December 20
354th day of the year
Day of the year
December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 11 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
1915 – World War I : The last Australian troops are evacuated from Gallipoli .1917 – Cheka , the first Soviet secret police force, is founded.1924 – Adolf Hitler is released from Landsberg Prison .[ 8] 1940 – Captain America Comics Captain America , is published.[ 9] 1941 – World War II : First battle of the American Volunteer Group , better known as the "Flying Tigers ", in Kunming , China.1942 – World War II: Japanese air forces bomb Calcutta , India .1946 – It's a Wonderful Life Globe Theatre in New York to mixed reviews. [1] 1946 – An earthquake in Nankaidō, Japan causes a tsunami which kills at least one thousand people and destroys 36,000 homes.[ 10]
1948 – Indonesian National Revolution : The Dutch military captures Yogyakarta , the temporary capital of the newly formed Republic of Indonesia.1951 – The EBR-1 in Arco, Idaho becomes the first nuclear power plant to generate electricity. The electricity powered four light bulbs.1952 – A United States Air Force C-124 crashes and burns in Moses Lake, Washington , killing 87 of the 115 people on board.[ 11] 1955 – Cardiff is proclaimed the capital city of Wales , United Kingdom.[ 12] 1957 – The initial production version of the Boeing 707 makes its first flight.1960 – Vietnam War : The National Liberation Front of South Vietnam , popularly known as the Viet Cong, is formally established in Tân Lập village, present day Tây Ninh province .[ 13] 1967 – A Pennsylvania Railroad Budd Metroliner exceeds 249 kilometres per hour (155 mph) on their New York Division, also present-day Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor.1968 – The Zodiac Killer murders his first two officially confirmed victims, David Arthur Faraday and Betty Lou Jensen, on Lake Herman Road in Benicia, California , United States.[ 14] 1970 – Koza riot : After a series of hit-and-runs and other vehicular incidents involving American service personnel, roughly 5,000 Okinawans take to the streets, clashing with American law enforcement in protest against the U.S. occupation of Okinawa .[ 15] 1973 – Assassination of Luis Carrero Blanco : A car bomb planted by ETA in Madrid kills three people, including the Prime Minister of Spain , Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco .[ 16] 1977 – With the approval of the State Council , China ’s two largest newspapers, the People’s Daily Guangming Daily Second Chinese Character Simplification Scheme .[ 17] 1984 – The Summit Tunnel fire , one of the largest transportation tunnel fires in history, burns after a freight train carrying over one million liters of gasoline derails near the town of Todmorden , England, in the Pennines .1984 – Disappearance of Jonelle Matthews from Greeley, Colorado . Her remains were discovered on July 23, 2019, located about 24 km (15 mi) southeast of Jonelle's home.[ 18] [ 19] [ 20]
1985 – Pope John Paul II announces the institution of World Youth Day .1987 – In the worst peacetime sea disaster, the passenger ferry Doña Paz MT Vector in the Tablas Strait of the Philippines , killing an estimated 4,000 people (1,749 official).1988 – War on drugs : The United Nations agrees upon and promulgates the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances , one of three major drug control treaties currently in force.[ 21] 1989 – The United States invasion of Panama deposes Manuel Noriega .1991 – A Missouri court sentences the Palestinian militant Zein Isa and his wife Maria to death for the honor killing of their daughter Palestina .1995 – NATO begins peacekeeping in Bosnia .1995 – American Airlines Flight 965 , a Boeing 757 , crashes into a mountain 50 km north of Cali , Colombia , killing 159 of the 163 people on board.[ 22]
