戊巴比妥

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戊巴比妥
臨床資料
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682416
懷孕分級
给药途径口服,静脉注射,肌肉注射,腹腔注射,心脏注射 (用于 动物安乐死)
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度70-90% oral; 90% rectal
血漿蛋白結合率20-45%
药物代谢Hepatic
生物半衰期15-48小時
排泄途徑Renal
识别信息
  • 5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione
CAS号76-74-4  checkY
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.895 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C11H18N2O3
摩尔质量226.28 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））
  • O=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1(C(C)CCC)CC
  • InChI=1S/C11H18N2O3/c1-4-6-7(3)11(5-2)8(14)12-10(16)13-9(11)15/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3,(H2,12,13,14,15,16) checkY
  • Key:WEXRUCMBJFQVBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

戊巴比妥（Pentobarbital、Pentobarbitone）是一种在1928年被合成出来短效巴比妥类药物。以游离酸或钠盐的形式成药。游离酸形式的戊巴比妥微溶于水和乙醇。[1] 此药的商品名为耐波他（Nembutal）。

用途

早期當作安眠藥使用，因為副作用過大已經停止使用，現多用於安樂死，例如瑞士的安樂死即使用此藥物。美國聯邦監獄死刑注射藥物。

已批准的用途

戊巴比妥是一种美国食品药品监督管理局批准使用的人用药物，可在癫痫发作时和手术前的镇静剂使用。也被批准作为一种短效的催眠药物使用。[2]

未经批准的用途/未标识的用途

用于缓解雷尔氏综合征或创伤性脑损伤所引起的颅内压升高。

兽药

戊巴比妥钠在兽药中作为动物用麻醉剂，既可单独使用，也可与苯妥英结合使用。 [3]

安乐死药物

被用于协助自杀（physician-assisted suicide），在美国的俄勒冈州[4]、德州[5]、瑞士、荷兰和澳大利亞的北领地都允许使用它来执行安乐死。

注射死刑用药物

在美国的某些州被批准用于注射死刑[6]。

化学合成方法

合成方法与异戊巴比妥的方法相似。唯一的不同在于是通过2-溴戊烷，而非1-溴-3-甲基丁烷与α-乙基丙二酸酯发生烷基化反应得到产物。 [7][8][9]

参考资料

  1. ^ Pentobarbital Compound summary (CID4737). Pubchem. NCBI. [2012-05-31]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-14）. 
  2. ^ Pentobarbital. Monograph. AHFS / Drugs.com. [2012-05-31]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-30）. 
  3. ^ International. Drugs.com. [2012-05-31]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-30）. 
  4. ^ presciption. Death with dignity act - FAQ. Public health Oregon. [2012-06-09]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-09）. 
  5. ^ http://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91%E6%B3%A8%E5%B0%84%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9-%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%AB%E5%AD%98%E5%91%8A%E6%80%A5-035137969.html （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 死刑注射藥物 德州庫存告急-Yahoo!奇摩新聞
  6. ^ Detailed position (regarding the misuse of pentobarbital). Lundbeck. （原始内容存档于2012-04-15）. 
  7. ^ Volwiler, E. H.; Tabern, D. L. 5,5-SUBSTITUTED BARBITURIC ACIDS1. Journal of the American Chemical Society (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1930, 52 (4): 1676–1679. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01367a061. 
  8. ^ German imperial patent, D.R.P. 293163 (1916), Bayer
  9. ^ GB patent 650354,Wilde, B. E. & Balaban, I. E.,「Improvements in the manufacture of substituted barbituric and thiobarbituric acids」,发行于1951-02-21,指定于Geigy 

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