alpha culbuté en exposant, a cursif culbuté en exposant, lettre modificative alpha culbuté
◌ᶛ
Lettre supérieure

, appelée alpha culbuté en exposant, a cursif culbuté en exposant ou lettre modificative alpha culbuté, est un symbole de systèmes de transcriptions proches de l’alphabet phonétique international. Il est formé de la lettre latine alpha culbuté mise en exposant.

Utilisation

Avant 1989, l’alpha culbuté en exposant ‹ ᶛ › a été utilisé après le symbole d’une consonne pour indiquer l’articulation secondaire pharyngalisée[1],[2],[3]. Depuis 1989, l’alphabet phonétique international utilise le coup de glotte réfléchi en exposant ‹ ˤ › pour indiquer la pharyngalisation, par exemple [tˤ] au lieu de [tᶛ].

Dans certaines variantes de l’alphabet phonétique international non standard, l’alpha culbuté en exposant est utilisé pour représenter des diphtongues[4]. En 1968, Thomas Gay recommande d’utiliser le symbole en exposant pour la deuxième partie mineure des diphtongues[5].

Représentations informatiques

La lettre modificative alpha culbuté peut être représenté avec les caractères Unicode suivants (Supplément extensions phonétiques) :

formes représentations chaînes
de caractères
points de code descriptions note
modificative U+1D9B U+1D9B lettre modificative minuscule alpha culbuté codé pour le symbole phonétique

Notes et références

Bibliographie

  • (en) Peter Constable, Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS (no N2740, L2/04-132), (lire en ligne)
  • (en) Thomas Gay, « Effect of speaking rate on diphthong formant movements », The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 44, no 6,‎ , p. 1570-1573 (DOI 10.1121/1.1911298 )
  • (en) International Phonetic Association, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: a guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge, UK ; New York, NY, Cambridge University Press, (ISBN 978-0-521-63751-0 et 0521637511)
  • (en) Rick Floyd, Manual for articulatory phonetics, Dallas, Summer Institute of Linguistics,
  • (en) Peter Ladefoged, Preliminaries to linguistic phonetics, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, (ISBN 0-226-46787-2, lire en ligne)
  • (en) Ian R. A. MacKay, Phonetics: the science of speech production, Boston, Little, Brown and Company, (ISBN 0-316-54238-5, lire en ligne)

Voir aussi

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