1547

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century 16th century 17th century
Decades:	1520s 1530s 1540s 1550s 1560s
Years:	1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550

April 24:Schmalkaldic League rebels defeated by Holy Roman Empire at Battle of Mühlberg

1547 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1547 MDXLVII
Ab urbe condita	2300
Armenian calendar	996 ԹՎ ՋՂԶ
Assyrian calendar	6297
Balinese saka calendar	1468–1469
Bengali calendar	954
Berber calendar	2497
English Regnal year	38 Hen. 8 – 1 Edw. 6
Buddhist calendar	2091
Burmese calendar	909
Byzantine calendar	7055–7056
Chinese calendar	丙午年 (Fire Horse) 4244 or 4037     — to — 丁未年 (Fire Goat) 4245 or 4038
Coptic calendar	1263–1264
Discordian calendar	2713
Ethiopian calendar	1539–1540
Hebrew calendar	5307–5308
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1603–1604
- Shaka Samvat	1468–1469
- Kali Yuga	4647–4648
Holocene calendar	11547
Igbo calendar	547–548
Iranian calendar	925–926
Islamic calendar	953–954
Japanese calendar	Tenbun 16 (天文１６年)
Javanese calendar	1465–1466
Julian calendar	1547 MDXLVII
Korean calendar	3880
Minguo calendar	365 before ROC 民前365年
Nanakshahi calendar	79
Thai solar calendar	2089–2090
Tibetan calendar	阳火马年 (male Fire-Horse) 1673 or 1292 or 520     — to — 阴火羊年 (female Fire-Goat) 1674 or 1293 or 521

Year 1547 (MDXLVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 8 – The first Lithuanian-language book, a Catechism (Katekizmo paprasti žodžiai, Simple Words of Catechism), is published in Königsberg by Martynas Mažvydas.^[1]
• January 13 – Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey is sentenced to death for treason in England.^[2][3]
• January 16 – Grand Prince Ivan IV is crowned as Tsar of all Russia at the Dormition Cathedral in Moscow, thereby proclaiming the Tsardom of Russia.^[4][5]
• January 28 – King Henry VIII of England dies in London, and is succeeded by his 9-year-old son Edward VI, as King of England.^[6][7]
• February 20 – Edward VI of England is crowned at Westminster Abbey.^[8]
• March 31 – King Francis I of France dies at the Château de Rambouillet and is succeeded by his eldest surviving son Henry II (on his 28th birthday) as King of France.^[9][10]

April–June

• April 4 – Catherine Parr, widow of King Henry VIII of England, secretly marries Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley.
• April 24 – Battle of Mühlberg: Emperor Charles V defeats the Lutheran forces of the Schmalkaldic League and takes John Frederick I.^[11]
• May 19 – John Frederick I signs the Capitulation of Wittenberg in order to have his life spared by the Holy Roman Empire.
• May 23 – The Protestant Schmalkaldic League defeats the Catholic Army of the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Drakenburg. Of 6,000 Imperial troops, 2,500 are killed and another 2,500 are taken prisoner by the Protestants.^[12]
• June 4 – Maurice, Duke of Saxony is formally raised to the status of the Elector.
• June 13 – A peace treaty is signed between by representatives of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Ottoman Empire and France after the Empire's defeat at the 1543 Siege of Nice.^[13]
• June 21 – The apparition of Mary, mother of Jesus is seen by several women in the Sicilian city of Alcamo.^[14] She becomes the patron saint of the city and is celebrated as the Madonna of Miracles (la Madonna dei Miracoli)
• June 23 – Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse and John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony, leaders of the Schmalkaldic League who were both captured at the battle of Muhlberg, are transported to south Germany and imprisoned for their revolt against the Empire.
• June 26 – King Henri of France orders the division of France's easternmost provinces and divides them into three zones of control, each administered by a Marshal of the Army. Harding, Robert (1978). Anatomy of a Power Elite: the Provincial Governors in Early Modern France. Yale University Press. p. 29.
• June 29 – A fleet of 21 French galleys, commanded by Leone Strozzi, arrives at Fife in Scotland and begins the siege of St Andrews Castle.^[15] The siege lasts for a month before John Knox and Protestant nobles surrender on July 31.^[16]

