日本入侵東南亞後,美國立即停止對日本的鋼鐵和廢鐵輸出,接着禁運石油;英國與荷蘭也強化對日經濟封鎖;日本軍部感到危機,向國民宣傳要粉碎「ABCD包圍圈」(指America Britain China Dutch,即美國、英國、中國、荷蘭),惟有通過戰爭手段[48]:121。日本染指東南亞及意圖擴大戰爭的舉動,使美國決定採取行動壓制日本,開始對日本實施各種禁運,英國其後跟進並與荷蘭屬印尼及中華民國組建「ABCD包圍網」。
1943年5月,日本制定了Z行动(英语:Operation Z (1944)),该计划设想利用日本海军力量对抗威胁外层防线的美军。从阿留申群岛到威克岛、马绍尔群岛和吉尔伯特群岛、瑙鲁、俾斯麦群岛、新几内亚,然后向西经过爪哇岛和苏门答腊岛到达缅甸。1943年至1944年,所罗门群岛的盟军开始向拉包尔推进,最终包围并摧毁了该要塞。随着日军在所罗门群岛的防线瓦解,日本修改了Z计划,取消了吉尔伯特群岛和马绍尔群岛以及俾斯麦群岛作为需要防御的重点地区。然后将可能的行动建立在防御内部边界的基础上,其中包括马里亚纳群岛、帕劳、西新几内亚和荷属东印度群岛。与此同时,在中太平洋,美军发起了一场重大攻势,从1943年11月开始在吉尔伯特群岛登陆。吉尔伯特和马歇尔的日本驻军被击溃。
6月19日,日本航母舰队发动的空袭被美军航母舰队成功防御。这一结果后来被称为“大马里亚纳群岛火鸡射击”。所有美国航母都有作战信息中心(英语:Combat information center),负责向作战空中巡逻队(英语:Combat air patrol)解释雷达数据流和无线电拦截命令。少数以交错顺序成功抵达美国舰队的日军飞机遭遇了带有近炸引信的大规模防空火力阻拦。只有一艘美国军舰受到轻微损坏。同一天,钓鱼岛号被棘鰭號潛艦的四枚鱼雷击中沉没,造成重大人员伤亡。第二天,日本航母部队遭到美国航母空袭,失去了“海洋”号航母。日军373架舰载机发动了四次袭击,只有130架返回航母。这些幸存者中的大部分人后来在被美国潜艇袭击时丧生。战斗到第二天结束后,日军损失了三艘航母和445名机组人员,433多架舰载机和约200架陆基飞机。美军损失了130架飞机和76名机组人员,其中许多损失是由于夜间返回航母的飞机燃油耗尽造成的。
菲律宾海的损失让日军有两个选择:全面进攻或者美军将切断日本和东南亚之间的海上交通线(英语:Sea lines of communication)。因此日军制定了一项计划,利用最后的剩余力量,重型巡洋舰和战列舰对莱特岛的美军滩头阵地发起决定性战斗。日军计划利用剩余的航母作为诱饵,引诱美国航母离开莱特湾足够长的时间,以便重型战舰进入并摧毁美国船只。
然而中央部队于10月23日离开文莱湾后,遭到两艘美国潜艇袭击,两艘重型巡洋舰沉没,另一艘受损。10月24日进入锡布延海后,中央部队遭到美国航母的袭击,迫使另一艘重型巡洋舰退出战斗,美军随后击沉了武藏号。中央部队的其它舰艇也遭到了袭击,但战斗仍在继续。美国航母认为他们的袭击使中央部队丧失了战斗力,于是向北航行,以应对北方部队的威胁。10月24日至25日晚,西村率领的南方部队试图从南部通过苏里高海峡进入莱特湾,由海军少将杰西·奥尔登多夫(英语:Jesse B. Oldendorf)率领的美澳部队伏击了日军。美国驱逐舰和海军炮火摧毁了日军两艘战列舰和三艘驱逐舰,只有一艘日本驱逐舰幸存。由于无线电静默,南方舰队无法与北方舰队协调行动,并在遭遇战中途抵达苏里高海峡;在遭到一次鱼雷攻击后,南方舰队撤退。
在莱特湾以北800公里的恩加诺角附近,美军向北方舰队出动了500多架飞机,以及水面巡洋舰和驱逐舰。四艘日本航母全部沉没,但日军成功地将美国航母从莱特湾引开。10月25日,日本和美国舰队之间的最后一场主要水面作战发生在萨马岛附近,中央舰队袭击了一群仅由驱逐舰和驱逐舰护航的美国护航航母。日军有四艘战列舰、六艘重型巡洋舰和两艘轻型巡洋舰,领导着两个驱逐舰中队。然而,日本损失惨重,四艘航母、三艘战列舰、六艘重型巡洋舰、四艘轻型巡洋舰和十一艘驱逐舰沉没,而美国损失了一艘轻型航母和两艘护航航母、两艘驱逐舰和两艘驱逐舰护航舰。莱特湾海战是第二次世界大战中规模最大的海战,也是历史上最大规模的海战(英语:Largest naval battle in history)。对日本来说,莱特湾的失败是灾难性的——日本海军在战斗中损失了有史以来最大的船只和人员。菲律宾不可避免的解放也意味着这些本土岛屿将与日本在东南亚被占领土的重要资源几乎隔绝。
6月和7月,被盟军推进绕过的日军试图突破四塘河(英语:Battle of the Sittang Bend),重新加入在缅甸南部德林达依省集结的缅甸地区军。日军伤亡了14000人,占兵力的一半。日军在缅甸共损失了大约15万人,只有1700名日本士兵投降被俘。当日本投降的消息传来时,盟军正准备在马来亚进行两栖登陆。
硫磺岛、冲绳岛和其它岛屿上的激烈战斗导致双方伤亡惨重,但最终导致日本战败。在保卫冲绳的117000名冲绳人和日军中,94%死亡。面对失去大多数经验丰富的飞行员,日军增加了神风特攻队的使用,试图给盟军造成不可接受的高伤亡。美国海军提议通过全面海上封锁和空袭迫使日本投降。许多军事历史学家认为,冲绳战役直接导致了原子弹爆炸,以此作为避免地面入侵的一种手段。维克托·戴维斯·汉森(英语:Victor Davis Hanson)解释了这一观点:“因为冲绳岛上的日军……在防御方面非常激烈(即使在被切断和没有补给的情况下),而且伤亡人数如此惊人,许多美国战略家在寻找直接入侵以外的征服日本本土的替代手段。随着原子弹的出现,这一手段出现了,它令人钦佩地说服日本人(无条件)要求和平,而美国没有伤亡。”
