Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park

Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
Kalahari Gemsbok National Park
Gemsbok National Park
LocationKgalagadi District, Botswana / Northern Cape, South Africa
Nearest cityUpington
Coordinates25°46′S 20°23′E / 25.767°S 20.383°E / -25.767; 20.383
Area38,000 km2 (15,000 sq mi)
Established31 July 1931 (Kalahari Gemsbok National Park)
12 May 2000 (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park)
Governing bodyDepartment of Wildlife and National Parks (Botswana) / South African National Parks
www.sanparks.org/parks/kgalagadi/
Map

Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park is a large wildlife reserve and conservation area in southern Africa.

The park straddles the border between South Africa and Botswana and comprises two adjoining national parks:

The park's total area is 38,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi). Approximately three-quarters of the park lies in Botswana and one-quarter in South Africa. Kgalagadi means "place of thirst."[1] In December 2015, media reports claimed that rights for gas-fracking in more than half of the Botswana portion of the park had been sold.[2] The Botswana government later refuted these reports.[3]

Location and terrain

The park is located largely within the southern Kalahari Desert. The terrain consists of red dunes, sparse vegetation, occasional trees, and the dry riverbeds of the Nossob and Auob Rivers. The rivers are said to flow only about once per century. However, water flows underground, providing life for grass and Vachellia erioloba trees growing in river beds. The rivers may flow briefly after large thunderstorms.[4]

Wildlife

With over 470 documented species, the park has abundant wildlife, including lion, cheetah, African leopard, spotted hyena and brown hyena.[5] Smaller mammals include African wildcat, bat-eared fox and Cape fox, black-backed jackal, caracal, genets and honey badger, as well as meerkats and mongooses.[5] Migratory herds of large ungulates, such as blue wildebeest, gemsbok, springbok, steenbok, southern giraffe, common eland, greater kudu, warthog, klipspringer and red hartebeest also live and move seasonally in the park, providing sustenance for the predators. More than 200 bird species inhabit the park, including ostriches, bustards, waterfowl, storks and passerines and around 30 raptors.[5] There are over 30 reptile and amphibian species of in the park, including venomous snakes such as the Cape cobra, horned adder, puff adder and black mamba; Cape terrapins, leopard tortoise and serrated tortoise, various agama, gecko, and skink species; amphibians include sand frog and African bullfrog.[5]

Since 2005, the protected area has been considered a Lion Conservation Unit and a lion stronghold in Southern Africa.[6]

Weather

The weather in the Kalahari can reach extremes. January is midsummer in southern Africa, and the daytime temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F). Winter nights can be quite cold, with temperatures below freezing. Extreme temperatures of −11 °C (12 °F) and up to 45 °C (113 °F) have been recorded. Precipitation is sparse in this desert area.[7]

Climate data for Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (Twee Rivieren)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 42.0
(107.6)
41.2
(106.2)
40.5
(104.9)
37.2
(99.0)
33.5
(92.3)
29.3
(84.7)
30.2
(86.4)
33.6
(92.5)
38.5
(101.3)
40.5
(104.9)
41.7
(107.1)
45.4
(113.7)
45.4
(113.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 35.8
(96.4)
34.5
(94.1)
32.5
(90.5)
28.7
(83.7)
24.6
(76.3)
21.6
(70.9)
22.0
(71.6)
23.9
(75.0)
28.6
(83.5)
31.0
(87.8)
33.6
(92.5)
35.6
(96.1)
29.4
(84.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.7
(81.9)
26.7
(80.1)
24.6
(76.3)
20.2
(68.4)
15.1
(59.2)
11.8
(53.2)
11.4
(52.5)
13.3
(55.9)
18.0
(64.4)
21.4
(70.5)
24.4
(75.9)
26.7
(80.1)
20.1
(68.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 19.6
(67.3)
19.1
(66.4)
16.8
(62.2)
11.7
(53.1)
5.5
(41.9)
2.1
(35.8)
0.9
(33.6)
2.7
(36.9)
7.5
(45.5)
11.8
(53.2)
15.3
(59.5)
17.8
(64.0)
10.9
(51.6)
Record low °C (°F) 7.6
(45.7)
5.7
(42.3)
3.9
(39.0)
−2.0
(28.4)
−7.3
(18.9)
−9.7
(14.5)
−10.3
(13.5)
−9.7
(14.5)
−5.0
(23.0)
−0.2
(31.6)
3.2
(37.8)
3.0
(37.4)
−10.3
(13.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 43
(1.7)
45
(1.8)
33
(1.3)
31
(1.2)
12
(0.5)
3
(0.1)
1
(0.0)
2
(0.1)
2
(0.1)
12
(0.5)
18
(0.7)
20
(0.8)
222
(8.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 5 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 38
Average relative humidity (%) 38 47 55 59 61 62 57 51 39 36 35 34 48
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[8]
Twee Rivieren Camp