July–September

• July 10 – In France, a duel takes place at between Guy I de Chabot, the future Baron of Jarnac, and François de Vivonne, Lord of La Châtaigneraie, in front of the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Vivonne, known for his fencing ability, is wounded and dies the next day.^[17]
• July 17 – After the Earl of Arran, Regent of Scotland for Mary, Queen of Scots, is unable to get England to voluntarily return control of Langholm to Scotland, he "reduces it by force.".^[18]
• July 25 – The coronation of Henri II as King of France at the Reims Cathedral.^[19]
• August 13 – The Duchy of Brittany unites with the Kingdom of France.
• September 10
  • Battle of Pinkie Cleugh: An English army under the Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector of England, defeats a Scottish army under James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran, the Regent. The English seize Edinburgh.^[11]
  • Conspirators led by Ferrante Gonzaga murder Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma and son of the Pope, and hang his body from a window of his palace in Piacenza.^[20]

October–December

• October 13 – (New Moon of Thadinovut 909 ME) With the end of the Buddhist Lent, the Kingdom of Burma (now Myanmar) mobilizes to invade the Kingdom of Arakan (now Thailand).^[21]
• The English Parliament, the first convened since the death of King Henry VIII, is opened by King Edward VI.
• November 5 – Catherine Parr, the former Queen consort of England and widow of King Henry VIII, publishes her book The Lamentation of a Sinner.^[22]
• November 15 – A fleet of 60 Ottoman Navy ships, commanded by Piri Reis, arrives at the port of Aden (now in Yemen)^[23] and captures the city in slightly more than three months, by February 26, 1548.
• December 6 – The Battle of Perlis River is fought between the Portuguese Navy and the navy of the Aceh Sultanate (now a province of Indonesia) at the Perlis River in Malaysia. With nine light warships and 230 soldiers, the Portuguese sink or capture 45 of the 60 ships of Aceh vessel leave 4,000 of their 5,380 soldiers dead or missing.^[24]
• December 24 – King Edward VI of England gives royal assent to numerous laws enacted by Parliament, including the Treason Act and the Vagabonds Act.
• December 28 – Sir John Luttrell of England, recently victorious over Scotland in the Battle of Pinkie, raids the Scottish port of Burntisland on the Firth of Forth, after his uncle Thomas Wyndham brings two Royal Navy warships. Luttrell and Wyndhamburn ships and buildings on the pier and capture Rossend Castle^[25]

Date unknown

• Huguenots increasingly immigrate to the English county of Kent, especially Canterbury, from France.^[26]
• The Chambre Ardente is established in Paris for trying heretics.^[27]
• Work on construction of the Château de Chambord, in the Loire Valley, for Francis I of France, ceases.^[28]
• John Dee visits the Low Countries, to study navigation with Gemma Frisius.^[29]
• Edward VI of England outlaws execution by boiling.^[30]

