August 7
Day of the year
August 7 is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 146 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
1909 – Alice Huyler Ramsey and three friends become the first women to complete a transcontinental auto trip, taking 59 days to travel from New York, New York to San Francisco, California .[ 19] 1927 – The Peace Bridge opens between Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York .[ 20] 1930 – The last confirmed lynching of black people in the Northern United States occurs in Marion, Indiana ; two men, Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith , are killed.[ 21] 1933 – The Kingdom of Iraq slaughters over 3,000 Assyrians in the village of Simele. This date is recognized as Martyrs Day or National Day of Mourning by the Assyrian community in memory of the Simele massacre.[ 22] 1942 – World War II : The Battle of Guadalcanal begins as the United States Marines initiate the first American offensive of the war with landings on Guadalcanal and Tulagi in the Solomon Islands .[ 23] 1944 – IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator , the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the Harvard Mark I ).[ 24] 1946 – The government of the Soviet Union presented a note to its Turkish counterparts which refuted the latter's sovereignty over the Turkish Straits , thus beginning the Turkish Straits crisis .[ 25] 1947 – Thor Heyerdahl 's balsa wood raft, the Kon-Tiki reef at Raroia in the Tuamotu Islands after a 101-day, 7,000 kilometres (4,300 mi) journey across the Pacific Ocean in an attempt to prove that pre-historic peoples could have traveled from South America.[ 26] 1947 – The Bombay Municipal Corporation formally takes over the Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST).[ 27]
1959 – Explorer program : Explorer 6 Atlantic Missile Range in Cape Canaveral, Florida .[ 28] 1960 – Ivory Coast becomes independent from France.[ 29] 1962 – Canadian-born American pharmacologist Frances Oldham Kelsey is awarded the U.S. President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service for her refusal to authorize thalidomide .[ 30] 1964 – Vietnam War : The U.S. Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution giving U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson broad war powers to deal with North Vietnamese attacks on American forces.[ 31] [ 32] 1969 – Richard Nixon appoints Luis R. Bruce, a Mohawk -Oglala Sioux and co-founder of the National Congress of American Indians , as the new commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs .[ 12] 1970 – California judge Harold Haley is taken hostage in his courtroom and killed during an effort to free George Jackson from police custody.[ 33] 1974 – Philippe Petit performs a high wire act between the twin towers of the World Trade Center 1,368 feet (417 m) in the air.[ 34] 1976 – Viking program : Viking 2 Mars .[ 35] 1978 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter declares a federal emergency at Love Canal due to toxic waste that had been disposed of negligently.[ 36] 1981 – The Washington Star [ 37] 1985 – Takao Doi , Mamoru Mohri and Chiaki Mukai are chosen to be Japan's first astronauts .[ 38] 1987 – Cold War : Lynne Cox becomes the first person to swim from the United States to the Soviet Union , crossing the Bering Strait from Little Diomede Island in Alaska to Big Diomede in the Soviet Union.[ 39] 1989 – U.S. Congressman Mickey Leland (D-TX ) and 15 others die in a plane crash in Ethiopia .[ 40] 1990 – First American soldiers arrive in Saudi Arabia as part of the Gulf War .[ 41] 1993 – Ada Deer , a Menominee activist, is sworn in as the head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs .[ 12] 1995 – The Chilean government declares state of emergency in the southern half of the country in response to an event of intense, cold, wind, rain and snowfall known as the White Earthquake .[ 42] 1997 – Space Shuttle Program : The Space Shuttle Discovery STS-85 from the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida.[ 43] 1997 – Fine Air Flight 101 crashes after takeoff from Miami International Airport , killing five people.[ 44]