1999 – Macau is handed over to China by Portugal .2004 – A gang of thieves steal £26.5 million worth of currency from the Donegall Square West headquarters of Northern Bank in Belfast , Northern Ireland , United Kingdom, one of the largest bank robberies in British history.2004 – Cave Story releases to the public. [ 23] 2007 – Elizabeth II becomes the oldest monarch in the history of the United Kingdom, surpassing Queen Victoria , who lived for 81 years and 243 days.[ 24] 2007 – The Portrait of Suzanne Bloch Pablo Picasso , and O Lavrador de Café by Brazilian modernist painter Cândido Portinari , are stolen from the São Paulo Museum of Art in Brazil. Both will be recovered a few weeks later.[ 25]
2019 – The United States Space Force becomes the first new branch of the United States Armed Forces since 1947.[ 26]
Births
Pre-1600
1626 – Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff , German scholar and politician (d. 1692)1629 – Pieter de Hooch , Dutch painter (d. 1684)[ 28] 1641 – Urban Hjärne , Swedish chemist, geologist, and physician (d. 1724)[ 29] 1740 – Arthur Lee , American physician and diplomat (d. 1792)1786 – Pietro Raimondi , Italian composer (d. 1853)1792 – Nicolas Toussaint Charlet , French painter and educator (d. 1845)1806 – Martín Carrera , Mexican general and president (1855) (d. 1871)[ 30] 1812 – Laura M. Hawley Thurston , American poet and educator (d. 1842)[ 31] 1838 – Edwin Abbott Abbott , English theologian, author, and educator (d. 1926)1841 – Ferdinand Buisson , French academic and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1932)1851 – Knut Wicksell , Swedish economist (d. 1926)[ 32] 1861 – Ferdinand Bonn , German actor (d. 1933)1861 – Ivana Kobilca , Slovenian painter (d. 1926)
1865 – Elsie de Wolfe , American actress and interior decorator (d. 1950)1868 – Harvey Samuel Firestone , American businessman, founded the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (d. 1938)[ 33] 1869 – Charley Grapewin , American actor (d. 1956)[ 34] 1871 – Henry Kimball Hadley , American composer and conductor (d. 1937)[ 35] 1873 – Kan'ichi Asakawa , Japanese historian, author, and academic (d. 1948)1873 – Mehmet Akif Ersoy , Turkish poet, academic, and politician (d. 1936)
1881 – Branch Rickey , American baseball player and manager (d. 1965)1884 – Ruhana Kuddus , Indonesian activist and journalist (d. 1972)[ 36] 1886 – Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman , American tennis player and businessman (d. 1974)[ 37] 1888 – Yitzhak Baer , German-Israeli historian and academic (d. 1980)1888 – Fred Merkle , American baseball player and manager (d. 1956)
1890 – Yvonne Arnaud , French pianist, actress and singer (d. 1958)1890 – Jaroslav Heyrovský , Czech chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
1891 – Erik Almlöf , Swedish triple jumper (d. 1971)1894 – Robert Menzies , Australian lawyer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1978)1898 – Konstantinos Dovas , Greek general and politician, 156th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1973)1898 – Irene Dunne , American actress and singer (d. 1990)
1899 – Martyn Lloyd-Jones , Welsh preacher and physician (d. 1981)1900 – Lissy Arna , German actress (d. 1964)1900 – Gabby Hartnett , American baseball player and manager (d. 1972)[ 38]
1901 – Robert J. Van de Graaff , American physicist and academic, invented the Van de Graaff generator (d. 1967)[ 39] 1902 – Prince George, Duke of Kent (d. 1942)1902 – Sidney Hook , American philosopher and author (d. 1989)
