The name for Japan in Japanese is written using the kanji日本 and is pronounced Nihon or Nippon.[11] Before 日本 was adopted in the early 8th century, the country was known in China as Wa (倭, changed in Japan around 757 to 和) and in Japan by the endonymYamato.[12]Nippon, the original Sino-Japanese reading of the characters, is favored for official uses, including on Japanese banknotes and postage stamps.[11]Nihon is typically used in everyday speech and reflects shifts in Japanese phonology during the Edo period.[12] The characters 日本 mean "sun origin",[11] which is the source of the popular Western epithet "Land of the Rising Sun".[13]
The name "Japan" is based on Min or Wu Chinese pronunciations of 日本 and was introduced to European languages through early trade.[14] In the 13th century, Marco Polo recorded the Early Mandarin Chinese pronunciation of the characters 日本國 as Cipangu.[15] The old Malay name for Japan, Japang or Japun, was borrowed from a southern coastal Chinese dialect and encountered by Portuguese traders in Southeast Asia, who brought the word to Europe in the early 16th century.[16] The first version of the name in English appears in a book published in 1577, which spelled the name as Giapan in a translation of a 1565 Portuguese letter.[17][14]
Japan first appears in written history in the Chinese Book of Han, completed in 111 AD. Buddhism was introduced to Japan from Baekje (a Korean kingdom) in 552, but the development of Japanese Buddhism was primarily influenced by China.[28] Despite early resistance, Buddhism was promoted by the ruling class, including figures like Prince Shōtoku, and gained widespread acceptance beginning in the Asuka period (592–710).[29]
In 645, the government led by Prince Naka no Ōe and Fujiwara no Kamatari devised and implemented the far-reaching Taika Reforms. The Reform began with land reform, based on Confucian ideas and philosophies from China.[30] It nationalized all land in Japan, to be distributed equally among cultivators, and ordered the compilation of a household registry as the basis for a new system of taxation.[31] The true aim of the reforms was to bring about greater centralization and to enhance the power of the imperial court, which was also based on the governmental structure of China. Envoys and students were dispatched to China to learn about Chinese writing, politics, art, and religion.[30] The Jinshin War of 672, a bloody conflict between Prince Ōama and his nephew Prince Ōtomo, became a major catalyst for further administrative reforms.[32] These reforms culminated with the promulgation of the Taihō Code, which consolidated existing statutes and established the structure of the central and subordinate local governments.[31] These legal reforms created the ritsuryō state, a system of Chinese-style centralized government that remained in place for half a millennium.[32]
Tokugawa Ieyasu served as regent for Hideyoshi's son Toyotomi Hideyori and used his position to gain political and military support.[45] When open war broke out, Ieyasu defeated rival clans in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. He was appointed shōgun by Emperor Go-Yōzei in 1603 and established the Tokugawa shogunate at Edo (modern Tokyo).[46] The shogunate enacted measures including buke shohatto, as a code of conduct to control the autonomous daimyō,[47] and in 1639 the isolationist sakoku ("closed country") policy that spanned the two and a half centuries of tenuous political unity known as the Edo period (1603–1868).[46][48] Modern Japan's economic growth began in this period, resulting in roads and water transportation routes, as well as financial instruments such as futures contracts, banking and insurance of the Osaka rice brokers.[49] The study of Western sciences (rangaku) continued through contact with the Dutch enclave in Nagasaki.[46] The Edo period gave rise to kokugaku ("national studies"), the study of Japan by the Japanese.[50]
The United States Navy sent Commodore Matthew C. Perry to force the opening of Japan to the outside world. Arriving at Uraga with four "Black Ships" in July 1853, the Perry Expedition resulted in the March 1854 Convention of Kanagawa.[46] Subsequent similar treaties with other Western countries brought economic and political crises.[46] The resignation of the shōgun led to the Boshin War and the establishment of a centralized state nominally unified under the emperor (the Meiji Restoration).[51] Adopting Western political, judicial, and military institutions, the Cabinet organized the Privy Council, introduced the Meiji Constitution (November 29, 1890), and assembled the Imperial Diet.[52] During the Meiji period (1868–1912), the Empire of Japan emerged as the most developed state in Asia and as an industrialized world power that pursued military conflict to expand its sphere of influence.[53][54][55] After victories in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), Japan gained control of Taiwan, Korea and the southern half of Sakhalin,[56][52] and annexed Korea in 1910.[57] The Japanese population doubled from 35 million in 1873 to 70 million by 1935, with a significant shift to urbanization.[58][59]
