April 22
Day of the year
April 22 is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 253 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
1906 – The 1906 Intercalated Games open in Athens .[ 5] 1915 – World War I : The use of poison gas in World War I escalates when chlorine gas is released as a chemical weapon in the Second Battle of Ypres .1930 – The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting shipbuilding .1944 – The 1st Air Commando Group using Sikorsky R-4 helicopters stage the first use of helicopters in combat with combat search and rescue operations in the China Burma India Theater .1944 – World War II : Operation Persecution is initiated: Allied forces land in the Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura) area of New Guinea .
1944 – World War II: In Greenland , the Allied Sledge Patrol attack the German Bassgeiger weather station .[ 6]
1945 – World War II: Prisoners at the Jasenovac concentration camp revolt. Five hundred twenty are killed and around eighty escape.1945 – World War II: Sachsenhausen concentration camp is liberated by soldiers of the Red Army and Polish First Army .[ 7]
1948 – Arab–Israeli War : The port city of Haifa is captured by Jewish forces .1951 – Korean War : The Chinese People's Volunteer Army begin assaulting positions defended by the Royal Australian Regiment and the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry at the Battle of Kapyong .1954 – Red Scare : Witnesses begin testifying and live television coverage of the Army–McCarthy hearings begins.1966 – American Flyers Airline Flight 280/D crashes on approach to Ardmore Municipal Airport in Ardmore, Oklahoma , killing 83.[ 8] 1969 – British yachtsman Sir Robin Knox-Johnston wins the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race1969 – The formation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) is announced at a mass rally in Calcutta.
1970 – The first Earth Day is celebrated.[ 9] 1974 – Pan Am Flight 812 crashes on approach to Ngurah Rai International Airport in Denpasar , Bali , Indonesia , killing all 107 people on board.[ 10] 1977 – Optical fiber is first used to carry live telephone traffic.1992 – A series of gas explosions rip through the streets in Guadalajara , Mexico, killing 206.[ 11] 1993 – Eighteen-year-old Stephen Lawrence is murdered in a racially motivated attack while waiting for a bus in Well Hall , Eltham .[ 12] 2005 – Japan's Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi apologizes for Japan's war record.2016 – The Paris Agreement is signed, an agreement to help fight global warming.2020 – Four police officers are killed after being struck by a truck on the Eastern Freeway in Melbourne while speaking to a speeding driver, marking the largest loss of police lives in Victoria Police history.[ 13]
Births
Pre-1600
1610 – Pope Alexander VIII (d. 1691)1658 – Giuseppe Torelli , Italian violinist and composer (d. 1709)1690 – John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville , English politician, Lord President of the Council (d. 1763)1707 – Henry Fielding , English novelist and playwright (d. 1754)1711 – Paul II Anton, Prince Esterházy , Austrian soldier (d. 1762)1724 – Immanuel Kant , German anthropologist, philosopher, and academic (d. 1804)1732 – John Johnson , English architect and surveyor (d. 1814)1744 – James Sullivan , American lawyer and politician, 7th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1808)1766 – Germaine de Staël , French author and political philosopher (d. 1817)1812 – Solomon Caesar Malan , Swiss-English orientalist (d. 1894)1816 – Charles-Denis Bourbaki , French general (d. 1897)1830 – Emily Davies , British suffragist and educator, co-founder and an early Mistress of Girton College, Cambridge University (d. 1921)[ 14] [ 15] 1832 – Julius Sterling Morton , American journalist and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Agriculture (d. 1902)1844 – Lewis Powell , American soldier, attempted assassin of William H. Seward (d. 1865)1852 – William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1912)1854 – Henri La Fontaine , Belgian lawyer and author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1943)1858 – Ethel Smyth , English composer (d. 1944)[ 16] 1858 – Fritz Mayer van den Bergh , Belgian art collector and art historian (d. 1901)[ 17]
