A variant of Malay, Orang Kanaq is distinct from the dialects spoken by ethnic Malays living near them.[3] All members of the Orang Kanaq tribe understand the language; however, its lexicon has been largely influenced by the Malay language.[1]
bin Abdul, Omar, 1978. The Orang Kanaq of southeastern Johor: a preliminary ethnography (No. 7). Social Anthropology Section, School of Comparative Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
bin Abdul, Omar. 1985. "The Diversified Economy of the Orang Kanaq of Southeastern Johor, Malaysia." Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography 4: 31–74.