The Japanese archipelago is 67% forests and 14% agricultural.[85] The primarily rugged and mountainous terrain is restricted for habitation.[86] Thus the habitable zones, mainly in the coastal areas, have very high population densities: Japan is the 40th most densely populated country even without considering that local concentration.[87][88] Honshu has the highest population density at 450 persons/km2 (1200/sq mi) as of 2010[update], while Hokkaido has the lowest density of 64.5 persons/km2 as of 2016[update].[89] As of 2014[update], approximately 0.5% of Japan's total area is reclaimed land (umetatechi).[90]Lake Biwa is an ancient lake and the country's largest freshwater lake.[91]
The climate of Japan is predominantly temperate but varies greatly from north to south. The northernmost region, Hokkaido, has a humid continental climate with long, cold winters and very warm to cool summers. Precipitation is not heavy, but the islands usually develop deep snowbanks in the winter.[97]
In the Sea of Japan region on Honshu's west coast, northwest winter winds bring heavy snowfall during winter. In the summer, the region sometimes experiences extremely hot temperatures because of the Foehn.[98] The Central Highland has a typical inland humid continental climate, with large temperature differences between summer and winter. The mountains of the Chūgoku and Shikoku regions shelter the Seto Inland Sea from seasonal winds, bringing mild weather year-round.[97]
The Pacific coast features a humid subtropical climate that experiences milder winters with occasional snowfall and hot, humid summers because of the southeast seasonal wind. The Ryukyu and Nanpō Islands have a subtropical climate, with warm winters and hot summers. Precipitation is very heavy, especially during the rainy season.[97] The main rainy season begins in early May in Okinawa, and the rain front gradually moves north. In late summer and early autumn, typhoons often bring heavy rain.[99] According to the Environment Ministry, heavy rainfall and increasing temperatures have caused problems in the agricultural industry and elsewhere.[100] The highest temperature ever measured in Japan, 41.1 °C (106.0 °F), was recorded on July 23, 2018,[101] and repeated on August 17, 2020.[102]
In the period of rapid economic growth after World War II, environmental policies were downplayed by the government and industrial corporations; as a result, environmental pollution was widespread in the 1950s and 1960s. Responding to rising concerns, the government introduced environmental protection laws in 1970.[108] The oil crisis in 1973 also encouraged the efficient use of energy because of Japan's lack of natural resources.[109]
Historically influenced by Chinese law, the Japanese legal system developed independently during the Edo period through texts such as Kujikata Osadamegaki.[120] Since the late 19th century, the judicial system has been largely based on the civil law of Europe, notably Germany. In 1896, Japan established a civil code based on the German Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, which remains in effect with post–World War II modifications.[121] The Constitution of Japan, adopted in 1947, is the oldest unamended constitution in the world.[122] Statutory law originates in the legislature, and the constitution requires that the emperor promulgate legislation passed by the Diet without giving him the power to oppose legislation. The main body of Japanese statutory law is called the Six Codes.[120] Japan's court system is divided into four basic tiers: the Supreme Court and three levels of lower courts.[123]
Japan is divided into 47 prefectures, each overseen by an elected governor and legislature.[114] In the following table, the prefectures are grouped by region:[124]
Japan has close economic and military relations with the United States, with which it maintains a security alliance.[129] The United States is a major market for Japanese exports and a major source of Japanese imports, and is committed to defending the country, with military bases in Japan.[129] In 2016, Japan announced the Free and Open Indo-Pacific vision, which frames its regional policies.[130][131] Japan is also a member of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue ("the Quad"), a multilateral security dialogue reformed in 2017 aiming to limit Chinese influence in the Indo-Pacific region, along with the United States, Australia, and India.[132][133]
Japan is engaged in several territorial disputes with its neighbors. Japan contests Russia's control of the Southern Kuril Islands, which were occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945.[134] South Korea's control of the Liancourt Rocks is acknowledged but not accepted as they are claimed by Japan.[135] Japan has strained relations with China and Taiwan over the Senkaku Islands and the status of Okinotorishima.[136]
