Talaud language

Talaud
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Talaud Islands, North Sulawesi
Native speakers	(82,000 cited 2000 census)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Sangiric North Talaud
Dialects	Lami Tirawata
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tld
Glottolog	tala1285
Talaud Show map of Southeast Asia Talaud Show map of Sulawesi
Coordinates: 4.12°N 126.80°E / 4.12; 126.80

Talaud is an Austronesian language spoken on the Talaud Islands north of Sulawesi, Indonesia. There are 2 dialects, namely Lami dialect which is spoken on Miangas, Nanusa Islands, and Esang in the northern part of Karakelang Island; Tirawata dialect is used in Lirung, Kabaruan, and the southern part of Karakelang Island.^[2]

Miangas is actually a subdialect, but more different from its main dialect, Lami.^[2]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		(c)	k	ʔ
	voiced	b	d			ɡ
	affricate				tʃ
Nasal		m	n			ŋ
Fricative		β	s	ʐ	(ʃ)	ɣ	h
Rhotic	trill		r
	tap		ɾ
Lateral			l
Approximant		w

• /tʃ/ can be heard as a palatal stop [c], depending on the dialect.
• The velar fricative sound /ɣ/ may also be pronounced as voiceless [x].^[3]
• /ʃ/ is only found in some dialects of Kaburuan Island. It corresponds to /ʐ/ in most other dialects.^[3]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open		a

References

1. Talaud at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
2. Kembuan, L.D.; Sampouw, T.; Inkiriwang, J.; Terok, D.; Roring, M. (1986). Struktur Dialek Miangas (PDF) (in Indonesian) (1 ed.). Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
3. Utsumi 2016.

Further reading

• Bawole, G. (1981). Struktur Bahasa Talaud (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departmen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan – via Laboratorium Kebinekaan Bahasa dan Sastra.
• Utsumi, Atsuko (2013). "Talaud Verbs: Paradigm of Basic Verbs". Tokyo University Linguistic Papers. 33: 319–361. doi:10.15083/00027520.
• Utsumi, Atsuko (2016). "A Dialectal Study of Talaud: Dialectal Classification and a Comparative Word List". Bulletin of Meisei University. Department of Japanese and Comparative Culture, School of Humanities. 24: 163(37)–135(70).