1998 – Bombings at United States embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya kill approximately 212 people.[ 45] 1999 – The Chechnya -based Islamic International Brigade invades neighboring Dagestan .[ 46] 2007 – At AT&T Park , Barry Bonds hits his 756th career home run to surpass Hank Aaron 's 33-year-old record.[ 47] 2008 – The start of the Russo-Georgian War over the territory of South Ossetia .[ 48] 2020 – Air India Express Flight 1344 overshoots the runway at Calicut International Airport in the Malappuram district of Kerala , India , and crashes, killing 21 of the 190 people on board.[ 49]
Births
Pre-1600
1613 – William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz , Dutch stadtholder (d. 1664)1702 – Muhammad Shah , Mughal emperor of India (d. 1748)1726 – James Bowdoin , American banker and politician, 2nd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1790)1742 – Nathanael Greene , American general (d. 1786)1751 – Wilhelmina of Prussia, Princess of Orange (d. 1820)1779 – Carl Ritter , German geographer and academic (d. 1859)
1826 – August Ahlqvist , Finnish professor, poet, scholar of the Finno-Ugric languages , author, and literary critic (d. 1889)[ 51] 1844 – Auguste Michel-Lévy , French geologist and author (d. 1911)1862 – Henri Le Sidaner , French painter (d. 1939)1862 – Victoria of Baden (d. 1931)
1867 – Emil Nolde , Danish-German painter and illustrator (d. 1956)1868 – Ladislaus Bortkiewicz , Russian-German economist and statistician (d. 1931)1868 – Huntley Wright , English actor (d. 1941)
1869 – Mary Frances Winston , American mathematician (d. 1959)[ 52] 1876 – Mata Hari , Dutch dancer and spy (d. 1917)1879 – Johannes Kotze , South African cricketer (d. 1931)1884 – Billie Burke , American actress and singer (d. 1970)1884 – Nikolai Triik , Estonian painter and illustrator (d. 1940)
1887 – Anna Elisabet Weirauch , German author and playwright (d. 1970)1890 – Elizabeth Gurley Flynn , American author and activist (d. 1964)
1901 – Ann Harding , American actress and singer (d. 1981)1903 – Louis Leakey , Kenyan-English palaeontologist and archaeologist (d. 1972)1904 – Ralph Bunche , American political scientist, academic, and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)[ 53] 1907 – Albert Kotin , Belarusian-American soldier and painter (d. 1980)1911 – István Bibó , Hungarian lawyer and politician (d. 1979)1911 – Nicholas Ray , American director and screenwriter (d. 1979)
1916 – Kermit Love , American actor, puppeteer, and costume designer (d. 2008)1918 – C. Buddingh' , Dutch poet and translator (d. 1985)1918 – Gordon Zahn , American sociologist and author (d. 2007)
1921 – Manitas de Plata , French guitarist (d. 2014)1921 – Karel Husa , Czech-American composer and conductor (d. 2016)
1925 – Felice Bryant , American songwriter (d. 2003)1926 – Stan Freberg , American puppeteer, voice actor, and singer (d. 2015)1927 – Edwin Edwards , American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 50th Governor of Louisiana (d. 2021)[ 54] 1928 – Betsy Byars , American author and academic (d. 2020)1928 – Owen Luder , English architect, designed Tricorn Centre and Trinity Square (d. 2021)
1928 – James Randi , Canadian-American stage magician and author (d. 2020)[ 55]
1929 – Don Larsen , American baseball player (d. 2020)[ 56] 1930 – Togrul Narimanbekov , Azerbaijani-French painter and academic (d. 2013)1930 – Veljo Tormis , Estonian composer and educator (d. 2017)
1932 – Abebe Bikila , Ethiopian runner (d. 1973)1932 – Edward Hardwicke , English actor (d. 2011)
1932 – Rien Poortvliet , Dutch painter and illustrator (d. 1995)
1932 – Maurice Rabb, Jr. , American ophthalmologist and academic (d. 2005)
1933 – Eddie Firmani , South African footballer and manager1933 – Elinor Ostrom , American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
1933 – Jerry Pournelle , American journalist and author (d. 2017)
1933 – Alberto Romulo , Filipino politician and diplomat
1934 – Sándor Simó , Hungarian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2001)1935 – Lee Corso , American college football coach and broadcaster[ 57] 1935 – Rahsaan Roland Kirk , American saxophonist and composer (d. 1977)
1937 – Zoltán Berczik , Hungarian table tennis player and coach (d. 2011)1937 – Don Wilson , English cricketer and coach (d. 2012)
