Moma language

Moma
Kulawi
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Sulawesi
Native speakers	5,500 (2000)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Celebic Kaili–Pamona Northern Kaili Moma
Language codes
ISO 639-3	myl
Glottolog	moma1242

Moma (also Kulawi) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Historically, it is derived from the Kaili dialect cluster, but is divergent due to strong influence from Uma.^[1][2]

Phonology

The sound inventory of Moma below had been described by Adriani and Esser (1939).^[2]

Consonants

			Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal			m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	plain	voiceless	p	t		k	ʔ
		voiced	b	d	ɟ	g
	prenasalized	voiceless	ᵐp	ⁿt	ᶮc	ᵑk
		voiced	ᵐb	ⁿd
Fricative			β				h
Trill				r
Approximant				l	j

Vowels

	Front	Back
Close	i	u
Close-Mid	e	o
Open	a

Like many other languages on Sulawesi, Moma has only open syllables.^[3]

Grammar

Moma has the following pronoun sets:^[2]

Moma personal pronouns

	Independent	Enclitic	Prefixed	Suffixed
First-person singular	aku	-a	ku-	-ku
Second-person singular	iko	-ko	nu-	-mu
Third-person singular	hia	-i	na-	-na
First-person plural (inclusive)	kita	-ta	ta-	-ta
First-person plural (exclusive)	kami	-kami	ki-	-kami
Second-person plural	komi	-komi	ni-	-mi
Third-person plural	hira	-ra	ra-	-ra

References

1. Moma at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
2. Adriani, N.; Esser, S. J. (1939). Koelawische Taalstudie [Kulawi Language Study]. Bibliotheca Celebica, I, II, III (in Dutch). Bandoeng: A. C. Nix. (3 vols).
3. Sneddon, J. N. (1993). "The Drift Towards Final Open Syllables in Sulawesi Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 32 (1): 1–44. doi:10.2307/3623095. JSTOR 3623095.

Further reading

• Tohama, Agus; Pebolo, Fanda; Bokido, Hengki; Oruh, Janet M.; Coombs, Jonathan M.; Goronda, Noni; Tudju, Rusdin; Bokada, Semuel; Coombs, Veronica J.; Mua, Viktor; Jore, Yusak Pamei (2015). Kamus Saku Bahasa Moma-Kulawi / Bahasa Indonesia / Bahasa Inggris [Moma-Kulawi / Indonesian / English Pocket Dictionary]. Palu, Indonesia: SIL International Indonesia.
• Deni Karsana; Tamrin; Wahida (2012). Kamus Bahasa Indonesia–Kulawi [Indonesian–Kulawi Dictionary] (in Indonesian). Makassar: De Lamacca. ISBN 978-602-263-001-2 – via repositori.kemdikbud.go.id.