Facilities

The park has three traditional tourist lodges called "rest camps". These are fully serviced lodges and include amenities such as air conditioning, shops, and swimming pools. There are also six wilderness camps in the park. The wilderness camps provide little more than shelter and wash water; visitors must supply their food, drinking water, and firewood.[9]

Visitors

From 1 April 2017 to 31 March 2018, the park received 52,463 visitors, up from 48,221 in the previous year.[10]

History

The Kalahari Gemsbok National Park in South Africa was established on 31 July 1931 mainly to protect the migrating game, especially the gemsbok, from poaching. In 1948 an informal verbal agreement was made between the then Bechuanaland Protectorate and the Union of South Africa to set up a conservation area in the contiguous areas of the two lands. In June 1992, representatives from the South African National Parks Board (now SANParks) and the Department of Wildlife and National Parks of Botswana set up a joint management committee to manage the area as a single ecological unit. A management plan was drafted, reviewed, and approved in 1997. The parties agreed to cooperate in tourism and share equally in park entrance fees. On 7 April 1999, Botswana and South Africa signed a historic bilateral agreement whereby both countries undertook to manage their adjacent national parks, the Gemsbok National Park in Botswana and the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park in South Africa as a single ecological unit. The boundary between the two parks had no physical barriers, although it is also the international border between the two countries. This allowed for the free movement of animals. On 12 May 2000, President Festus Mogae of Botswana and President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa formally launched Southern Africa's first peace park, the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.[11]

Cultural preservation and establishment of !Xaus Lodge

In October 2002, the governments set aside 580 km2 (224 mi2) for the use of the native peoples, the Khomani San and Mier communities. This was divided between 277.69 km2 of San Heritage Land and 301.34 km2 of Mier Heritage Land. The South African National Parks (SANParks) manages the land under contract. This land was named the !Ae!Hai Heritage Park.[12] The settlement agreement also provided for the communities to receive funds for the specific purpose of constructing a tourism facility.[13] The lodge was named !Xaus Lodge (meaning 'heart' in the local language) and is managed commercially on behalf of the ‡Khomani San and Mier communities by Transfrontier Parks Destinations.[14]

!Xaus Lodge's existence allows the cultural practices of the ‡Khomani San to continue in a few ways. The cultural village near the Lodge allows the local people to create and sell their crafts.[15] This is both a way for them to emulate and remember the culture of historical ‡Khomani San, and a way for them to express the changes in that culture. The !Ae!Hai Heritage Park has also been named the first International Dark Sky Sanctuary in Africa by the International Dark Sky Association.[16]

Fracking

In December 2015, it was reported in the media that the government of Botswana quietly sold the rights to frack for shale gas in Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. Reports said it granted prospecting licences for 29,291 square kilometres (2,929,100 ha), 34,435 square kilometres (3,443,500 ha) and 23,980 square kilometres (2,398,000 ha) – more than half of the Botswanan part of the park – to a United Kingdom-listed company called "Nodding Donkey". The sale was not reported at the time. In November 2015, the company changed its name to "Karoo Energy".[17] In February 2016, Botswana's Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism refuted these reports saying, "There are also no licenses for fracking in the KTP" and "no intention to issue any approvals for fracking in the KTP or any other national park or national game reserve anywhere in Botswana".[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Natural & Cultural History". South African National Parks. SANParks. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  2. ^ Barbee, Jeffrey. "Botswana sells fracking rights in national park". The Guardian. The Guardian. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  3. ^ a b African News Agency: Botswana dismisses reports of fracking rights in pristine Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park Mining Weekly
  4. ^ "Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park | nature conservation area, Africa". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-05-20.
  5. ^ a b c d "Observations - iNaturalist (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park)". iNaturalist.org. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  6. ^ IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). Conservation Strategy for the Lion Panthera leo in Eastern and Southern Africa. IUCN, Pretoria, South Africa.
  7. ^ "Adventures in Wildlife Photography" (PDF). Anima Mundi (39). 10 July 2020.
  8. ^ "Klimatafel von Twee Rivieren, Kalahari-Nat.Park / Südafrika" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  9. ^ "Wilderness camps". South African National Parks. SANParks. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  10. ^ "South African National Parks - Annual Report 2017/2018" (PDF).
  11. ^ "About Kgalagadi". Peace Parks Foundation. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  12. ^ "Cultural Village". Xaus Lodge. Transfrontier Parks Destinations. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  13. ^ "AeHai Heritage park agreement". Xaus Lodge. Transfrontier Parks Destinations. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  14. ^ "Cultural Village". www.xauslodge.co.za. Retrieved 2017-05-26.
  15. ^ "Cultural Village". Xaus Lodge. Transfrontier Parks Destinations. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  16. ^ "Aehai Kalahari Heritage Park South Africa". International Dark Sky Association. IDA. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  17. ^ Jeff Barbee: Botswana sells fracking rights in national park Guardian, 2 December 2015.