1938 – Giorgetto Giugiaro , Italian automotive designer[ 58] 1940 – Jean-Luc Dehaene , French-Belgian lawyer and politician, 63rd Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 2014)1940 – Uwe Nettelbeck , German record producer, journalist and film critic (d. 2007)[ 59]
1941 – Matthew Evans, Baron Evans of Temple Guiting , English publisher and politician (d. 2016)1942 – Garrison Keillor , American humorist, novelist, short story writer, and radio host1942 – Carlos Monzón , Argentinian boxer and actor (d. 1995)
1942 – Caetano Veloso , Brazilian singer-songwriter, writer and producer
1942 – Richard Sykes , English biochemist and academic
1942 – B. J. Thomas , American singer (d. 2021)[ 60]
1943 – Mohammed Badie , Egyptian religious leader1943 – Lana Cantrell , Australian singer-songwriter and lawyer
1943 – Alain Corneau , French director and screenwriter (d. 2010)
1944 – John Glover , American actor1944 – Robert Mueller , American soldier and lawyer, 6th Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
1945 – Kenny Ireland , Scottish actor and director (d. 2014)1945 – Alan Page , American football player and jurist
1947 – Franciscus Henri , Dutch-Australian singer-songwriter1947 – Sofia Rotaru , Ukrainian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
1948 – Marty Appel , American businessman and author1948 – Greg Chappell , Australian cricketer and coach
1949 – Walid Jumblatt , Lebanese journalist and politician1949 – Matthew Parris , South African-English journalist and politician
1950 – Rodney Crowell , American singer-songwriter and guitarist1950 – Alan Keyes , American politician and diplomat, 16th Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs
1950 – S. Thandayuthapani , Sri Lankan educator and politician
1952 – Caroline Aaron , American actress and producer1952 – Eamonn Darcy , Irish golfer
1952 – Kees Kist , Dutch footballer
1952 – Alexei Sayle , English comedian, actor, and author
1953 – Anne Fadiman , American journalist and author1954 – Valery Gazzaev , Russian footballer, manager and politician1954 – Jonathan Pollard , Israeli spy
1954 – Alan Reid , Scottish politician
1955 – Wayne Knight , American actor, comedian and voice actor1955 – Greg Nickels , American lawyer and politician, 51st Mayor of Seattle
1955 – Vladimir Sorokin , Russian author and playwright
1957 – Daire Brehan , Irish journalist, lawyer, and actress (d. 2012)1957 – Alexander Dityatin , Russian gymnast and colonel
1958 – Russell Baze , Canadian-American jockey1958 – Bruce Dickinson , English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1958 – Alberto Salazar , Cuban-American runner and coach
1959 – Koenraad Elst , Belgian orientalist and author1959 – Ali Shah , Zimbabwean cricketer and coach
1960 – David Duchovny , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter1961 – Brian Conley , English actor and singer1961 – Yelena Davydova , Russian gymnast
1961 – Walter Swinburn , English jockey and trainer (d. 2016)
1961 – Carlos Vives , Colombian singer, songwriter, and actor[ 61]
1962 – Alison Brown , American banjo player, songwriter, and producer1963 – Paul Dunn , Australian rugby league player1963 – Nick Gillespie , American journalist and author
1963 – Marcus Roberts , American pianist and educator
1964 – John Birmingham , English-Australian journalist and author1964 – Ian Dench , English guitarist and songwriter
1964 – Peter Niven , Scottish jockey
1965 – Raul Malo , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer1965 – Elizabeth Manley , Canadian figure skater
1966 – David Cairns , Scottish laicised priest and politician, Minister of State for Scotland (d. 2011)1966 – Shobna Gulati , British actress
1966 – Kristin Hersh , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1966 – Jimmy Wales , American-British entrepreneur, co-founder of Wikipedia
1967 – Jason Grimsley , American baseball player1968 – Francesca Gregorini , Italian-American director and screenwriter1968 – Trevor Hendy , Australian surfer and coach
1968 – Sophie Lee , Australian actress and author
1969 – Markus Bundi , Swiss writer[ 62] 1969 – Paul Lambert , Scottish footballer and manager
1969 – Dana G. Peleg , Israeli writer and LGBT activist