战争接近尾声时,随着战略轰炸变得越来越重要,美国太平洋战略空军(英语:United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific)在柯蒂斯·李梅上将的领导下成立了一个新的司令部,负责监督美国的所有战略轰炸。日本工业生产暴跌,67个城市近一半的建成区被B-29燃烧弹轰炸摧毁。1945年3月9日至10日,勒梅监督了会议室行动,300架B-29在日本首都东京投掷了1665吨炸弹,其中大部分是装有M-69燃烧弹的凝固汽油弹。这次袭击被视为历史上最具破坏性的轰炸袭击,一夜之间造成8万至10万人死亡,27万多栋建筑被毁,100多万人无家可归。在接下来的十天里,投掷了近10000枚炸弹,摧毁了东京、名古屋、大阪和神户31%的地区。
^Hara, Tameichi, with Fred Saito and Roger Pineau. Japanese Destroyer Captain (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2011), p. 299. Figure is for U.S. losses only. China, the British Commonwealth, the USSR and other nations collectively add several thousand more to this total.
^Eiji Murashima, "The Commemorative Character of Thai Historiography: The 1942–43 Thai Military Campaign in the Shan States Depicted as a Story of National Salvation and the Restoration of Thai Independence" Modern Asian Studies, v40, n4 (2006) pp. 1053–1096, p1057n:
^Michael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 ISBN 0-7864-1204-6. p. 556.
^Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931–1945 Transaction 2007 ISBN 978-0-7658-0352-8 p. 19
^E. Bruce Reynolds, "Aftermath of Alliance: The Wartime Legacy in Thai-Japanese Relations", Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, v21, n1, March 1990, pp. 66–87. "An OSS document (XL 30948, RG 226, USNA) quotes Thai Ministry of Interior figures of 8,711 air raids deaths in 1944–45 and damage to more than 10,000 buildings, most of them totally destroyed. However, an account by M. R. Seni Pramoj (a typescript entitled 'The Negotiations Leading to the Cessation of a State of War with Great Britain' and filed under Papers on World War II, at the Thailand Information Center, Chulalongkorn University, p. 12) indicates that only about 2,000 Thai died in air raids."}}
^Clodfelter, Micheal. Warfare and armed conflicts: a statistical reference to casualty and other figures 1500-2000. 2. ed. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. 2002. ISBN 978-0-7864-1204-4.缺少或|title=为空 (帮助) 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (link)
^George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War : 1 July 1939–30 June 1945. Washington, DC : Center of Military History, 1996. p. 202.
^Toshiyuki Tanaka. Japan's Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery and Prostitution During World War II. Routledge. 2003年8月: 第111頁. ISBN 9780415194013.使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
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