Read other articles:

Mukjizat Musa adalah hal-hal luar biasa yang dilakukan oleh Musa. Di dalam tugas yang dibebankan kepadanya, Musa disertai oleh Tuhan dengan berbagai tanda dan mujizat.Musa dapat lolos dengan mukjizat Tuhan yang memberikan angin kencang sehingga laut yang diseberangi oleh Musa dan bangsa Israel pun terbelah hingga dasarnya. Ada info lain yang juga mengatakan Musa membelah laut merah dengan memukul tongkat nya pada laut tersebut. Pandangan Islam Bagian dari seriIslam Rukun Iman Keesaan Allah Na...

 

Leonardo Nam Información personalNacimiento 5 de noviembre de 1979 (44 años)Buenos Aires,  ArgentinaNacionalidad AustralianoFamiliaCónyuge Michael DodgeHijos 2 (gemelos)EducaciónEducado en Universidad de Nueva Gales del SurSydney Technical High SchoolHB Studio Información profesionalOcupación ActorAños activo desde 2001Distinciones Out100 (2022) [editar datos en Wikidata] Leonardo Nam (en coreano: 레오나르도 남; 5 de noviembre de 1979) es un actor argenti...

 

Klamath Marsh National Wildlife RefugeIUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)LocationKlamath County, Oregon, USANearest cityKlamath Falls, OregonCoordinates42°54′29″N 121°41′04″W / 42.90816°N 121.68457°W / 42.90816; -121.68457Area40,885 acres (16,546 ha)[1]Established1958 (1958)Governing bodyU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceWebsiteKlamath Marsh NWR Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1958 as an invio...

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019) غيل كيلي معلومات شخصية الميلاد 25 أبريل 1956 (67 سنة)[1]  بريتوريا  الإقامة جنوب إفريقيارودسياسيدني  مواطنة أستراليا  عضوة في مجموعة الثلاثين[2]&...

 

South Korean music awards ceremony Not to be confused with the Genie Awards. Genie Music AwardsCurrent: 2022 Genie Music AwardsAwarded forExcellence in musicCountrySouth KoreaPresented byGenie MusicMBC Plus (2018)M2 (2019)ENA (2022)First awardedNovember 6, 2018; 5 years ago (2018-11-06)Television/radio coverageNetworkMBC Plus channels (2018)Mnet (2019)ENA (2022) The Genie Music Awards (Korean: 지니뮤직어워드) is a music awards show that is held annually in So...

 

الدوري الإنجليزي لكرة القدم 2000–01 تفاصيل الموسم دوري كرة القدم الإنجليزية  البلد المملكة المتحدة  البطل نادي فولهام  الدوري الإنجليزي لكرة القدم 1999–2000  الدوري الإنجليزي لكرة القدم 2001–02  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   الدوري الإنجليزي لكرة القدم 2000–01 هو موسم من دوري...

The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (March 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Mexico–United States international parkThe Rio Grande river in Big Bend National Park.TypeProposed bi-national parkCoordinates29°11′35.61″N 102°55′25.1″W / 29....

 

Bài này viết về phim truyền hình trên Apple TV. Đối với nhà văn cùng tên, xem Emily Dickinson. DickinsonẢnh chụp áp phích phim trên ứng dụng Apple TV+Thể loạiPeriod comedy Black comedy Historical dramaSáng lậpAlena SmithDiễn viên Hailee Steinfeld Toby Huss Anna Baryshnikov Ella Hunt Adrian Enscoe Jane Krakowski Soạn nhạcDrum & Lace Ian HultquistQuốc gia Hoa KỳNgôn ngữTiếng AnhSố mùa3Số tập30 (Danh sách chi tiết)Sản xu...

 

This article is about the Vancouver Island grocery chain. It is not to be confused with Fairway Market. For other uses, see Fairway (disambiguation). Fairway Markets logo Fairway Markets [1] is a regional grocery chain on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The ten store chain was founded by Don Yuen[2] in 1963 and employs over 700.[3] The chain is a low cost grocery store with a significant emphasis on ethnic foods. Founder Don Yuen was born in China, where hi...

Wapen van Hei- en Boeicop (1969) Wapen van Hei- en Boeicop (1943-1969) Het wapen van Hei- en Boeicop werd op 26 oktober 1943 bij besluit van de wrnd. Secretaris-Generaal van het Departement van Algemene Zaken aan de gemeente Hei- en Boeicop verleend. Op 12 november 1969 is op basis van nieuwe inzichten op verzoek van de gemeente, bij Koninklijk Besluit een nieuw wapen toegekend. Op 1 januari 1986 fuseerde de gemeente samen met Ameide, Tienhoven, Leerbroek, Lexmond, Meerkerk en Nieuwland tot d...

