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扁桃酸

扁桃酸[1]
IUPAC名
2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid
英文名 Mandelic acid
别名 苯乙醇酸;苦杏仁酸
识别
CAS号 90-64-2([(RS)-扁桃酸])  checkY
611-71-2([(R)-扁桃酸])  checkY
17199-29-0([(S)-扁桃酸])  checkY
PubChem 1292
ChemSpider 1253
SMILES
 
  • OC(C(O)c1ccccc1)=O
InChI
 
  • 1/C8H8O3/c9-7(8(10)11)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5,7,9H,(H,10,11)
InChIKey IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYAD
EINECS 202-007-6
ChEBI 35825
RTECS OO6300000
性质
化学式 C8H8O3
摩尔质量 152.14 g·mol⁻¹
密度 1.30 g/cm3
熔点 119 °C [(RS)-扁桃酸]
133 °C [(R)-扁桃酸]
133.8 °C [(S)-扁桃酸]
溶解性 158.7 g/L (20°C)
溶解性 氯仿 0.12 M;乙醚 0.77 M;甲醇 3.54 M [2]
pKa 3.37
危险性
欧盟危险性符号
刺激性刺激性 Xi
警示术语 R:R41
安全术语 S:S26, S39
致死量或浓度:
LD50中位剂量
300 mg/kg (大鼠肌内)
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

扁桃酸(化学式:C8H8O3),又名苦杏仁酸苯乙醇酸,学名α-羟基苯乙酸

性质

白色斜方片状结晶,露置遇光变色分解。易溶于乙醚异丙醇,溶于水和乙醇

扁桃酸及其衍生物在体内是肾上腺素去甲肾上腺素单胺氧化酶儿茶酚胺-O-甲基转移酶的代谢产物。扁桃酸分子中有一个手性碳原子,因此有(R)型和(S)型两个对映体。(R)-型在 160°C 逐渐外消旋化

异构体有甲酚酸(2-羟基-3-甲基苯甲酸)和2-甲氧基苯甲酸

历史

扁桃酸是扁桃苷的水解产物之一,最早也是由 J. W. Walker 和 V. K. Krieble 在1909年通过用稀盐酸水解扁桃苷而制得。

制取

1、由苯甲醛氰化钠亚硫酸氢钠水溶液反应而得。这个过程中苯甲醛先与亚硫酸氢钠生成醛的亚硫酸氢钠加成物,它被氰基取代生成扁桃腈,最后扁桃腈用酸水解得到扁桃酸。[3]


扁桃酸的制取 苯甲醛法


2、由异丙苯法苯酚的副产苯乙酮氯化二氯苯乙酮,然后与稀碱反应水解,得扁桃酸。

3、由乙醛酸乙酸硫酸作用下反应制备。

用途

用作合成中间体,在医药上用于合成环扁桃酸酯头孢羟唑羟苄唑匹莫林等药物。也用作防腐剂[4]

有机合成中扁桃酸是很好的对映体拆分试剂,可作为不对称还原、Diels-Alder反应的手性模板,也可作为手性反应的起始物。

参见

参考资料

Chisholm, Hugh (编). Encyclopædia Britannica (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911. 

  1. ^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 5599.
  2. ^ Solubility of mandelic acid in non-aqueous solvents
  3. ^ Corson, B. B.; Dodge, R. A.; Harris, S. A.; Yeaw, J. S. (1941). "Mandelic Acid". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 1: 336. 
  4. ^ Putten, P. L. Mandelic acid and urinary tract infections. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 1979, 45: 622. doi:10.1007/BF00403669. 

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