1870 – Vladimir Lenin , Russian revolutionary and founder of Soviet Russia (d. 1924)1872 – Princess Margaret of Prussia (d. 1954)1873 – Ellen Glasgow , American author (d. 1945)1874 – Wu Peifu , Chinese warlord, politician, and marshal of the Beiyang Army (d. 1939)[ 18] 1876 – Róbert Bárány , Austrian-Swedish otologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1936)1876 – Georg Lurich , Estonian wrestler and strongman (d. 1920)
1879 – Bernhard Gregory , Estonian-German chess player (d. 1939)1884 – Otto Rank , Austrian-American psychologist and academic (d. 1939)1886 – Izidor Cankar , Slovenian historian, author, and diplomat (d. 1958)1887 – Harald Bohr , Danish mathematician and footballer (d. 1951)[ 19] 1889 – Richard Glücks , German SS officer (d. 1945)1891 – Laura Gilpin , American photographer (d. 1979)1891 – Vittorio Jano , Italian engineer (d. 1965)
1891 – Harold Jeffreys , English mathematician, geophysicist, and astronomer (d. 1989)
1891 – Nicola Sacco , Italian-American anarchist (d. 1927)
1892 – Vernon Johns , African-American minister and activist (d. 1965)1899 – Vladimir Nabokov , Russian-born novelist and critic (d. 1977)1900 – Nellie Beer , British politician, Lord Mayor of Manchester (d. 1988)[ 20]
1904 – J. Robert Oppenheimer , American physicist and academic (d. 1967)1905 – Robert Choquette , American-Canadian author, poet, and diplomat (d. 1991)1906 – Eric Fenby , English composer and educator (d. 1997)1906 – Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten (d. 1947)
1909 – Rita Levi-Montalcini , Italian neurologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)1909 – Indro Montanelli , Italian journalist and historian (d. 2001)
1909 – Spyros Markezinis , Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2000)
1910 – Norman Steenrod , American mathematician and academic (d. 1971)1912 – Kathleen Ferrier , English operatic singer (d. 1953)1912 – Kaneto Shindo , Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012)
1914 – Baldev Raj Chopra , Indian director and producer (d. 2008)1914 – Jan de Hartog , Dutch-American author and playwright (d. 2002)
1914 – José Quiñones Gonzales , Peruvian soldier and pilot (d. 1941)
1914 – Michael Wittmann , German SS officer (d. 1944)
1916 – Hanfried Lenz , German mathematician and academic (d. 2013)1916 – Yehudi Menuhin , American-Swiss violinist and conductor (d. 1999)
1917 – Yvette Chauviré , French ballerina (d. 2016)1917 – Sidney Nolan , Australian painter (d. 1992)
1918 – William Jay Smith , American poet and academic (d. 2015)1918 – Mickey Vernon , American baseball player and coach (d. 2008)
1919 – Donald J. Cram , American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)1919 – Carl Lindner, Jr. , American businessman and philanthropist (d. 2011)
1922 – Richard Diebenkorn , American soldier and painter (d. 1993)1922 – Charles Mingus , American bassist, composer, and bandleader (d. 1979)
1922 – Wolf V. Vishniac , American microbiologist and academic (d. 1973)
1923 – Peter Kane Dufault , American soldier, pilot, and poet (d. 2013)1923 – Bettie Page , American model and actress (d. 2008)
1923 – Aaron Spelling , American actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2006)
1924 – Nam Duck-woo , South Korean politician, 12th Prime Minister of South Korea (d. 2013)1926 – Charlotte Rae , American actress and singer (d. 2018)1926 – James Stirling , Scottish architect, designed the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart and Seeley Historical Library (d. 1992)
1927 – Laurel Aitken , Cuban-Jamaican singer (d. 2005)1928 – Estelle Harris , American actress and comedian (d. 2022)[ 21] 1929 – Michael Atiyah , English-Lebanese mathematician and academic (d. 2019)1929 – Robert Wade-Gery , English diplomat, British High Commissioner to India (d. 2015)
1930 – Enno Penno , Estonian politician, Prime Minister of Estonia in exile (d. 2016)1931 – John Buchanan , Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 2019)1931 – Ronald Hynd , English dancer and choreographer
1933 – Anthony Llewellyn , Welsh-American chemist and astronaut (d. 2013)1935 – Christopher Ball , English linguist and academic1935 – Paul Chambers , African-American bassist and composer (d. 1969)
1935 – Bhama Srinivasan , Indian-American mathematician and academic
1936 – Glen Campbell , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (d. 2017)1936 – Pierre Hétu , Canadian pianist and conductor (d. 1998)
