbitale i hibridizacija) Trougano piramidalni na N
Dipolni moment 1,85 D[9]
Termohemija
Standardna entalpija stvaranja jedinjenja ΔfHo298 50,63 kJ mol−1
Standardna molarna entropija So298 121,52 J K−1 mol−1
Opasnost
Podaci o bezbednosti prilikom rukovanja (MSDS) ICSC 0281
EU-klasifikacija Toxic T Opasan po životnu sredinu N [10]
EU-indeks 007-008-00-3
NFPA 704
4
4
3
 
R-oznake R45, R10, R23/24/25, R34, R43, R50/53
S-oznake S53, S45, S60, S61
Tačka paljenja 52 °C
Tačka spontanog paljenja 24–270 °C
Eksplozivni limiti 1.8–99.99%
LD50 59–60 mg/kg (oralno u pacovima, miševima)[11]
Srodna jedinjenja
Srodna jedinjenja Amonijak

Difosfan
Tetrafluorohidrazin

 DaY (šta je ovo?)   (verifikuj)

Ukoliko nije drugačije napomenuto, podaci se odnose na standardno stanje (25 °C, 100 kPa) materijala

Infobox references

Hidrazin (diazan) neorgansko jedinjenje je sa formulom N2H4. On je bezbojna zapaljiva tečnost sa mirisom sličnom amonijaku. Hidrazin je veoma toksičan i veoma je nestabilan, osim ako se njime rukuje u rastvoru. Godine 2002. je proizvedeno oko 260.000 tona.[12] Hidrazin se uglavnom koristi kao agens za formiranje pene u pripremi polimernih pena, a nalazi i znatnu primenu kao prekurzor za polimerizacione katalizatore i lekove. Osim toga, hidrazin se koristi u raznim raketnim gorivima i za pripremu gasnih prekurzora koji se koriste u vazdušnim jastucima. Hidrazin se koristi u nuklearnim i konvencionalnim elkctričnim centralama u sistemima vodene pare kao sakupljač kiseonika, kojim se kontrolišu koncentracije rastvorenog kiseonika radi redukovanja korozije.

Molekulska struktura i osobine

Hidrazin formira monohidrat koji ima veću gustinu (1,032 g/cm3) od anhidratnog materijala.

Hidrazin se može formirati iz dva molekula amonijaka uklanjanjem jednog vodonika po molekulu. Svaka H2N-N podjedinica je piramidalnog oblika. N-N rastojanje je 1,45 Å (145 pm), i molekul poprima gauche konformaciju.[13] Rotaciona barijera dva puta veća od etana. Ova strukturna svojstva su slična gasovitom vodonik peroksidu, koji poprima zakrivljenu antiklinalnu konformaciju, i takođe ima jaku rotacionu barijeru.

Hidrazin ima bazna (alkalna) hemijska svojstva, slična amonijaku:

N2H4 + H2O → [N2H5]+ + OH

sa vrednostima:[14]

Kb = 1,3 x 10−6
pKa = 8,1

(za amonijak Kb = 1,78 x 10−5)

Hidrazin se teško deprotonuje:[15]

[N2H5]+ + H2O → [N2H6]2+ + OH Kb = 8.4 x 10−16

Toplota sagorevanja hidrazina u kiseoniku (vazduhu) je 194,1 x 105 J/kg (9345 BTU/lb).[16]

Reference

  1. 1,0 1,1 „hydrazine - PubChem Public Chemical Database”. The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 
  2. „NIOSH Guide - Hydrazine”. Centers for Disease Control. Pristupljeno 16. 8. 2012. 
  3. Li Q, Cheng T, Wang Y, Bryant SH (2010). „PubChem as a public resource for drug discovery.”. Drug Discov Today 15 (23-24): 1052-7. DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.003. PMID 20970519.  edit
  4. Evan E. Bolton, Yanli Wang, Paul A. Thiessen, Stephen H. Bryant (2008). „Chapter 12 PubChem: Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities”. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry 4: 217-241. DOI:10.1016/S1574-1400(08)00012-1. 
  5. Hettne KM, Williams AJ, van Mulligen EM, Kleinjans J, Tkachenko V, Kors JA. (2010). „Automatic vs. manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary: the impact on text mining”. J Cheminform 2 (1): 3. DOI:10.1186/1758-2946-2-3. PMID 20331846.  edit
  6. Joanne Wixon, Douglas Kell (2000). „Website Review: The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes — KEGG”. Yeast 17 (1): 48–55. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(200004)17:1<48::AID-YEA2>3.0.CO;2-H. 
  7. Gaulton A, Bellis LJ, Bento AP, Chambers J, Davies M, Hersey A, Light Y, McGlinchey S, Michalovich D, Al-Lazikani B, Overington JP. (2012). „ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery”. Nucleic Acids Res 40 (Database issue): D1100-7. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkr777. PMID 21948594.  edit
  8. Hall, H.K., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 5441.
  9. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd izd.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0080379419. 
  10. „Hydrazine safety data sheet”. 
  11. Martel, B.; Cassidy, K. (2004). Chemical Risk Analysis: A Practical Handbook. Butterworth–Heinemann. str. 361. ISBN 1-903996-65-1. 
  12. Jean-Pierre Schirmann, Paul Bourdauducq "Hydrazine" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002. DOI:10.1002/14356007.a13_177.
  13. Miessler, Gary L. and Tarr, Donald A. Inorganic Chemistry, Third Edition Pearson Prentice Hall (2004) ISBN 0-13-035471-6.
  14. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics", 83rd edition, CRC Press, 2002
  15. Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
  16. Chemical Hazard Properties Table at NOAA.gov

Literatura

  • Martel, B.; Cassidy, K. (2004). Chemical Risk Analysis: A Practical Handbook. Butterworth–Heinemann. str. 361. ISBN 1-903996-65-1. 

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