1970 – Eric Namesnik , American swimmer (d. 2006)1971 – Dominic Cork , England cricketer and sportscaster1971 – Rachel York , American actress and singer
1972 – Gerry Peñalosa , Filipino boxer and promoter1973 – Mikhail Gorsheniov , Russian singer-songwriter (d. 2013)1973 – Danny Graves , Vietnamese-American baseball player
1973 – Kevin Muscat , English-Australian footballer, coach, and manager
1974 – Chico Benymon , American actor1974 – Michael Shannon , American actor
1975 – Koray Candemir , Turkish singer-songwriter1975 – Gerard Denton , Australian cricketer
1975 – Megan Gale , Australian model and actress
1975 – Ray Hill , American football player (d. 2015)
1975 – Rebecca Kleefisch , American journalist and politician, 44th Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin
1975 – Édgar Rentería , Colombian baseball player
1975 – Charlize Theron , South African actress[ 63] [ 64]
1976 – Dimitrios Eleftheropoulos , Greek footballer and manager1976 – Shane Lechler , American football player
1977 – Charlotte Ronson , English fashion designer1977 – Samantha Ronson , English singer-songwriter and DJ
1977 – Justin Brooker , Rugby League Player
1978 – Alexandre Aja , French director, producer, and screenwriter1978 – Jamey Jasta , American singer-songwriter
1978 – Mark McCammon , English-Barbadian footballer
1978 – Cirroc Lofton , American actor
1979 – Eric Johnson , American actor, director, and screenwriter1979 – Miguel Llera , Spanish footballer
1979 – Birgit Zotz , Austrian anthropologist and author
1980 – Carsten Busch , German footballer1980 – Aurélie Claudel , French model and actress
1980 – Tácio Caetano Cruz Queiroz , Brazilian footballer
1980 – Seiichiro Maki , Japanese footballer
1981 – David Testo , American soccer player1981 – Randy Wayne , American actor and producer
1982 – Ángeles Balbiani , Argentine actress and singer1982 – Abbie Cornish , Australian actress
1982 – Juan Martín Hernández , Argentine rugby player
1982 – Marquise Hill , American football player (d. 2007)
1982 – Vassilis Spanoulis , Greek basketball player
1982 – Martin Vučić , Macedonian singer and drummer
1983 – Christian Chávez , Mexican singer-songwriter and actor1983 – Murat Dalkılıç , Turkish singer-songwriter
1983 – Danny , Portuguese footballer
1983 – Andriy Hrivko , Ukrainian cyclist
1983 – Mark Pettini , English cricketer and journalist
1984 – Stratos Perperoglou , Greek basketball player1984 – Tooba Siddiqui , Pakistani model and actress
1984 – Yun Hyon-seok , South Korean poet and author (d. 2003)
1986 – Paul Biedermann , German swimmer1986 – Valter Birsa , Slovenian footballer
1986 – Altaír Jarabo , Mexican model and actress
1986 – Juan de la Rosa , Mexican boxer
1987 – Sidney Crosby , Canadian ice hockey player1987 – Mustapha Dumbuya , Sierra Leonean footballer
1987 – Ryan Lavarnway , American baseball player
1987 – Rouven Sattelmaier , German footballer
1988 – Jonathan Bernier , Canadian ice hockey player1988 – Mohamed Coulibaly , Senegalese footballer
1988 – Anisa Mohammed , West Indian cricketer
1988 – Melody Oliveria , American blogger
1988 – Erik Pieters , Dutch footballer
1988 – Beanie Wells , American football player
1989 – DeMar DeRozan , American basketball player1990 – Jake Allen , Canadian ice hockey player[ 65] 1990 – Josh Franceschi , English singer-songwriter
1991 – Luis Salom , Spanish motorcycle racer (d. 2016)1991 – Mitchell te Vrede , Dutch footballer
1992 – Adam Yates , English cyclist1992 – Simon Yates , English cyclist
1992 – Wout Weghorst , Dutch footballer[ 66]
1993 – Francesca Eastwood , American actress and television personality[ 67] 1993 – Martti Nõmme , Estonian ski jumper
1993 – Karol Zalewski , Polish sprinter
1996 – Dani Ceballos , Spanish footballer[ 68] 1997 – Matty Cash , Polish footballer[ 69] 1997 – Kyler Murray , American football player[ 70]
1998 – Vladimir Barbu , Italian diver1998 – María Belén Bazo , Peruvian windsurfer[ 71]
1998 – Jalen Hurts , American football player[ 72]
1999 – Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone , American hurdler and sprinter[ 73]
2000 – Lauren Hemp , English footballer[ 74]
Deaths
Pre-1600
