東莨菪鹼

東莨菪鹼
臨床資料
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureTransdermscop
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
给药途径经皮,眼,口腔,皮下,静脉内,舌下,直肠,颊部粘膜,肌内
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度10 - 50%[1]
生物半衰期4.5 h[1]
识别信息
  • (–)-(S)-3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropionic acid (1R,2R,4S,7S,9S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]non-7-yl ester
CAS号51-34-3  checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.083 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C17H21NO4
摩尔质量303.36 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
  • OC[C@H](c1ccccc1)C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3N(C)[C@@H](C2)[C@@H]4O[C@H]34
  • InChI=1S/C17H21NO4/c1-18-13-7-11(8-14(18)16-15(13)22-16)21-17(20)12(9-19)10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-6,11-16,19H,7-9H2,1H3/t11-,12-,13-,14+,15-,16+/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N checkY

東莨菪鹼(scopolamine,hyoscine)[2],是一種莨菪烷生物鹼藥物,化学式为C17H21NO4,具有毒蕈鹼受體拮抗劑作用。東莨菪鹼通過在毒蕈鹼乙酰膽鹼受體,充當競爭性拮抗劑發揮其效用;因而它被分類為抗膽鹼藥物、抗毒蕈鹼藥物。是與毒蕈鹼受體抗化劑作用下人工製造的莨菪烷類生物鹼的藥物。藥品主要來源來自茄科植物天仙子(莨菪)曼陀羅[3]

东莨菪碱曾被用作犯罪[4][5],其粉末有「魔鬼气息」(Devil's Breath)別稱。在大众媒体和电视中,它被描述为一种洗脑或控制人们使其受骗的药剂;这些说法是否属实存在争议[6][7],且尚未验证粉末形式是否能够引起暗示状态。事實上,因其作为乙酰胆碱抑制剂的性質,在非常小劑量施作上,可作為合法醫療應用;例如治療暈車的耳後貼劑、手术后的恶心肠易激综合征、胃腸痙攣、腎或膽道痙攣以及手術前給藥以減少呼吸道分泌物[8][9]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Putcha, L.; Cintrón, N. M.; Tsui, J.; Vanderploeg, J. M.; Kramer, W. G. Pharmacokinetics and Oral Bioavailability of Scopolamine in Normal Subjects. Pharmacology Research. 1989, 6 (6): 481–485. PMID 2762223. doi:10.1023/A:1015916423156. 
  2. ^ Juo PS. Concise Dictionary of Biomedicine and Molecular Biology. 2nd. Hoboken: CRC Press. 2001: 570. ISBN 978-1-4200-4130-9. (原始内容存档于10 September 2017). 
  3. ^ "Pharmakognosie — Phytopharmazie: Alkaloide" ed. Prof. Dr. Rudolf Hänsel und Prof. Dr. Heinz Pertz, Springer, 2010, S. 1217-1386.
  4. ^ "The Trial of H.H. Crippen" ed. by Filson Young (Notable British Trials series, Hodge, 1920), p. xxvii; see also evidence, pp. 68-77.
  5. ^ Andrews, Dale. Daturas. Crime Poisons. SleuthSayers. 2013-02-28 [2013-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-10). 
  6. ^ Anderson L. Devil's Breath: Urban Legend or the World's Most Scary Drug?. Drugs.com. [9 July 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-23). 
  7. ^ Saner E. 'Devil's breath' aka scopolamine: can it really zombify you?. The Guardian. 2 September 2015 [4 January 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-04). 
  8. ^ Schuh, R.; Tolksdorf, W.; Hucke, H. Transdermales Scopolamin oder Droperidol zur Prophylaxe von postoperativer Übelkeit und Erbrechen bei Cholecystektomie-Patienten. Anästhesie, Intensivtherapie, Notfallmedizin. 1987, 22 (6): 261 – 266. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1002548. 
  9. ^ Madersbacher H. Anticholinergika und ZNS‑Relevanz für die Therapie. In: Der ältere Patient mit Blasenfunktionsstörungen. Bamberger Gespräche 2005, Deutsche Kontinenz Gesellschaft. Römerdruck Bamberg. 2005: 38 ‑ 50. 

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