The Government of Japan has been making changes to its security policy which include the establishment of the National Security Council, the adoption of the National Security Strategy, and the development of the National Defense Program Guidelines.[142] In May 2014, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said Japan wanted to shed the passiveness it has maintained since the end of World War II and take more responsibility for regional security.[143] In December 2022, Prime Minister Fumio Kishida further confirmed this trend, instructing the government to increase spending by 65% until 2027.[144] Recent tensions, particularly with North Korea and China, have reignited the debate over the status of the JSDF and its relation to Japanese society.[145][146]
Japanese society traditionally places a strong emphasis on collective harmony and conformity, which has led to the suppression of individual rights.[157]Japan's constitution prohibits racial and religious discrimination,[158][159] and the country is a signatory to numerous international human rights treaties.[160] However, it lacks any laws against discrimination based on race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or gender identity and does not have a national human rights institution.[161]
Japan was the world's fifth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer in 2022.[176][177] Its exports amounted to 18.2% of its total GDP in 2021.[178] As of 2022[update], Japan's main export markets were China (23.9 percent, including Hong Kong) and the United States (18.5 percent).[179]Its main exports are motor vehicles, iron and steel products, semiconductors, and auto parts.[83] Japan's main import markets as of 2022[update] were China (21.1 percent), the United States (9.9 percent), and Australia (9.8 percent).[179] Japan's main imports are machinery and equipment, fossil fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, and raw materials for its industries.[179]
The Japanese agricultural sector accounts for about 1.2% of the country's total GDP as of 2018[update].[116] Only 11.5% of Japan's land is suitable for cultivation.[187] Because of this lack of arable land, a system of terraces is used to farm in small areas.[188] This results in one of the world's highest levels of crop yields per unit area, with an agricultural self-sufficiency rate of about 50% as of 2018[update].[189] Japan's small agricultural sector is highly subsidized and protected.[190] There has been a growing concern about farming as farmers are aging with a difficult time finding successors.[191]
Japan ranked seventh in the world in tonnage of fish caught and captured 3,167,610 metric tons of fish in 2016, down from an annual average of 4,000,000 tons over the previous decade.[192] Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch,[83] prompting critiques that Japan's fishing is leading to depletion in fish stocks such as tuna.[193] Japan has sparked controversy by supporting commercial whaling.[194]
Japan has a large industrial capacity and is home to some of the "largest and most technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemical substances, textiles, and processed foods".[83] Japan's industrial sector makes up approximately 27.5% of its GDP.[83] The country's manufacturing output is the fourth highest in the world as of 2023[update].[196]
Japan is in the top three globally for both automobile production[195] and export,[197][198] and is home to Toyota, the world's largest automobile company by vehicle production. The Japanese shipbuilding industry faces increasing competition from its East Asian neighbors, South Korea and China; a 2020 government initiative identified this sector as a target for increasing exports.[199]
Japan leads the world in robotics production and use, supplying 45% of the world's 2020 total;[207] down from 55% in 2017.[208] Japan has the second highest number of researchers in science and technology per capita in the world with 14 per 1000 employees.[209]
Once considered the strongest in the world, the Japanese consumer electronics industry is in a state of decline as regional competition arises in neighboring East Asian countries such as South Korea and China.[210] However, Japan's video game sector remains a major industry. In 2014, Japan's consumer video game market grossed $9.6 billion, with $5.8 billion coming from mobile gaming.[211] By 2015, Japan had become the world's fourth-largestPC game market by revenue, behind only China, the United States, and South Korea.[212]
Japan has invested heavily in transportation infrastructure since the 1990s.[220] The country has approximately 1,200,000 kilometers (750,000 miles) of roads made up of 1,000,000 kilometers (620,000 miles) of city, town and village roads, 130,000 kilometers (81,000 miles) of prefectural roads, 54,736 kilometers (34,011 miles) of general national highways and 7641 kilometers (4748 miles) of national expressways as of 2017[update].[221]
As of 2019[update], 37.1% of energy in Japan was produced from petroleum, 25.1% from coal, 22.4% from natural gas, 3.5% from hydropower and 2.8% from nuclear power, among other sources. Nuclear power was down from 11.2 percent in 2010.[226] By May 2012 all of the country's nuclear power plants had been taken offline because of ongoing public opposition following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in March 2011, though government officials continued to try to sway public opinion in favor of returning at least some to service.[227] The Sendai Nuclear Power Plant restarted in 2015,[228] and since then several other nuclear power plants have been restarted.[229] Japan lacks significant domestic reserves and has a heavy dependence on imported energy.[230] The country has therefore aimed to diversify its sources and maintain high levels of energy efficiency.[231]