1904 – Spud Davis , American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1984)1904 – Yevgenia Ginzburg , Russian author (d. 1977)
1905 – Bill O'Reilly , Australian cricketer and sportscaster (d. 1992)1907 – Paul Francis Webster , American soldier and songwriter (d. 1984)1908 – Dennis Morgan , American actor and singer (d. 1994)1909 – Vakkom Majeed , Indian journalist and politician (d. 2000)1911 – Hortense Calisher , American author (d. 2009)1914 – Harry F. Byrd Jr. , American lieutenant, publisher, and politician (d. 2013)1915 – Aziz Nesin , Turkish author and poet (d. 1995)1916 – Michel Chartrand , Canadian trade union leader and activist (d. 2010)1917 – David Bohm , American-English physicist, neuropsychologist, and philosopher (d. 1992)1917 – Cahit Külebi , Turkish poet and author (d. 1997)
1917 – Audrey Totter , American actress (d. 2013)
1918 – Jean Marchand , Canadian trade union leader and politician, 43rd Secretary of State for Canada (d. 1988)1920 – Väinö Linna , Finnish author (d. 1992)[ 40] 1921 – George Roy Hill , American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2002)[ 41] 1922 – Beverly Pepper , American sculptor and painter (d. 2020)1922 – William Soeryadjaya , Chinese-Indonesian businessman and co-founder of Astra International (d. 2010)[ 42]
1924 – Charlie Callas , American actor and comedian (d. 2011)1924 – Judy LaMarsh , Canadian soldier, lawyer, and politician, 42nd Secretary of State for Canada (d. 1980)[ 43]
1925 – Benito Lorenzi , Italian footballer (d. 2007)1926 – Geoffrey Howe , Welsh lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2015)1926 – Otto Graf Lambsdorff , German lawyer and politician, German Federal Minister of Economics (d. 2009)
1927 – Michael Beaumont, 22nd Seigneur of Sark , English engineer and politician (d. 2016)1927 – Jim Simpson , American sportscaster (d. 2016)[ 44]
1927 – Kim Young-sam , South Korean soldier and politician, 7th President of South Korea (d. 2015)
1928 – John Menkes , Austrian-American pediatric and writer (d. 2008)[ 45] 1929 – Don Sunderlage , American basketball player (d. 1961)[ 46] 1931 – Mala Powers , American actress (d. 2007)1932 – John Hillerman , American actor (d. 2017)[ 47] 1933 – Olavi Salonen , Finnish runner1933 – Rik Van Looy , Belgian cyclist (d. 2024)
1935 – Khalid Ibadulla , Pakistani cricketer and sportscaster (d. 2024)1939 – Kathryn Joosten , American actress (d. 2012)1939 – Kim Weston , American soul singer
1942 – Rana Bhagwandas , Pakistani lawyer and judge, Chief Justice of Pakistan (d. 2015)1942 – Bob Hayes , American sprinter and football player (d. 2002)[ 48]
1942 – Jean-Claude Trichet , French banker and economist
1942 – Roger Woodward , Australian classical pianist, composer, conductor, teacher and human rights activist.[ 49]
1944 – Ray Martin , Australian television host and journalist1945 – Peter Criss , American singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer[ 50] 1945 – Sivakant Tiwari , Indian-Singaporean lawyer and author (d. 2010)
1946 – Uri Geller , Israeli-English magician and psychic[ 50] 1946 – Bill Hosket Jr. , American basketball player[ 51]
1946 – Sonny Perdue , American politician, 31st United States Secretary of Agriculture , 81st Governor of Georgia [ 52]
1946 – Dick Wolf , American director, producer, and screenwriter[ 50]
1947 – Gigliola Cinquetti , Italian singer-songwriter[ 53] 1948 – Alan Parsons , English keyboard player and producer[ 54] 1948 – Mitsuko Uchida , Japanese pianist[ 55]
1949 – Soumaïla Cissé , Malian engineer and politician (d. 2020)1949 – Cecil Cooper , American baseball player and manager[ 56]