461 – Majorian , Roman emperor (b. 420)707 – Li Chongjun , Chinese prince1028 – Alfonso V , king of León (b. 994)1106 – Henry IV , Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1050)1234 – Hugh Foliot , bishop of Hereford (b. c. 1155)1272 – Richard Middleton , English Lord Chancellor 1296 – Heinrich II von Rotteneck , prince-bishop of Regensburg1385 – Joan of Kent , mother of Richard II (b. 1328)1485 – Alexander Stewart , duke of Albany (b. 1454)1547 – Cajetan , Italian priest and saint (b. 1480)
1613 – Thomas Fleming , English judge and politician, Lord Chief Justice of England (b. 1544)1616 – Vincenzo Scamozzi , Italian architect, designed Teatro Olimpico (b. 1548)1632 – Robert de Vere, 19th Earl of Oxford , English soldier (b. 1575)1635 – Friedrich Spee , German poet and academic (b. 1591)1639 – Martin van den Hove , Dutch astronomer and mathematician (b. 1605)1661 – Jin Shengtan , Chinese journalist and critic (b. 1608)1787 – Francis Blackburne , English Anglican churchman and activist (b. 1705)1817 – Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours , French economist and politician (b. 1739)1834 – Joseph Marie Jacquard , French weaver and inventor, invented the Jacquard loom (b. 1752)1848 – Jöns Jacob Berzelius , Swedish chemist and academic (b. 1779)[ 75] 1855 – Mariano Arista , Mexican general and politician, 19th President of Mexico (b. 1802)1864 – Li Xiucheng , Chinese field marshal (b. 1823)1893 – Alfredo Catalani , Italian composer and academic (b. 1854)1899 – Jacob Maris , Dutch painter and educator (b. 1837)1900 – Wilhelm Liebknecht , German lawyer and politician (b. 1826)
1912 – François-Alphonse Forel , Swiss limnologist and academic (b. 1841)1917 – Edwin Harris Dunning , South African-English commander and pilot (b. 1891)1938 – Konstantin Stanislavski , Russian actor and director (b. 1863)1941 – Rabindranath Tagore , Indian author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1861)1948 – Charles Bryant , English-American actor and director (b. 1879)1953 – Abner Powell , American baseball player and manager (b. 1860)1957 – Oliver Hardy , American actor, singer, and director (b. 1892)1958 – Elizabeth Foreman Lewis , American author and educator (b. 1892)[ 76] 1960 – Luis Ángel Firpo , Argentine boxer (b. 1894)1963 – Ramon Vila Capdevila , last of the Spanish Maquis , holding out after the end of the Spanish Civil War (b. 1908)[ 77] 1968 – Giovanni Bracco , Italian race car driver (b. 1908)1969 – Jean Bastien , French professional footballer (b. 1915)1969 – Joseph Kosma , Hungarian-French composer (b. 1905)
1970 – Harold Haley , American lawyer and judge (b. 1904)1970 – Jonathan P. Jackson , American bodyguard and kidnapper (b. 1953)
1972 – Joi Lansing , American model, actress, and singer (b. 1929)1973 – Jack Gregory , Australian cricketer (b. 1895)1974 – Rosario Castellanos , Mexican poet and author (b. 1925)1974 – Sylvio Mantha , Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1902)
1978 – Eddie Calvert , English trumpeter (b. 1922)1981 – Gunnar Uusi , Estonian chess player (b. 1931)1985 – Grayson Hall , American actress (b. 1922)1987 – Camille Chamoun , Lebanese lawyer and politician, 7th President of Lebanon (b. 1900)1989 – Mickey Leland , American lawyer and politician (b. 1944)1994 – Larry Martyn , English actor (b. 1934)1995 – Brigid Brophy , English author and critic (b. 1929)[ 78] 2001 – Algirdas Lauritėnas , Lithuanian basketball player (b. 1932)2003 – K. D. Arulpragasam , Sri Lankan zoologist and academic (b. 1931)2003 – Mickey McDermott , American baseball player and coach (b. 1929)
2004 – Red Adair , American firefighter (b. 1915)2004 – Colin Bibby , English ornithologist and academic (b. 1948)
2005 – Peter Jennings , Canadian-American journalist and author (b. 1938)2005 – Ester Šimerová-Martinčeková , Slovak painter (b. 1909)[ 79]
2006 – Mary Anderson Bain , American lawyer and politician (b. 1911)2007 – Ernesto Alonso , Mexican actor, director, and producer (b. 1917)2007 – Angus Tait , New Zealand businessman, founded Tait Communications (b. 1919)
2008 – Bernie Brillstein , American talent agent and producer (b. 1931)2008 – Andrea Pininfarina , Italian engineer and businessman (b. 1957)
2009 – Louis E. Saavedra , American educator and politician, 48th Mayor of Albuquerque (b. 1933)2009 – Mike Seeger , American singer-songwriter (b. 1933)