Japan has a population of almost 125 million, of whom nearly 122 million are Japanese nationals (2022 estimates).[232] A small population of foreign residents makes up the remainder.[233]
Japan is the world's fastest aging country and has the highest proportion of elderly citizens of any country, comprising one-third of its total population;[234] this is the result of a post–World War II baby boom, which was followed by an increase in life expectancy and a decrease in birth rates.[235] Japan has a total fertility rate of 1.4, which is below the replacement rate of 2.1, and is among the world's lowest;[236] it has a median age of 48.4, the highest in the world.[237] As of 2020[update], over 28.7 percent of the population is over 65, or more than one in four out of the Japanese population.[234] As a growing number of younger Japanese are not marrying or remaining childless,[238][239] Japan's population is expected to drop to around 88 million by 2065.[234]
The changes in demographic structure have created several social issues, particularly a decline in the workforce population and an increase in the cost of social security benefits.[238] The Government of Japan projects that there will be almost one elderly person for each person of working age by 2060.[237]Immigration and birth incentives are sometimes suggested as a solution to provide younger workers to support the nation's aging population.[240][241] On April 1, 2019, Japan's revised immigration law was enacted, protecting the rights of foreign workers to help reduce labor shortages in certain sectors.[242]
Japan's constitution guarantees full religious freedom.[262] Upper estimates suggest that 84–96 percent of the Japanese population subscribe to Shinto as its indigenous religion.[263] However, these estimates are based on people affiliated with a temple, rather than the number of true believers. Many Japanese people practice both Shinto and Buddhism; they can identify with both religions or describe themselves as non-religious or spiritual.[264] The level of participation in religious ceremonies as a cultural tradition remains high, especially during festivals and occasions such as the first shrine visit of the New Year.[265]Taoism and Confucianism from China have also influenced Japanese beliefs and customs.[30]
About 90% of those practicing Islam in Japan are foreign-born migrants as of 2016[update].[269] As of 2018[update] there were an estimated 105 mosques and 200,000 Muslims in Japan, 43,000 of which were Japanese nationals.[270] Other minority religions include Hinduism, Judaism, and Baháʼí Faith, as well as the animist beliefs of the Ainu.[271]
Since the 1947 Fundamental Law of Education, compulsory education in Japan comprises elementary and junior high school, which together last for nine years.[272] Almost all children continue their education at a three-year senior high school.[273] The top-ranking university in the country is the University of Tokyo.[274] Starting in April 2016, various schools began the academic year with elementary school and junior high school integrated into one nine-year compulsory schooling program; MEXT plans for this approach to be adopted nationwide.[275]
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) coordinated by the OECD ranks the knowledge and skills of Japanese 15-year-olds as the third best in the world.[276] Japan is one of the top-performing OECD countries in reading literacy, math, and sciences with the average student scoring 520 and has one of the world's highest-educated labor forces among OECD countries.[277][276][278] It spent 7.4% of its total GDP on education as of 2021[update].[279] In 2021, the country ranked third for the percentage of 25- to 64-year-olds that have attained tertiary education with 55.6%.[280] Approximately 65% of Japanese aged 25 to 34 have some form of tertiary education qualification, with bachelor's degrees being held by 34.2% of Japanese aged 25 to 64, the second most in the OECD after South Korea.[280] Japanese women are more highly educated than the men: 59 percent of women possess a university degree, compared to 52 percent of men.[281]
Health care in Japan is provided by national and local governments. Payment for personal medical services is offered through a universal health insurance system that provides relative equality of access, with fees set by a government committee. People without insurance through employers can participate in a national health insurance program administered by local governments.[282] Since 1973, all elderly persons have been covered by government-sponsored insurance.[283]