Births

Duchess Hedwig of Württemberg

Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany

Miguel de Cervantes

Princess Sophia of Sweden

Claude of Valois

• January 15 – Duchess Hedwig of Württemberg, by marriage countess of Hesse-Marburg (d. 1590)^[31]
• January 20 – Laurence Bruce, Scottish politician (d. 1617)
• January 24 – Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Austrian Archduchess (d. 1578)^[32]
• February 8 – Girolamo Mattei, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1603)^[33]
• February 18 – Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī, Syrian Arab co-founder of the Isfahan School of Islamic Philosophy (d. 1621)^[34][35]
• February 24 – Don John of Austria, military leader (d. 1578)^[36]
• March 1 – Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher (d. 1628)^[37]
• March 26 – Bernardino Bertolotti, Italian instrumentalist and composer (d. 1609)^[38]
• April 8 – Lucrezia Bendidio, noblewoman and singer in Renaissance Ferrara (d. 1584)^[39]
• May 15 – Magnus Pegel, German mathematician (d. 1619)
• May 19 – Gustaf Banér, Swedish nobleman and member of the Privy Council of Sweden (d. 1600)^[40][41]
• June 28 – Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian organist and composer (d. 1599)^[42]
• July 5 – Garzia de' Medici, Italian noble (d. 1562)^[43]
• August 10 – Francis II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1619)^[44]
• September 10 – George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1596)^[45]
• September 14 – Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Dutch statesman (d. 1619)^[46]
• September 20 – Faizi, Indo-Persian poet and scholar (d. 1595)
• September 22 – Philipp Nicodemus Frischlin, German philologist and poet (d. 1590)^[47]
• September 29 – Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish fiction writer (d. 1616)^[48]
• October 2 – Philipp Ludwig, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1569–1614) and Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1604–1614) (d. 1614)^[49]
• October 18 – Justus Lipsius, Flemish humanist (d. 1606)^[50]
• October 29 – Princess Sophia of Sweden, Swedish princess (d. 1611)^[51]
• November 7 – Rudolf Hospinian, Swiss writer (d. 1626)^[52]
• November 10
  • Martin Moller, German poet and mystic (d. 1606)^[53]
  • Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg, Archbishop of Cologne (d. 1601)^[54]
• November 12 – Claude of Valois, daughter of King Henry II of France (d. 1575)^[55]
• November 26 – Nicolaus Taurellus, German philosopher and theologian (d. 1606)^[56]
• December 5 – Ubbo Emmius, Dutch historian and geographer (d. 1625)^[57]
• December 15 – Magdalena of Nassau-Dillenburg, German noblewoman (d. 1633)^[58]
• date unknown
  • Matteo Perez d'Aleccio, Italian painter (d. 1616)^[59]
  • Mateo Alemán, Spanish novelist and man of letters (d. 1609)^[60]
  • Peter Bales, English calligrapher (d. 1610)^[61]
  • Louis Carrion, Flemish humanist and classical scholar (d. 1595)^[62]
  • Oichi, Japanese noblewoman (d. 1583)^[63]
  • Krzysztof Mikołaj "the Thunderbolt" Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman (d. 1603)^[64]
  • Richard Stanihurst, English translator of Virgil (d. 1618)^[65]
  • Roemer Visscher, Dutch writer (d. 1620)^[66]
  • Stanisław Żółkiewski, Polish nobleman (d. 1620)^[67]