1937 – Jack Nicholson , American actor and producer1937 – Jack Nitzsche , American singer-songwriter, pianist, and conductor (d. 2000)
1938 – Alan Bond , English-Australian businessman (d. 2015)1938 – Gani Fawehinmi , Nigerian lawyer and activist (d. 2009)
1938 – Issey Miyake , Japanese fashion designer (d. 2022)
1938 – Adam Raphael , English journalist and author
1939 – Mel Carter , American singer and actor1939 – John Foley , English general and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey
1939 – Ray Guy , Canadian journalist and author (d. 2013)
1939 – Jason Miller , American actor and playwright (d. 2001)
1939 – Theodor Waigel , German lawyer and politician, German Federal Minister of Finance
1941 – Greville Howard, Baron Howard of Rising , English politician1942 – Giorgio Agamben , Italian philosopher and academic1942 – Mary Prior , English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Bristol
1943 – Keith Crisco , American businessman and politician (d. 2014)1943 – Janet Evanovich , American author
1943 – Louise Glück , American poet (d. 2023)
1943 – John Maples, Baron Maples , English lawyer and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Defence (d. 2012)
1943 – Scott W. Williams , American mathematician and professor
1944 – Steve Fossett , American businessman, pilot, and sailor (d. 2007)1944 – Doug Jarrett , Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2014)
1944 – Joshua Rifkin , American conductor and musicologist
1945 – Gopalkrishna Gandhi , Indian civil servant and politician, 22nd Governor of West Bengal 1945 – Demetrio Stratos , Greek-Egyptian singer-songwriter (d. 1979)
1946 – Steven L. Bennett , American captain and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1972)1946 – Paul Davies , English physicist and author
1946 – Louise Harel , Canadian lawyer and politician
1946 – Archy Kirkwood, Baron Kirkwood of Kirkhope , Scottish lawyer and politician
1946 – Nicholas Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford , English economist and academic
1946 – John Waters , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1948 – John Pritchard , English bishop1949 – Spencer Haywood , American basketball player[ 22] 1950 – Peter Frampton , English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer1950 – Jancis Robinson , English journalist and critic
1951 – Aivars Kalējs , Latvian organist, composer, and pianist1951 – Ana María Shua , Argentinian author and poet
1957 – Donald Tusk , Polish journalist and politician, 14th Prime Minister of Poland 1959 – Terry Francona , American baseball player and manager[ 23] 1959 – Ryan Stiles , American-Canadian actor and comedian[ 24]
1960 – Mart Laar , Estonian historian and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Estonia 1961 – Jeff Hostetler , American football player[ 25] 1961 – Alo Mattiisen , Estonian composer (d. 1996)
1962 – Jeff Minter , British video game designer and programmer[ 26] 1962 – Danièle Sauvageau , Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1963 – Rosalind Gill , English sociologist and academic1963 – Sean Lock , English comedian and actor (d. 2021)[ 27]
1966 – Mickey Morandini , American baseball player and manager1966 – Jeffrey Dean Morgan , American actor[ 28]
1967 – David J. C. MacKay , English physicist, engineer, and academic (d. 2016)1967 – Sherri Shepherd , American actress, comedian, and television personality[ 29]
1970 – Regine Velasquez , Filipino singer and actress[ 30] 1976 – Dan Cloutier , Canadian ice hockey player and coach1978 – Paul Malakwen Kosgei , Kenyan runner and coach1979 – Zoltán Gera , Hungarian international footballer and manager[ 31] 1979 – Daniel Johns , Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1980 – Quincy Timberlake , Kenyan-Australian activist, engineer, and politician1982 – Kaká , Brazilian footballer1983 – Sam W. Heads , English-American entomologist and palaeontologist1983 – Shkëlzen Shala , Albanian entrepreneur and veganism activist
1986 – Amber Heard , American actress[ 32] 1986 – Marshawn Lynch , American football player[ 33]
1987 – David Luiz , Brazilian footballer[ 34] 1988 – Dee Strange-Gordon , American baseball player[ 35] 1990 – Machine Gun Kelly , American rapper, singer, songwriter, actor[ 36] 1990 – Kevin Kiermaier , American baseball player[ 37]
1990 – Eve Muirhead , Scottish curler[ 38]
1991 – Danni Wyatt , English cricketer[ 39] [ 40] 2011 – Violet McGraw , American actress[ 41]