Japan spent 10.82% of its total GDP on healthcare in 2021.[284] In 2020, the overall life expectancy in Japan at birth was 85 years (82 years for men and 88 years for women),[285][286] the highest in the world;[287] while it had a very low infant mortality rate (2 per 1,000 live births).[288] Since 1981, the principal cause of death in Japan is cancer, which accounted for 27% of the total deaths in 2018—followed by cardiovascular diseases, which led to 15% of the deaths.[289] Japan has one of the world's highest suicide rates, which is considered a major social issue.[290] Another significant public health issue is smoking among Japanese men.[291] Japan has the lowest rate of heart disease in the OECD, and the lowest level of dementia among developed countries.[292]
Ritsurin Garden, one of the most famous strolling gardens in Japan
The history of Japanese painting exhibits synthesis and competition between native Japanese esthetics and imported ideas.[300] The interaction between Japanese and European art has been significant: for example ukiyo-e prints, which began to be exported in the 19th century in the movement known as Japonism, had a significant influence on the development of modern art in the West, most notably on post-Impressionism.[300]
Japanese architecture is a combination of local and other influences. It has traditionally been typified by wooden or mud plaster structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with tiled or thatched roofs.[301]Traditional housing and many temple buildings see the use of tatami mats and sliding doors that break down the distinction between rooms and indoor and outdoor space.[302] Since the 19th century, Japan has incorporated much of Western modern architecture into construction and design.[303] It was not until after World War II that Japanese architects made an impression on the international scene, firstly with the work of architects like Kenzō Tange and then with movements like Metabolism.[304]
Japanese philosophy has historically been a fusion of both foreign, particularly Chinese and Western, and uniquely Japanese elements. In its literary forms, Japanese philosophy began about fourteen centuries ago. Confucian ideals remain evident in the Japanese concept of society and the self, and in the organization of the government and the structure of society.[313] Buddhism has profoundly impacted Japanese psychology, metaphysics, and esthetics.[314]
Japanese music is eclectic and diverse. Many instruments, such as the koto, were introduced in the 9th and 10th centuries. The popular folk music, with the guitar-like shamisen, dates from the 16th century.[315] Western classical music, introduced in the late 19th century, forms an integral part of Japanese culture.[316]Kumi-daiko (ensemble drumming) was developed in postwar Japan and became very popular in North America.[317] Popular music in post-war Japan has been heavily influenced by American and European trends, which has led to the evolution of J-pop.[318]Karaoke is a significant cultural activity.[319]
The four traditional theaters from Japan are noh, kyōgen, kabuki, and bunraku.[320] Noh is one of the oldest continuous theater traditions in the world.[321]
Japan has one of the oldest and largest film industries globally.[325]Ishirō Honda's Godzilla became an international icon of Japan and spawned an entire subgenre of kaiju films, as well as the longest-running film franchise in history.[326][327] Japanese comics, known as manga, developed in the mid-20th century and have become popular worldwide.[328][329] A large number of manga series have become some of the best-selling comics series of all time, rivalling the American comics industry.[330] Japanese animated films and television series, known as anime, were largely influenced by Japanese manga and have become highly popular globally.[331][332]
Popular Japanese beverages include sake, a brewed rice beverage that typically contains 14–17% alcohol and is made by multiple fermentation of rice.[342] Beer has been brewed in Japan since the late 17th century.[343]Green tea is produced in Japan and prepared in forms such as matcha, used in the Japanese tea ceremony.[344]
Sumo wrestlers form around the referee during the ring-entering ceremony.
Traditionally, sumo is considered Japan's national sport.[345] Japanese martial arts such as judo and kendo are taught as part of the compulsory junior high school curriculum.[346]Baseball is the most popular sport in the country.[347] Japan's top professional league, Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB), was established in 1936.[348] Since the establishment of the Japan Professional Football League (J.League) in 1992, association football gained a wide following.[349] The country co-hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup with South Korea.[350] Japan has one of the most successful football teams in Asia, winning the Asian Cup four times,[351] and the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2011.[352] Golf is also popular in Japan.[353]
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^Ito, Kinko (February 2005). "A History of Manga in the Context of Japanese Culture and Society". Journal of Popular Culture. 38 (3): 456–475. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.2005.00123.x.