Deaths

King Henry VIII of England

King Francis I of France

Saint Cajetan

Hernán Cortés

• January 5 – Johann Heß, German theologian (b. 1490)^[68]
• January 7 –Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg (b. 1486)^[69]
• January 16 – Johannes Schöner, German astronomer and cartographer (b. 1477)^[70]
• January 18 – Pietro Bembo, Italian cardinal and scholar (b. 1470)^[71]
• January 19 – Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, English nobleman, politician and poet, beheaded (b. c.1517)^[2]
• January 27 – Anne of Bohemia and Hungary, Queen consort of the Romans, Bohemia and Hungary (b. 1503)^[72]
• January 28 – King Henry VIII of England (b. 1491)^[6][73]
• February 25 – Vittoria Colonna, marchioness of Pescara (b. 1490)^[74]
• February 28 – Philippa of Guelders, Duchess of Lorraine (b. 1467)^[75]
• March 31 – King Francis I of France (b. 1494)^[9][76]
• April 11 – Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Prussia, Danish princess (b. 1504)^[77]
• May 22 – Daniel, Metropolitan of Moscow (b. c. 1492)^[78]
• c. May – Edward Hall, English chronicler and lawyer (b. c.1496)^[79]
• June 21 – Sebastiano del Piombo, Italian painter (b. 1485)^[80]
• July 20 – Beatus Rhenanus, German humanist and religious reformer (b. 1485)^[81]
• August 7 – Saint Cajetan, Italian priest and saint (b. 1480)^[82]
• August 17 – Katharina von Zimmern, Swiss sovereign abbess (b. 1478)^[83]
• September 10 – Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma (b. 1503)^[20]
• September 17 – Frederick II of Legnica, Duke of Legnica from 1488 (until 1495 and 1505 with his brothers) (b. 1480)^[84]
• October 18 – Jacopo Sadoleto, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1477)^[85]
• December 2 – Hernán Cortés, Spanish conquistador of Mexico (b. 1485)^[86]
• December 28 – Konrad Peutinger, German humanist and antiquarian (b. 1465)^[87]
• date unknown
  • Jörg Breu the Younger, German painter (b. 1510)^[88]
  • Meera (Mirabai), Rajput princess (b. 1498)^[89]
  • Photisarath, King of Laos (b. 1501)^[90]

