倒话

倒话
母语国家和地区中国
区域四川省雅江县
母语使用人数
2,685(1995)[1]
語系
語言代碼
ISO 639-3无(mis
Glottologdaoh1239[2]

倒话又叫河口语,是一种分布在四川省雅江县混合语克里奥尔语。词序和藏语一样是主宾动语序(意西微萨・阿错 2004:6),词汇来自汉语和藏语。其语音结构上和汉语高度对应,但在语音要素格局上却与藏语基本一致,基本词汇中来自汉语的词汇占绝对的优势地位,在语法结构上则与藏语有着平行同构关系,但也并不是一概排斥汉语语法。汉藏两种语言的词汇、语法、语音在河口语中并不是借代关系,藏汉两种语言经过深入接触后形成的一种混合型语言。[3]

分布

据意西微萨・阿错(2004:6),倒话分布在四川省雅江县下列乡。在这些行政乡内,倒话分布在8个村庄,截至1995年共有504户和2,685人使用。

羌语支的却域语紧邻倒话北部,分布在呷拉乡。

特征

倒话有19个单元音,其中包括13个普通元音和6个鼻化元音;有17个复元音,基本上没有辅音韵尾,有37个声母,其中包括6个带鼻冠的复辅音声母。有4个声调。音节结构以开音节为主。

词汇主要来源于汉语,调查词汇总数的约88%是汉语,约5%是藏语词,自创特有的词约占6%,还有一些藏汉混合词。

动词有体、态、式、情态和名物化等语法形式。自主动词的体分现行体、持续体、将行体、即行体、已行体、完成体、经验体7种。动词的态分自动和使动两种。式有陈述式、祈使式、拟测式、疑问式,其中祈使式又分命令、禁止、请求、邀约4种。名物化有4种形式,分别用不同的后缀表达。句子的基本语序为主—宾—谓。名词、代词做定语在中心词前,数量词、形容词做修饰语在中心词后。

參見

参考

  1. ^ 意西微萨・阿错(2004:6)
  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Daohua. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  3. ^ 雅江县河口语特征初探.李春梅.四川民族学院学报.第19卷第6期2010年12月.
  4. ^ 代表性方言
  • 意西微萨・阿错. 2004. 倒话研究. Beijing: 民族出版社. ISBN 978-7-105-06016-0

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