2010 – John Nelder , English mathematician and statistician (b. 1924)2011 – Mark Hatfield , American soldier, academic, and politician, 29th Governor of Oregon (b. 1922)2011 – Nancy Wake , New Zealand-English captain and spy (b. 1912)
2012 – Murtuz Alasgarov , Azerbaijani academic and politician, Speaker of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan (b. 1928)2012 – Judith Crist , American critic and academic (b. 1922)
2012 – Vladimir Kobzev , Russian footballer and coach (b. 1959)
2012 – Anna Piaggi , Italian journalist and author (b. 1931)
2012 – Mayer Zald , American sociologist and academic (b. 1931)
2012 – Dušan Zbavitel , Czech indologist and author (b. 1925)
2013 – Samuel G. Armistead , American linguist, historian, and academic (b. 1927)2013 – Almir Kayumov , Russian footballer (b. 1964)
2013 – Anthony Pawson , English-Canadian biologist, chemist, and academic (b. 1952)
2013 – Margaret Pellegrini , American actress and dancer (b. 1923)
2013 – Meeli Truu , Estonian architect (b. 1946)
2013 – Alexander Yagubkin , Russian boxer (b. 1961)
2014 – Víctor Fayad , Argentine lawyer and politician (b. 1955)2014 – Perry Moss , American football player and coach (b. 1926)
2014 – Henry Stone , American record producer (b. 1921)
2015 – Manuel Contreras , Chilean general (b. 1929)2015 – Frances Oldham Kelsey , Canadian pharmacologist and physician (b. 1914)
2015 – Louise Suggs , American golfer, co-founded LPGA (b. 1923)
2016 – Bryan Clauson , American racing driver (b. 1989)2017 – Don Baylor , American baseball player (b. 1949)2017 – David Maslanka , American composer (b. 1943)
2018 – M. Karunanidhi , Indian politician, former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister and prominent leader of Tamils (b. 1924)2018 – Stan Mikita , Slovak hockey player (b. 1940)[ 80]
2019 – David Berman , American musician, singer, poet and cartoonist (b. 1967)[ 81] 2020 – Lê Khả Phiêu , Vietnamese politician (b. 1931)[ 82] 2021 – Markie Post , American actress (b. 1950)[ 83] 2021 – Trevor Moore , American comedian (b. 1980)[ 84]
2022 – David McCullough , American historian and author (b. 1933)[ 85] 2023 – William Friedkin , American film director (b. 1935)[ 86] 2024 – Jon McBride , American astronaut (b. 1943)[ 87]
Holidays and observances
References
^ John of Antioch, Historia chronike , fragment 203; Marcellinus, sa 461; Fasti vindobonenses priores Procopius (VII.14–15) does not mention the Emperor's return from Hispania and said that Majorian died of dysentery : it is possible that the news has been put about by Ricimer (Fik Meijer, Emperors Do not Die in Bed , Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0-415-31201-9 , p. 155). Victor of Tonnena erroneously claims that Majorian reached Rome and was killed there, and puts this event in 463 (Chronica , s.a. 463).
^ Kaegi, Walter Emil (2003). Heraclius: Emperor of Byzantium ISBN 978-0521814591 ^ Mann, Horace K. (1903). The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages, Vol. I: The Popes Under the Lombard Rule, Part 2 . p. 371. ^ Reuter, Timothy (1991). Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056 . Longman. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-582-49034-5 ^ Robinson, David M. (1999). "Politics, Force and Ethnicity in Ming China: Mongols and the Abortive Coup of 1461". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies . 59 (1): 79–123. doi :10.2307/2652684 . JSTOR 2652684 . ^ Delbruck, Hans (1985). History of the Art of War Volume IV: The Dawn of Modern Warfare . Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 4–7. ISBN 0-8032-6586-7 ^ Mills, James Cooke (1910). Our Inland Seas: Their Shipping & Commerce for Three Centuries ISBN 9780722201176 . Retrieved 8 February 2011 . ^ Mattila, Tapani (1983). Meri maamme turvana [Sea safeguarding our country ] (in Finnish). Jyväskylä: K. J. Gummerus Osakeyhtiö. pp. 41–43. ISBN 951-99487-0-8 ^ Shirokorad A.B. Northern Wars of Russia . Moscow, 2001 (in Russian)^ Merovuo, Jenni. "‘Divided and validated’? The institutionalization of the Russo-Swedish border region in the 1743 peace treaty." Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 66.4 (2017): pp. 283-293.
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