References

1. Kaukienė, Audronė (1997). M. Mažvydas: pirmoji lietuviškoji knyga : tarptautinės mokslinės konferencijos, įvykusios 1997 m. sausio 14 d., medžiaga (in Lithuanian). Klaipėdos Universiteto Baltistikos centras. p. 103. ISBN 978-9986-505-57-0. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
2. "Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey | English poet". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
3. Sessions, William A. (1999). Henry Howard, the poet Earl of Surrey : a life. Oxford University Press. p. 405. ISBN 978-0-19-818624-3. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
4. Flier, Michael (2006). "Political ideas and rituals". The Cambridge History of Russia: Volume 1: From Early Rus' to 1689. Cambridge University Press. pp. 387–408. ISBN 978-1-139-05410-2. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
5. Madariaga, Isabel de (September 25, 2006). Ivan the Terrible. Yale University Press. pp. 50–52. ISBN 978-0-300-11973-2. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
6. "Henry VIII | Biography, Wives, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
7. Jordan, Wilbur Kitchener (1968). Edward VI: the Young King: The Protectorship of the Duke of Somerset. Belknap Press. p. 51. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
8. Hunt, Alice (2008). The Drama of Coronation: Medieval Ceremony in Early Modern England. Cambridge University Press. p. 77. ISBN 9781139474665.
9. "Francis I | king of France". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
10. "Henry II | king of France". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
11. James Gairdner (1924). The English Church in the Sixteenth Century: From the Accession of Henry VIII to the Death of Mary. Macmillan and Company Limited.
12. Pál Zsigmond Pach, Ágnes Várkonyi R., ed. (1985). History of Hungary 1526-1686. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN 963-05-0929-6.
13. Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy (1854). History of the Ottoman Turks: From the Beginning of Their Empire to the Present Time. p. 286. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
14. "Comune di Alcamo, "Le tradizioni popolari - La festa della Madonna dei Miracoli"". Archived from the original on April 19, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
15. Reid, W. Stanford (1974), Trumpeter of God, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 53–55, ISBN 0-684-13782-8;
16. Ridley, Jasper (1968), John Knox, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 60–69, OCLC 251907110
17. Baumgartner, Frederic (1988). Henry II: King of France 1547-1559. Duke University Press. p. 60.
18. Merriman, Marcus, The Rough Wooings (Tuckwell, 2000), pp. 221–229
19. Thevet, André (2010). Portraits from the French Renaissance and the Wars of Religion. Translated by Benson, Edward. Truman State University Press. pp. 24–25.
20. Molossi, Lorenzo (1832). Vocabolario topografico dei Ducati di Parma, Piacenza e Guastalla (in Italian). Tip. Ducale. p. 317. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
21. Wood, William A. R. (1924). History of Siam. Thailand: Chalermit Press. ISBN 1-931541-10-8.
22. Freeman, Thomas S. (2013). "One Survived: The Account of the Katherine Parr in Foxe's "Books of Martyrs"". In Betteridge, Thomas; Lipscomb, Suzannah (eds.). Henry VIII and the Court: Art, Politics and Performance. Farnham, UK: Ashgate. pp. 241–242.
23. The history of Aden, 1839-72 by Zaka Hanna Kour p. 2
24. Saturnino Monteiro (1992): Batalhas e Combates da Marinha Portuguesa Volume III, p. 95-103.
25. ].Gervase Phillips, The Anglo-Scots Wars 1513–1550 (Boydell Press, 1999) p. 212 ISBN 0-85115-746-7
26. Thorp, Malcolm Ray (1972). The English Government and the Huguenot Settlement, 1680-1702. University of Wisconsin--Madison. p. 20. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
27. Ward, Sir Adolphus William (1904). The Reformation. Macmillan. p. 293. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
28. Bonfitto, Peter Louis (December 6, 2021). World Architecture and Society [2 volumes]: From Stonehenge to One World Trade Center [2 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 185. ISBN 978-1-4408-6585-5. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
29. Whitby, Christopher (February 11, 2013). John Dee's Actions with Spirits (Volumes 1 and 2): 22 December 1581 to 23 May 1583. Routledge. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-136-15889-6. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
30. Andrews, William (1890). Old-time punishments. London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. p. 199. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
31. Pfaff, Carl (1849). Fürstenhaus und Land Württemberg nach den Hauptmomenten, von der ältesten bis auf die neueste Zeit (in German). Schweizerbart. p. 105. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
32. Blätter für Kostümkunde (in German). F. Lipperheide. 1878. p. 17. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
33. "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of November 16, 1586". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
34. Stewart, Devin J. (December 2006). "An Episode in the 'Amili Migration to Safavid Iran: Husayn b. 'Abd al-Samad al-'Amili's Travel Account". Iranian Studies. 39 (4): 481–508. doi:10.1080/00210860601005070. ISSN 0021-0862. S2CID 159653382. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