 

Arctic Monkeys discographyArctic Monkeys performing at the Royal Albert Hall in 2018Studio albums7Video albums2Music videos24EPs5Singles23 English rock band Arctic Monkeys have released seven studio albums, five extended plays, two video albums, 24 music videos and 23 singles. Formed in 2002 by guitarist and vocalist Alex Turner, guitarist and backing vocalist Jamie Cook, bass guitarist and backing vocalist Andy Nicholson and drummer and backing vocalist Matt Helders, Arctic Monkeys released ...

 

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。(このテンプレートの使い方)出典検索?: 最強ロボ ダイオージャ – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL(2018年5月) 最強ロボ ダイオージャ ジャンル ...

This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (January 2021) Sudha Patel (born 1976) is India’s youngest elected blind female sarpanch.[1] She was elected in June 1995[2] as the sarpanch of Changa village[3] in Anand district, Gujarat.[4] Patel is the recipient of the prestigious Ten Outstanding Young Persons of World (1997) award, Outstanding Woma...

 

Este artículo o sección necesita referencias que aparezcan en una publicación acreditada.Este aviso fue puesto el 29 de enero de 2014. Soy lo que soy Álbum de Sandra MihanovichPublicación 1984Grabación 1984Género(s) Pop vocalDuración 40:27Discográfica MicrofonProductor(es) Ricardo Kleinman Cronología de Sandra Mihanovich Hagamos el amor (1983) Soy lo que soy (1984) Sandra en Shams (1984) [editar datos en Wikidata] Soy lo que soy es el cuarto álbum de la cantante argentina...

 

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Delhi Public Library – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Delhi Public LibraryLocationDelhi, IndiaTypePublicEstablished27 October 1951; 72 years ago (1951-10-27)Bran...

Four wheeled open carriage The sporty Lord Lonsdale's yellow phaeton with a calash top, c. 1900 (Mossman Collection) Hooper's - royal coachbuilders - stylish design for a phaeton A phaeton (also phaéton) was a form of sporty open carriage popular in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Drawn by one or two horses, a phaeton typically featured a minimal very lightly sprung body atop four extravagantly large wheels. With open seating, it was both fast and dangerous, giving rise to ...

 

Not to be confused with Orillia Terriers (senior/intermediate hockey). Ice hockey team in Ontario, CanadaCouchiching TerriersCityOrillia, Ontario, Canada (1940s-1997)Rama, Ontario, Canada (1997-2010)LeagueOntario Junior Hockey LeagueOntario Provincial Junior A Hockey LeagueMid-Ontario Junior B Hockey LeagueGeorgian Bay Junior Hockey LeagueOperatedCirca 1940s-2010Home arenaOrillia Community Centre ArenaMnjikaning Arena Sports KiColoursBlack, Red, and White     General manag...

 

Maysan Olympic Stadium ملعب ميسان الأولمبي [1]Full nameMaysan Olympic StadiumLocationAmarah, Maysan, IraqOwnerMinistry of Youth and Sports (Iraq)Capacity25,000 [2]Field size105 by 68 metres (115 by 74 yd)SurfaceGrassConstructionOpened1987Renovated2011 - 2017TenantsNaft MaysanMaysan FC Maysan Stadium (Arabic: ملعب ميسان الأولمبي) is a multi-use stadium in Amarah, Iraq. The stadium holds 25,000 people and was opened in 1987. Renovation Plan...

Félix Napoleón Canevaro Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores del Reino de Italia 29 de junio de 1898-14 de mayo de 1899Monarca Humberto IPresidente Luigi PellouxPredecesor Raffaele CappelliSucesor Emilio Visconti-Venosta Ministro de la Marina del Reino de Italia 1 de junio de 1898-29 de junio de 1898Monarca Humberto IPresidente Antonio Starabba Senador del Reino de Italia Información personalNombre de nacimiento Félix Napoleón Canevaro Valega Nombre en italiano Felice Napoleone Canevaro Nacimi...

 

Ethnographic museum in Konya, TurkeyKonya Ethnography MuseumKonya Etnografya MüzesiLocation within TurkeyEstablished6 December 1975; 48 years ago (1975-12-06)LocationSahip Ata St., Konya, TurkeyCoordinates37°52′00″N 32°29′29″E / 37.86667°N 32.49139°E / 37.86667; 32.49139TypeEthnographic museum A 16th-century carpet from Mevlana lodge A carpet from Eşrefoğlu Mosque Konya Ethnography Museum (Turkish: Konya Etnografya Müzesi) is an ethnog...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!