New Zealand cricketer Eric PetriePetrie pictured in 1959Personal informationFull nameEric Charlton PetrieBorn(1927-05-22)22 May 1927Ngāruawāhia, New ZealandDied14 August 2004(2004-08-14) (aged 77)Ōmokoroa, New ZealandBattingRight-handedBowlingLegbreakRoleWicket-keeperInternational information National sideNew Zealand (1955–1966)Test debut (cap 75)26 October 1955 v PakistanLast Test11 March 1966 v England Career statistics Competition Test First-clas...
Sylan Sylan vanuit het oosten Hoogte 1762 m Coördinaten 63° 1′ NB, 12° 12′ OL Ligging Grens Zweden en Noorwegen Gebergte Scandinavisch Hoogland Portaal Aardwetenschappen Sylan (Samisch: Bealjehkh, Zweeds: Sylarna) is een bergmassief op de grens van Noorwegen en Zweden in de provincie Sør Trøndelag en het landschap Jämtland. Het hoogste punt, Storsylen, ligt op 1762 meter boven de zeespiegel. Ten zuidoosten van het massief ligt Helagsfjället en ten westen bevind...
Jakob Missia Jacob Missia, aslinya Misel atau Mislej ; (30 Juni 1838 – 24 Maret 1902) merupakan seorang uskup Slovenia yang kemudian menjadi Uskup Agung Gorizia e Gradisca dari 1898 hingga kematiannya. Dia dilantik sebagai kardinal pada 1899, dan menjadi tokoh Slovenia pertama yang diberikan jabatan tersebut.[1] Ia menjabat sebagai Uskup Ljubljana dari 1884 hingga 1898. Lambang Nama lahirnya adalah Jakob Misel atau Mislej di Hrastje–Mota, Kekaisaran Austria-Hungaria, yang sekarang...
Eastern Roman empress by marriage to Theodosius II For the wife of Emperor Arcadius, see Aelia Eudoxia. Aelia EudociaAugustaRoman empressTenure421–450BornAthenaisc. 401AthensDied20 October 460 (aged 58–59)JerusalemSpouseTheodosius IIIssueDetailLicinia EudoxiaFlaccillaArcadiusFatherLeontius Aelia Eudocia Augusta (/ˈiːliə juːˈdoʊʃə ɔːˈɡʌstə/; Greek: Αιλία Ευδοκία Αυγούστα; c. 401 – 460 AD), also called Saint Eudocia, was ...
Book by Gerald Gardner Witchcraft Today First edition coverAuthorGerald GardnerCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishGenreHistory Folklore WiccaPublisherVariousPublication date1954 Witchcraft Today is a non-fiction book written by Gerald Gardner. Published in 1954, Witchcraft Today recounts Gardner's thoughts on the history and practices of the theoretical witch-cult, and his claim to have met practising witches in 1930s England. It is based on the rejected theory that persecuted witches had ac...
Ministry of HealthSundheds- og ÆldreministerietHeadquarters of the Danish Ministry of Health at Holbergsgade 6 in CopenhagenAgency overviewJurisdiction DenmarkMinister responsibleSophie LøhdeWebsitehttp://sum.dk The Danish Ministry of Health (Danish: Sundhedsministeriet)[1] is a Danish governmental ministry responsible for healthcare policy in Denmark. First created as an independent ministry in 1926, it has at various times been combined with the Ministry of the Interior as th...
I. Valerian (born Valeriu Ionescu; August 1, 1895 – November 21, 1980) was a Romanian writer and journalist. Born in Ivești, Galați County, the son of Fotache, a worker and clerk active in Ivești and Tecuci, and his wife Amalia, he spent his childhood in Tecuci. There he attended school at the primary and gymnasium levels before going to Vasile Alecsandri High School in Galați from 1907 to 1915. In 1917, during World War I, he graduated from the Military Reserve Officers' School in ...
Species of thrip Frankliniella tritici Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Thysanoptera Family: Thripidae Genus: Frankliniella Species: F. tritici Binomial name Frankliniella tritici(Fitch, 1855) [1] Frankliniella tritici, the eastern flower thrips, is a species of thrips (Order Thysanoptera) in the genus Frankliniella.[2] F. tritici inhabits blossom, such as dandelion flowers.[3] They can dir...