35. "BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN ʿĀMELĪ". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
36. Geoffrey Parker (June 25, 2019). Emperor: A New Life of Charles V. Yale University Press. p. 400. ISBN 978-0-300-24102-0.
37. "Goclenius, Rudolf - Deutsche Biographie". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved September 26, 2023.
38. "Bertolotti, Bernardino". Grove Music Online. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
39. Newcomb, Anthony (2001). "Bendidio, Lucrezia". Grove Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.02639. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
40. "Gustav Axelsson Banér". sok.riksarkivet.se. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
41. universitet, Uppsala (1979). Charisteria Cracoviensia Universitati Regiae. Nakł. Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. p. 44. ISBN 978-83-01-00704-1. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
42. Kirkendale, Warren (1993). The Court Musicians in Florence During the Principate of the Medici: With a Reconstruction of the Artistic Establishment (in Italian). L.S. Olschki. p. 181. ISBN 978-88-222-4108-5. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
43. Landini, Roberta Orsi (1993). Moda alla corte dei Medici: gli abiti restaurati di Cosimo, Eleonora e don Garzia (in Italian). Centro Di. p. 37. ISBN 978-88-7038-238-9. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
44. Kobbe, Peter Ludwig Christian von (1836). Geschichte und Landesbeschreibung des Herzogthums Lauenburg (in German). Johann Friedrich Hammerich. p. 404. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
45. Soldan, Friedrich (1896). Geschichte des Grossherzogtums Hessen (in German). E. Roth. p. 125. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
46. Janssen, Geert H. (2001). Het stokje van Oldenbarnevelt (in Dutch). Uitgeverij Verloren. p. 13. ISBN 978-90-6550-455-5. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
47. Reinhart, Max; Hardin, James N. (1997). German Writers of the Renaissance and Reformation, 1280-1580. Gale Research. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7876-1069-2. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
48. McCrory, Donald (January 1, 2006). No Ordinary Man: The Life and Times of Miguel de Cervantes. Courier Corporation. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-486-45361-3. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
49. Kollectaneen-Blatt für die Geschichte Bayerns, insbesondere des ehemaligen Herzogtums Neuburg: insbesondere für die Geschichte der Stadt Neuburg (in German). Grießmayer. 1863. p. 62. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
50. Sellars, John (February 12, 2016). The Routledge Handbook of the Stoic Tradition. Routledge. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-317-67583-9. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
51. "Sofia, prinsessa". skbl.se. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
52. Geschichte der Schweizerisch-reformierten Kirchen (in German). Schmid & Francke. 1898. p. 261. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
53. Lebensgeschichtliche Nachrichten über die Liederdichter, welche im Neuen Gesangbuche für die Evangelische Kirche der Pfalz angeführt sind (in German). Verlag des Evang. Vereins. 1859. p. 106. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
54. "Gebhard". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved September 27, 2023.
55. Corlieu, Auguste (1873). La mort des rois de France: depuis François 1er jusqu'à la Révolution française (in French). Germer Baillière. p. 63. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
56. Schmid-Schwarzenberg, Franz Xaver (1860). Nicolaus Taurellus (in German). T. Blaesing. p. 1. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
57. Schwarzwälder, Herbert (1987). Reisen und Reisende in Nordwestdeutschland: Beschreibungen, Tagebücher und Briefe, Itinerare und Kostenrechnungen (in German). A. Lax. p. 193. ISBN 978-3-7848-2421-5. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
58. Kroon, Anthonie Willem (1854). Geschiedenis van het huis van Oranje-Nassau. Afl. 1-11 (in Dutch). Utrecht: N. de Zwaan. p. 44. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
59. "Alessio, Matteo Perez de". Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
60. McGrady, Donald (1968). Mateo Alemán. Ardent Media. p. 41. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
61. Wood, Anthony à (1813). Athenæ Oxonienses: An Exact History of All the Writers and Bishops who Have Had Their Education in the University of Oxford. : To which are Added the Fasti, Or Annals of the Said University. F. C. & J. Rivington. p. 656. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
62. Mazzocco, Angelo (May 31, 2016). A New Sense of the Past: The Scholarship of Biondo Flavio (1392–1463) (in Italian). Leuven University Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-94-6270-048-2. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
63. Beard, Mary Ritter (1953). The Force of Women in Japanese History. Public Affairs Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-8183-0167-4. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
64. ŁABĘDŹ, PIOTR (2011). "DZIAŁALNOŚĆ WOJSKOWA KRZYSZTOFA RADZIWIŁŁA "PIORUNA" W LATACH 1572–1579" (PDF). Zapiski Historyczne. LXXVI (1): 23. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
