于都話

于都話
Yì-tû-fa
发音[y˦˦ tu˧˩ va˦˨]
母语国家和地区 中国
区域主要分佈在中國江西省贛州市于都縣
語系
官方地位
作为官方语言
管理机构
語言代碼
ISO 639-3

于都話,是漢語族客家語的一種方言,主要使用於江西省贛州市下的于都县。根據1987年版的《中國語言地圖集》,于都話歸類在客家語于桂片[1],而根據2012年版的《中國語言地圖集》則被歸類為客家語于信片[2]

音韻系統

以下是于都縣貢江鎮的客家語音系。

聲韻調

于都話有24個聲母,52個韻母和6個聲調。

語音特點

  1. 古全塞音、塞擦音聲母不論平仄都讀送氣清音。
  2. 泥來不混。
  3. 影母開口洪音字讀零聲母。
  4. 部分古次濁聲母平聲字、古次濁聲母上聲字和古全濁聲母上聲字今讀陰平。
  5. 分尖團,尖音讀[ts tsʰ s],團音讀[tɕ tɕʰ ɕ]。
  6. 古精組、莊組、知組二等今聲母是[ts tsʰ s],古章組、知組三等今聲母是[tʂ tʂʰ ʂ]。
  7. 古曉匣母合口讀[h]。
  8. 有撮口呼韻母[yɐ]、[yẽ]、[yɐʔ]。
  9. 梗攝有文白對立。
  10. 遇攝三等魚虞韻今韻母有別,魚韻白讀主要元音為[e],文讀和虞韻主要元音是[u]。遇攝三等精組和見系字,魚韻文讀和虞韻今韻母都是[iu],與流攝三等精組和見係字韻母相同。
  11. 咸山兩攝開口一等端系字、開口二等字的舒聲與梗攝開口二等的舒聲白讀今韻母都是[ã]。咸攝開口一等覃韻見系、山攝開口一等見系、合口一等端系、合口三等的知系和端系、宕攝一等、三等知系、江攝見系,今舒聲韻母都是[ɔ̃]。山攝合口三、四等見系、宕攝三等端系、見系,今舒聲韻母都是[iɔ̃]。
  12. 古咸、深、山、臻四攝入聲清聲母和部分濁聲母字讀音去,其濁聲母字和宕、江、曾、梗、通諸攝入聲字讀入聲。而古宕江、曾、梗諸攝又有攝哦書濁聲母入聲字讀陽去。
  13. 入聲為短促,無明顯喉塞音韻尾。

註釋

  1. ^ 李榮. 中國語言地圖集. 香港: 香港朗文(遠東)出版社. 1988 [2015-01-01]. ISBN 0582999030. (原始内容存档于2015-01-01) (中文). 八、銅鼓片 包括江西省的13個縣市和湖南省的5個縣:于都 贛縣 南康...吉安 遂川 萬安 
  2. ^ 張振興. 中國語言地圖集第二版. 北京: 商務印書馆. 2012: 116–124 [2014-12-31]. ISBN 7100070546. (原始内容存档于2015-01-01) (中文). 七、于信片 共11個縣市 江西省:于都縣 贛縣 南康縣 大余縣 崇義縣 上猶縣 興國縣 瑞金市 安遠縣... 

參考書籍

  1. 張振興 主編 《中國語言地圖集》第二版,商務印書館,2012
  2. 劉綸鑫主編 《客贛方言比較研究》 中國社會科學出版社 1999
  3. 謝留文 《于都方言詞典》,江蘇教育出版社 1998
  4. 李榮 主編 《中國語言地圖集》,香港遠東出版社,1987

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