Deaths
Pre-1600
1616 – Miguel de Cervantes , Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright (b. 1547)1672 – Georg Stiernhielm , Swedish linguist and poet (b. 1598)1699 – Hans Erasmus Aßmann , German poet (b. 1646)1758 – Antoine de Jussieu , French botanist and physician (b. 1686)1778 – James Hargreaves , British inventor (b. 1720)1806 – Pierre-Charles Villeneuve , French admiral (b. 1763)1821 – Gregory V of Constantinople , Greek patriarch and saint (b. 1746)1833 – Richard Trevithick , English engineer and explorer (b. 1771)1850 – Friedrich Robert Faehlmann , Estonian philologist and physician (b. 1798)1854 – Nicolás Bravo , Mexican general and politician, 11th President of Mexico (b. 1786)1871 – Martín Carrera , Mexican general and president (1855) (b. 1806)[ 44] 1877 – James P. Kirkwood , Scottish-American engineer (b. 1807)1892 – Édouard Lalo , French violinist and composer (b. 1823)1893 – Chaim Aronson , Lithuanian businessman and author (b. 1825)1894 – Kostas Krystallis , Greek author and poet (b. 1868)1896 – Thomas Meik , English engineer, founded Halcrow Group (b. 1812)
1908 – Henry Campbell-Bannerman , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1836)1925 – André Caplet , French composer and conductor (b. 1878)1929 – Henry Lerolle , French painter and art collector (b. 1848)1932 – Ferenc Oslay , Hungarian-Slovene historian and author (b. 1883)1933 – Henry Royce , English engineer and businessman, co-founded Rolls-Royce Limited (b. 1863)1945 – Wilhelm Cauer , German mathematician and academic (b. 1900)1945 – Käthe Kollwitz , German painter and sculptor (b. 1867)
1950 – Charles Hamilton Houston , American lawyer and academic (b. 1895)1951 – Horace Donisthorpe , English myrmecologist and coleopterist (b. 1870)1978 – Will Geer , American actor (b. 1902)1980 – Jane Froman , American actress and singer (b. 1907)1980 – Fritz Strassmann , German chemist and physicist (b. 1902)
1983 – Earl Hines , American pianist and bandleader (b. 1903)1984 – Ansel Adams , American photographer and environmentalist (b. 1902)1985 – Paul Hugh Emmett , American chemist and academic (b. 1900)1985 – Jacques Ferron , Canadian physician and author (b. 1921)
1986 – Mircea Eliade , Romanian historian and author (b. 1907)1987 – Erika Nõva , Estonian architect (b. 1905)1988 – Grigori Kuzmin , Russian-Estonian astronomer and academic (b. 1917)1988 – Irene Rich , American actress (b. 1891)
1989 – Emilio G. Segrè , Italian-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)1990 – Albert Salmi , American actor (b. 1928)1994 – Richard Nixon , 37th President of the United States (b. 1913)1995 – Jane Kenyon , American poet and author (b. 1947)1996 – Erma Bombeck , American journalist and author (b. 1927)1996 – Jug McSpaden , American golfer and architect (b. 1908)
1999 – Munir Ahmad Khan , Pakistani nuclear engineer (b. 1926)2003 – Felice Bryant , American songwriter (b. 1925)2005 – Erika Fuchs , German translator (b. 1906)[ 45] 2005 – Philip Morrison , American physicist and academic (b. 1915)
2005 – Eduardo Paolozzi , Scottish sculptor and artist (b. 1924)
2006 – Henriette Avram , American computer scientist and academic (b. 1919)2006 – Alida Valli , Italian actress (b. 1921)
2007 – Juanita Millender-McDonald , American educator and politician (b. 1938)2009 – Jack Cardiff , British cinematographer, director and photographer (b. 1914)2010 – Richard Barrett , American lawyer and activist (b. 1943)2012 – George Rathmann , American chemist, biologist, and businessman (b. 1927)2013 – Richie Havens , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1941)2013 – Lalgudi Jayaraman , Indian violinist and composer (b. 1930)
2013 – Robert Suderburg , American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1936)
2014 – Oswaldo Vigas , Venezuelan painter (b. 1926)2015 – Dick Balharry , Scottish environmentalist and photographer (b. 1937)2017 – Donna Leanne Williams , Australian writer, artist, and activist (b. 1963)2020 – Shirley Knight , American actress (b. 1936)[ 46] 2021 – Adrian Garrett , American professional baseball player (b. 1943)[ 47] 2022 – Guy Lafleur , Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1951)[ 48] 2023 – Len Goodman , English ballroom dancer and television personality (b. 1944)[ 49]
Holidays and observances
References
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