65. Lennon, Colm; Stanyhurst, Richard (1981). Richard Stanihurst the Dubliner, 1547-1618 : a biography, with a Stanihurst text, On Ireland's past. Blackrock: Irish Academic Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-7165-0069-8. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
66. Brachin, Pierre (December 6, 2012). Faits et Valeurs: Douze chapitres sur la littérature néerlandaise et ses alentours (in French). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 101. ISBN 978-94-011-6439-9. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
67. Kozłowski, Stanisław (1904). Stanisław Żołkiewski, kanclerz koronny i hetman (1547-1620) (in Polish). Nakł. Krakowskiego Tow. Oświaty Ludowej. p. 6. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
68. Westphal, Johannes (1913). Das evangelische Kirchenlied: nach seiner geschichtlichen Entwicklung (in German). Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft. p. 58. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
69. Jahrbücher des Vereins für Meklenburgische Geschichte und Alterthumskunde (in German). In Commission in der Stillerschen Hofbuchhandlung. 1856. p. 191. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
70. Marx, Leonhard Wilhelm (1861). Geschichte des Reichsstadt Nürnberg (in German). Stein. p. 480. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
71. Carol Kidwell (November 2, 2004). Pietro Bembo: Lover, Linguist, Cardinal. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-7735-7192-1.
72. Kohler, Alfred (2003). Ferdinand I., 1503-1564: Fürst, König und Kaiser (in German). C.H.Beck. p. 96. ISBN 978-3-406-50278-1. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
73. Keynes, Milo (August 2005). "The Personality and Health of King Henry VIII (1491–1547)". Journal of Medical Biography. 13 (3): 174–183. doi:10.1177/096777200501300313. ISSN 0967-7720. PMID 16059531. S2CID 1723207. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
74. Tordi, Domenico (1889). Sulla tomba di Vittoria Colonna: Ricerche di Domenico Tordi (in Italian). Ermanno Loescher. p. 26. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
75. Pfister, Christian (1902). Histoire de Nancy (in French). Berger-Levrault & cie. p. 635. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
76. Knecht, R. J. (February 18, 1982). Francis I. Cambridge University Press. p. 416. ISBN 978-0-521-24344-5. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
77. Kryger, Karin (December 6, 2014). Danske Kongegrave I-III (in Danish). Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 249. ISBN 978-87-635-0781-3. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
78. Жмакин, В. И. (2013). Митрополит Даниил и его сочинения (in Russian). Рипол Классик. p. 247. ISBN 978-5-4241-5683-0. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
79. "The" Academy: A Monthly Record of Literature, Learning, Science, and Art. London: Robert Scott Walker. 1875. p. 139. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
80. Chilvers, Ian (2015). The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. Oxford University Press. p. 576. ISBN 978-0-19-953294-0. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
81. Meyer, Hermann Julius (1907). Meyers Grosses Konversations-Lexikon (in German). Bibliographisches Institut. p. 871. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
82. Mousolfe, A. J. M. & J. K. (1986). Saint Companions for Each Day. St Pauls BYB. p. 291. ISBN 978-81-7109-092-1. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
83. Wedel, Christine Christ-von (October 30, 2019). Die Äbtissin, der Söldnerführer und ihre Töchter: Katharina von Zimmern im politischen Spannungsfeld der Reformationszeit. Unter Mitarbeit von Irene Gysel, Jeanne Pestalozzi und Marlis Stähli (in German). Theologischer Verlag Zürich. p. 323. ISBN 978-3-290-18255-7. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
84. Ciepiela, Bolesław (2004). Żydzi w Zagłębiu Dąbrowskim i okolicy (in Polish). Stowarzyszenie Autorów Polskich, Oddz. w Będzinie. p. 112. ISBN 978-83-87543-51-8. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
85. Dalzell, Alexander; Fantazzi, Charles; Schoeck, Richard J. (1991). Acta Conventus Neo-Latini Torontonensis. Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-86698-098-2. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
86. "La tumba de Hernán Cortés, una historia fascinante" [The grave of Hernan Cortes, a fascinating story] (in Spanish). Mexico Desconocido. April 3, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
87. Kießling, Rolf (October 8, 2018). Konrad Peutinger: Ein Universalgelehrter zwischen Spätmittelalter und Früher Neuzeit: Bestandsaufnahme und Perspektiven (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 202. ISBN 978-3-11-057504-0. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
88. Schweitzer, Hermann (1905). Geschichte der deutschen Kunst von den ersten historischen Zeiten bis zur Gegenwart (in German). Otto Maier. p. 357. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
89. Nilsson, Usha (1997). Mira Bai (Rajasthani Poetess). Sahitya Akademi. p. 16. ISBN 978-81-260-0411-9. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
90. Ellis, Dawn; Butcher, Tom (1993). Laos. Pallas Athene. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-873429-99-0. Retrieved September 28, 2023.