Coastal Konjo language

Coastal Konjo
Konjo Ilau’, Konjo Bulukkumba
Native to	Indonesia
Region	South Sulawesi
Native speakers	170,000 (2010 census)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian South Sulawesi Makassaric Coastal Konjo
Language codes
ISO 639-3	kjc
Glottolog	coas1295
Map showing the distribution of the South Sulawesi languages in Sulawesi and Kalimantan. Bentong language is marked with number 6 in the Makassar languages group.
Coordinates: 5°25′0.00″S 120°18′0.01″E

Coastal Konjo is an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia, which belongs to the Makassaric branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup. It is spoken along the coast in the southeastern corner of South Sulawesi in the regencies of Sinjai, Bulukumba and Bantaeng.^[2][3] It is closely related to, but distinct from Highland Konjo, which also belongs to the Makassaric languages.

Phonology

The following sound inventory is based on Friberg & Friberg (1991).^[4]

Vowels^[4]

	Front	Back
High	i	u
Mid	e	o
Low	a

The vowel /a/ is realized as [ə] before geminate nasals.

Consonants^[4]

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t	t͡ʃ	k	ʔ
	voiced	b	d	d͡ʒ	ɡ
Fricative			s			h
Semivowel				j	w
Lateral			l
Trill			r

Only [ŋ] and [ʔ] can appear in final position. Words with underlying final /s/, /l/ or /r/ add an echo vowel, e.g. /nipis/ ['nipisi] 'thin'.

Grammar

Personal pronouns in Coastal Konjo have one independent form, and three bound forms.^[5]

Personal pronouns

	free	ergative	absolutive	possessive
1.sg./1.pl.excl.	nakke	ku-	-a	-ku
1.pl.incl./2.honorific	gitte	ki-	-ki	-ta
2.familiar	kau	nu-	-ko	-mu
3.	ia	na-	-i	-na

References

1. Coastal Konjo at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
2. Grimes, C. E.; Grimes, B. E. (1987). Languages of South Sulawesi. Pacific Linguistics Series D - No. 78. Canberra: Australian National University. doi:10.15144/PL-D78. hdl:1885/145413. ISBN 0-85883-352-2.
3. Friberg, T.; Laskowske, T. V. (1989). "South Sulawesi Languages" (PDF). In Sneddon, J. N. (ed.). Studies in Sulawesi Linguistics Part I. NUSA 31. Jakarta: Universitas Atma Jaya. pp. 1–17.
4. Friberg, Barbara; Friberg, Timothy (1991). "Notes on Konjo Phonology" (PDF). In Sneddon, James N. (ed.). Studies in Sulawesi Linguistics, Part II. NUSA 33. Jakarta: Universitas Atma Jaya. pp. 71–115.
5. Friberg, Barbara (1996). "Konjo's Peripatetic Person Markers" (PDF). In Steinhauer, Hein (ed.). Papers in Austronesian Linguistics No. 3. Canberra: Australian National University. pp. 137–171.