List of sea spiders of South Africa

Map of the Southern African coastline showing some of the landmarks referred to in species range statements

The list of sea spiders of South Africa is a list of species that form a part of the pycnogonid (Class Pycnogonida) fauna of South Africa. The list follows the SANBI listing on iNaturalist, and does not always agree with WoRMS for distribution.

Sea spiders are marine arthropods of the order Pantopoda (lit. ‘all feet’), belonging to the class Pycnogonida, hence they are also called pycnogonids (/pɪkˈnɒɡənədz/; named after Pycnogonum, the type genus; with the suffix -id). They are cosmopolitan, found in oceans around the world. The over 1,300 known species have leg spans ranging from 1 mm (0.04 in) to over 70 cm (2.3 ft). Most are toward the smaller end of this range in relatively shallow depths; however, they can grow to be quite large in Antarctic and deep waters.

Although "sea spiders" are not true spiders, nor even arachnids, their traditional classification as chelicerates would place them closer to true spiders than to other well-known arthropod groups, such as insects or crustaceans, if correct. This is disputed, however, as genetic evidence suggests they may be a sister group to all other living arthropods. (Full article...)

Order Pantopoda

Suborder Eupantopodida

Superfamily Ascorhynchoidea

Family Ammotheidae
Tanystylum brevipes
Family Ascorhynchidae
Superfamily Ascorhynchoidea family incertae sedis

Superfamily Colossendeidoidea

Family Colossendeidae
Subfamily Colossendeinae
Colossendeis colossea Smithsonian Natural History Museum
Subfamily Hedgpethiinae

Suborder Stiripasterida

Family Austrodecidae

Superfamily Nymphonoidea

Family Callipallenidae
Family Nymphonidae
Nymphon signatum with eggs
Family Pallenopsidae

Superfamily Phoxichilidoidea

Family Endeidae, subfamily Endeinae
Family Phoxichilidiidae

Superfamily Pycnogonoidea

Family Pycnogonidae

References

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  2. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Achelia brevicauda (Loman, 1904). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240179 on 2019-02-21
  3. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Achelia nana (Loman, 1908). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239483 on 2019-02-21
  4. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Achelia quadridentata (Hodgson, 1910). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240305 on 2019-02-21
  5. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Ammothella indica Stock, 1954. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239955 on 2019-02-21
  6. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Ammothella setacea (Helfer, 1938). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239705 on 2019-02-21
  7. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Cilunculus bifidus (Stock, 1968). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239792 on 2019-02-21
  8. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Cilunculus sewelli Calman, 1938. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239727 on 2019-02-21
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  11. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Tanystylum brevipes (Hoek, 1881). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240186 on 2019-02-21
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  16. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Ascorhynchus ornatus (Helfer, 1938). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240216 on 2019-02-21
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  19. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Boehmia tuberosa Möbius, 1902. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240312 on 2019-02-21
  20. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphonella lambertensis Stock, 1959. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239470 on 2019-02-21
  21. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Hannonia spinipes Stock, 1956. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240123 on 2019-02-21
  22. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Hannonia typica Hoek, 1881. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240420 on 2019-02-21
  23. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Queubus jamesanus Barnard, 1946. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=214686 on 2019-02-21
  24. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Colossendeis angusta Sars, 1877. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=134659 on 2019-02-21
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  27. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Colossendeis macerrima Wilson, 1881. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=134666 on 2019-02-21
  28. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Colossendeis megalonyx Hoek, 1881. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=173198 on 2019-02-21
  29. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Colossendeis minuta Hoek, 1881. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=134668 on 2019-02-21
  30. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Colossendeis oculifera Stock, 1963. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239604 on 2019-02-21
  31. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Hedgpethia magnirostris Arnaud & Child, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239428 on 2019-02-21
  32. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Rhopalorhynchus gracillimus Carpenter, 1907. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240145 on 2019-02-21
  33. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Rhopalorhynchus kroeyeri Wood-Mason, 1873. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240220 on 2019-02-21
  34. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Pantopipetta armata Arnaud & Child, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240211 on 2019-02-21
  35. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Pantopipetta auxiliata Stock, 1968. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240387 on 2019-02-21
  36. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Pantopipetta bilobata Arnaud & Child, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239806 on 2019-02-21
  37. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Pantopipetta capensis (Barnard, 1946). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239498 on 2019-02-21
  38. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Pantopipetta longituberculata (Turpaeva, 1955). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=134640 on 2019-02-21
  39. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Callipallene africana Arnaud & Child, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239736 on 2019-02-21
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  42. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Pallenoides proboscidea Barnard, 1955. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=211366 on 2019-02-21
  43. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Parapallene algoae Barnard, 1946. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239908 on 2019-02-21
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  45. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Parapallene hodgsoni Barnard, 1946. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239995 on 2019-02-21
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  48. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Parapallene nierstraszi Loman, 1908. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239790 on 2019-02-21
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  50. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Propallene crassimanus Stock, 1959. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240160 on 2019-02-21
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  55. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Safropallene longimana Arnaud & Child, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240037 on 2019-02-21
  56. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon australe Hodgson, 1902. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=173368 on 2019-02-21
  57. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon barnardi Arnaud & Child, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239522 on 2019-02-21
  58. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon bicornum Arnaud & Child, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239779 on 2019-02-21
  59. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon comes Flynn, 1928. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240022 on 2019-02-21
  60. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon crenatiunguis Barnard, 1946. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240172 on 2019-02-21
  61. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon distensum Möbius, 1902. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239864 on 2019-02-21
  62. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon granulatum Arnaud & Child, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240153 on 2019-02-21
  63. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon laterospinum Stock, 1963. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=134693 on 2019-02-21
  64. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon lobatum Stock, 1962. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239987 on 2019-02-21
  65. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon microctenatum Barnard, 1946. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239781 on 2019-02-21
  66. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon modestum Stock, 1959. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239994 on 2019-02-21
  67. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon natalense Flynn, 1928. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239541 on 2019-02-21
  68. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon obesum Arnaud & Child, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239561 on 2019-02-21
  69. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon paralobatum Arnaud & Child, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239513 on 2019-02-21
  70. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon pedunculatum Arnaud & Child, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239627 on 2019-02-21
  71. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon phasmatodes Bohm, 1879. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239746 on 2019-02-21
  72. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon pilosum Möbius, 1902. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239808 on 2019-02-21
  73. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon pleodon Stock, 1962. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239906 on 2019-02-21
  74. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon serratidentatum Arnaud & Child, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239689 on 2019-02-21
  75. ^ Bamber, R.N.; El Nagar, A. & Arango, C. P. (Eds) (2019). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Nymphon setimanus Barnard, 1946. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=239717 on 2019-02-21
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