1950 – Arturo Márquez , Mexican-American composer1951 – Nuala O'Loan, Baroness O'Loan , Northern Irish academic and police ombudsman1951 – Marta Russell , American author and activist (d. 2013)
1952 – Jenny Agutter , English actress[ 50] 1954 – Michael Badalucco , American actor[ 50] 1954 – Sandra Cisneros , American author and poet
1955 – Martin Schulz , German politician1955 – Binali Yıldırım , Turkish lawyer and politician, Turkish Minister of Transport
1956 – Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz , Mauritanian general and politician, President of Mauritania 1956 – Guy Babylon , American keyboard player and songwriter (d. 2009)
1956 – Blanche Baker , American actress and screenwriter[ 50]
1956 – Junji Hirata , Japanese wrestler
1956 – Andrew Mackenzie , Scottish geologist and businessman
1956 – Anita Ward , American disco/R&B singer
1957 – Billy Bragg , English singer-songwriter and guitarist[ 50] 1957 – Anna Vissi , Cypriot singer-songwriter and actress
1957 – Mike Watt , American singer-songwriter and bass player[ 57]
1958 – Doug Nordquist , American high jumper1958 – James Thomson , American biologist and academic
1959 – George Coupland , Scottish scientist1959 – Hildegard Körner , German runner
1959 – Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz , Polish physicist and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Poland
1960 – Nalo Hopkinson , Jamaican-Canadian author and educator1960 – Kim Ki-duk , South Korean director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2020)[ 58]
1961 – Mohammad Fouad , Egyptian singer-songwriter and actor1963 – Joel Gretsch , American actor[ 50] 1966 – Veronica Pershina , Russian-American figure skater and coach1966 – Chris Robinson , American singer-songwriter and guitarist[ 50]
1968 – Karl Wendlinger , Austrian racing driver1969 – Alain de Botton , Swiss-English philosopher and author1969 – Zahra Ouaziz , Moroccan runner
1970 – Nicole de Boer , Canadian actress[ 50] 1970 – Grant Flower , Zimbabwean cricketer and coach
1970 – Jörg Schmidt , German footballer
1972 – Jan Čaloun , Czech ice hockey player[ 59] 1972 – Anders Odden , Norwegian guitarist, songwriter, and producer
1974 – Die , Japanese guitarist, songwriter, and producer1975 – Bartosz Bosacki , Polish footballer1976 – Nenad Vučković , Croatian footballer1978 – Yoon Kye-sang , South Korean singer1978 – Andrei Markov , Russian-Canadian ice hockey player
1978 – Geremi Njitap , Cameroon footballer[ 60]
1978 – Bouabdellah Tahri , French runner[ 61]
1979 – Michael Rogers , Australian cyclist[ 62] 1980 – Israel Castro , Mexican footballer1980 – Ashley Cole , English footballer
1980 – Anthony da Silva , French-Portuguese footballer
1980 – Martín Demichelis , Argentine footballer
1981 – Royal Ivey , American basketball player and coach[ 63] 1981 – James Shields , American baseball player[ 64]
1982 – Mohammad Asif , Pakistani cricketer1982 – David Cook , American singer-songwriter[ 50]
1982 – Kasper Klausen , Danish footballer
1982 – David Wright , American baseball player[ 65]
1983 – Jonah Hill , American actor, producer, and screenwriter[ 50] 1984 – Bob Morley , Australian actor[ 50] 1984 – David Tavaré , Spanish singer and DJ[ 66]
1986 – Chay Genoway , Canadian ice hockey player[ 67] 1987 – Malcolm Jenkins , American football player[ 68] 1990 – JoJo , American singer and actress[ 69] 1990 – Marta Xargay , Spanish basketball player[ 70]
1991 – Rachael Boyle , Scottish footballer[ 71] 1991 – Jorginho , Brazilian footballer[ 72]
1991 – Jillian Rose Reed , American actress[ 47]
1991 – Fabian Schär , Swiss footballer [ 73]
1992 – Ksenia Makarova , Russian-American figure skater1993 – Andrea Belotti , Italian footballer[ 74] 1993 – Robeisy Ramírez , Cuban boxer[ 75]