La ParisienneYearAbout 1400 BCLocationHeraklion Archaeological Museum La Parisienne also known as the Minoan Lady, is part of the Camp Stool Fresco, which was probably painted on the wall of the Sanctuary Hall on the Piano Nobile at the palace of Knossos. The sacral knot worn at the back of the neck seems to indicate that she is a priestess or even a goddess. The archaeological research in Minoan palaces, cemeteries and settlements has brought to light a multitude of objects related to beauti...
German ice hockey player Ice hockey player Ronny Arendt Born (1980-11-24) November 24, 1980 (age 43)Bad Muskau, GermanyHeight 5 ft 8 in (173 cm)Weight 192 lb (87 kg; 13 st 10 lb)Position ForwardShot LeftPlayed for Berlin CapitalsAugsburger PantherAdler MannheimPlaying career 1998–2017 Ronny Arendt (born November 24, 1980) is a German former professional ice hockey player who most notably played for Adler Mannheim in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DE...
HacktivismoFormation1999PurposeHacktivismLocationUnited StatesOriginLas Vegas, NevadaFoundersOxblood RuffinProductsCamera/ShyThe Six/Four SystemHESSLAAffiliationsCult of the Dead CowNinja Strike ForceWebsiteMain Site Hacktivismo is an offshoot of Cult of the Dead Cow (cDc), whose beliefs include access to information as a basic human right. It was founded in 1999. The group's beliefs are described fully in The Hacktivismo Declaration, which seeks to apply the Universal Declaration of Human Ri...
Songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore Rabindra Sangeetby Rabindranath TagoreRabindranath Tagore (right) and Indira Devi Chaudhurani (left) in Valmiki-Pratibha operaNative nameরবীন্দ্রসঙ্গীতComposed1875–1941 Rabindra Sangeet (Bengali: রবীন্দ্র সঙ্গীত; pronounced [robindɾo ʃoŋɡit]), also known as Tagore Songs, are songs from the Indian subcontinent written and composed by the Bengali polymath Rabindranath Tagore, winner of th...
Chinese Airport Holding Company This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Capital Airport Holding – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Capital Airport HoldingSimplified Chinese首都机场集团公司Transcriptions Capital Airp...
Agricultural suburb of Mysore Manandvadi Road, Mysore Machur Nagerhole Mosque at Handpost Junction Kenchalagudu village near Mysore Mananthavady Road is an agricultural suburb of Mysore district in the Indian state of Karnataka.[1] Terminology The term Mananthavady Road is used for the 52 km stretch of road between Mysore and Heggadadevanakote (H.D.Kote) town in Karnataka. Some people use the term for the entire stretch up to Mananthavady town in Kerala province. The second stret...
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2008) Sovereign states A Adal – Adal Sultanate Algiers – Sultanate of Algiers Alipura – Alipura Andorra – Principality of Andorra Anhalt – Principality of Anhalt Annam – Empire of Annam Ansbach – Principality of Ansbach Arakan – Kingdom of Arakan Ashanti – Asante Union Assam – Kingdom of Assam Atjeh – Aceh Sultanate Austria – Archduchy of Austria B Baden – Margr...
Dark Age of Camelot Información generalDesarrollador Mythic Entertainment y Electronic Arts Distribuidor Vivendi Games y Mythic Entertainment Diseñador Mark Jacobs Datos del juegoGénero videojuego de rol multijugador masivo en línea Modos de juego multijugador Clasificaciones PEGIUSKDatos del softwareMotor Gamebryo y SpeedTree Plataformas Microsoft Windows Datos del hardwareFormato disco compacto DesarrolloLanzamiento WW10 de octubre de 2001Enlaces Sitio web oficial[editar datos en W...
German World War II submarine U-995 Type VIIC/41 at the Laboe Naval Memorial. This U-boat is almost identical to U-1305. History Nazi Germany NameU-1305 Ordered1 August 1942 BuilderFlensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft, Flensburg Yard number498 Laid down30 July 1943 Launched11 July 1944 Commissioned13 September 1944 FateSurrendered on 10 May 1945 Soviet Union NameS-84 Commissioned13 February 1946 FateSunk on 10 October 1957 during an atomic bomb test General characteristics TypeType VIIC/41 subm...
Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento gruppi musicali statunitensi non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Questa voce o sezione deve essere rivista e aggiornata appena possibile. Commento: info ferme al 2013 Sembra infatti che questa voce contenga informazioni superate e/o obsolete. Se puoi, contri...
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