1994 – Calvin Ridley , American football player[ 76] 1995 – Anžejs Pasečņiks , Latvian basketball player[ 77] 1995 – Christian Wilkins , American football player[ 78]
1996 – Jarrod Bowen , English football player[ 79] 1997 – De'Aaron Fox , American basketball player[ 80] 1997 – Suzuka Nakamoto , Japanese singer
1998 – Kylian Mbappé , French footballer[ 81] 2000 – Gaboro , Assyrian Swedish rapper and songwriter (d. 2024)[ 82] 2001 – Facundo Pellistri , Uruguayan footballer[ 83] 2001 – Sepp van den Berg , Dutch footballer[ 84]
2002 – Marcelo Pitaluga , Brazilian footballer[ 85]
Deaths
Pre-1600
69 – Titus Flavius Sabinus , a Roman politician and soldier[ 86] 217 – Zephyrinus , pope of the Catholic Church910 – Alfonso III , king of Asturias977 – Fujiwara no Kanemichi , Japanese statesman (b. 925)1295 – Margaret of Provence , French queen (b. 1221)1326 – Peter of Moscow , Russian metropolitan bishop1340 – John I , duke of Bavaria (b. 1329)1355 – Stefan Dušan , emperor of Serbia (b. 1308)1539 – Johannes Lupi , Flemish composer (b. 1506)1552 – Katharina von Bora , wife of Martin Luther (b. 1499)1590 – Ambroise Paré , French physician and surgeon (b. 1510)
1658 – Jean Jannon , French designer and typefounder (b. 1580)1722 – Kangxi , emperor of the Qing Dynasty (b. 1654)1723 – Augustus Quirinus Rivinus , German physician and botanist (b. 1652)1740 – Richard Boyle, 2nd Viscount Shannon , English field marshal and politician, Governor of Portsmouth (b. 1675)1765 – Louis , dauphin of France (b. 1729)1768 – Carlo Innocenzo Frugoni , Italian poet and academic (b. 1692)1783 – Antonio Soler , Spanish priest and composer (b. 1729)1812 – Sacagawea , American explorer (b. 1788)1820 – John Bell , American farmer (b. 1750)1856 – Francesco Bentivegna , Italian activist (b. 1820)1862 – Robert Knox , Scottish surgeon and zoologist (b. 1791)[ 87] 1880 – Gaspar Tochman , Polish-American colonel and lawyer (b. 1797)1893 – George C. Magoun , American businessman (b. 1840)
1915 – Upendrakishore Ray , Indian painter and composer (b. 1863)1916 – Arthur Morgan , Australian politician, 16th Premier of Queensland (b. 1856)1917 – Lucien Petit-Breton , French-Argentinian cyclist (b. 1882)1919 – Philip Fysh , English-Australian politician, 12th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1835)[ 88] 1920 – Linton Hope , English sailor and architect (b. 1863)1921 – Julius Richard Petri , German microbiologist (b. 1852)[ 89] 1925 – João Ferreira Sardo , the founder of Gafanha da Nazaré , also known as Prior Sardo (b. 1873).[ 90] 1927 – Frederick Semple , American golfer and tennis player (b. 1872)[ 91] 1929 – Émile Loubet , French lawyer and politician, 8th President of France (b. 1838)1935 – Martin O'Meara , Irish-Australian sergeant, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1882)1937 – Erich Ludendorff , German general (b. 1865)1938 – Annie Armstrong , American missionary (b. 1850)1938 – Lida Howell , American archer (b. 1859)
1939 – Hans Langsdorff , German captain (b. 1894)1941 – Igor Severyanin , Russian-Estonian poet and author (b. 1887)1950 – Enrico Mizzi , Maltese lawyer and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1885)1954 – James Hilton , English-American author and screenwriter (b. 1900)1956 – Ramón Carrillo , Argentinian neurologist and physician (b. 1906)1959 – Juhan Simm , Estonian composer and conductor (b. 1885)1961 – Moss Hart , American director and playwright (b. 1904)1961 – Earle Page , Australian soldier and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1880)
1968 – John Steinbeck , American novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)1971 – Roy O. Disney , American banker and businessman, co-founded The Walt Disney Company (b. 1893)1972 – Adolfo Orsi , Italian businessman (b. 1888)1973 – Luis Carrero Blanco , Spanish admiral and politician, 69th President of the Government of Spain (b. 1904; assassinated)[ 92] 1973 – Bobby Darin , American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1936)[ 93]
1974 – Rajani Palme Dutt , English journalist and politician (b. 1896)1974 – André Jolivet , French composer and conductor (b. 1905)
1976 – Richard J. Daley , American lawyer and politician, 48th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1902)1976 – Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo , Indonesian politician, 1st Governor of West Java (b. 1890)[ 94] 1981 – Dimitris Rontiris , Greek actor and director (b. 1899)1982 – Arthur Rubinstein , Polish-American pianist and composer (b. 1887)1984 – Stanley Milgram , American psychologist and academic (b. 1933)1984 – Dmitry Ustinov , Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union (1976–84) (b. 1908)[ 95]
1986 – Joe DeSa , American baseball player (b. 1959)1991 – Simone Beck , French chef and author (b. 1904)[ 96] 1991 – Sam Rabin , English wrestler, singer, and sculptor (b. 1903)
1991 – Albert Van Vlierberghe , Belgian cyclist (b. 1942)
1993 – W. Edwards Deming , American statistician, author, and academic (b. 1900)1993 – Nazife Güran , Turkish composer and educator (b. 1921)
1994 – Dean Rusk , American lawyer, and politician, 54th United States Secretary of State (b. 1909)1995 – Madge Sinclair , Jamaican-American actress (b. 1938)1996 – Carl Sagan , American astronomer, astrophysicist, and cosmologist (b. 1934)[ 97] 1997 – Denise Levertov , English-American poet and translator (b. 1923)1997 – Dick Spooner , English cricketer (b. 1919)
1997 – Dawn Steel , American film producer (b. 1946)
1998 – Alan Lloyd Hodgkin , English physiologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916)1999 – Riccardo Freda , Egyptian-Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1909)1999 – Hank Snow , Canadian-American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1914)
2001 – Léopold Sédar Senghor , Senegalese poet and politician, 1st President of Senegal (b. 1906)2005 – Raoul Bott , Hungarian-American mathematician and academic (b. 1923)2006 – Anne Rogers Clark , American dog breeder and trainer (b. 1929)2008 – Adrian Mitchell , English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1932)2008 – Robert Mulligan , American director and producer (b. 1925)[ 98]
2008 – Igor Troubetzkoy , Russian aristocrat and racing driver (b. 1912)
2009 – Brittany Murphy , American actress and singer (b. 1977)2009 – Arnold Stang , American actor (b. 1918)
2010 – K. P. Ratnam , Sri Lankan academic and politician (b. 1914)2011 – Barry Reckord , Jamaican playwright and screenwriter (b. 1926)2012 – Stan Charlton , English footballer and manager (b. 1929)2012 – Robert Juniper , Australian painter and sculptor (b. 1929)
2012 – Victor Merzhanov , Russian pianist and educator (b. 1919)
2013 – Pyotr Bolotnikov , Russian runner (b. 1930)2014 – Per-Ingvar Brånemark , Swedish surgeon and academic (b. 1929)2014 – John Freeman , English lawyer, politician, and diplomat, British Ambassador to the United States (b. 1915)
2020 – Fanny Waterman , British pianist (b. 1920)[ 99] 2020 – Ezra Vogel , American sociologist (b. 1930)[ 100]
2022 – Franco Harris , American football player (b. 1950)[ 101] 2024 – Casey Chaos , American singer (b. 1965)[ 102] 2024 – George Eastham , English footballer (b. 1936)[ 103]
2024 – Rickey Henderson , American baseball player (b. 1958)[ 104]
Holidays and observances
References
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