List of marine vertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
Regional biodiversity species list
Astronaut photo of Cape Town showing the Cape Peninsula, and surrounding waters, including False Bay. Map showing approximate extent of the range of the article and identifying key locations and the borders of the Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area Marine ecoregions of the South African exclusive economic zone Marine species distribution reference map of the Southern African coastline, showing key range locations The list of marine vertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay is a list of marine and shore-based vertebrate animal species that form a part of the fauna of South Africa and that have been recorded from this geographical range. In some cases they are an important part of the local ecological community, and others may have been passing through, or were carried out of their natural ranges by the vagaries of ocean currents or winds. Some of the animals are deep within their range of endemism , or near its borders, while others are cosmopolitan or recently arrived aliens. This list includes animals which live entirely marine lives, or which spend critical parts of their lives at sea, or rely on the sea or intertidal shore for the major part of their diet.
The geographical range is from Bloubergstrand at the north of Table Bay to Cape Hangklip , the south eastern limit of False Bay , in the Western Cape province of South Africa and includes the Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area (TMNP MPA),[ 1] Helderberg Marine Protected Area , and part of the Robben Island Marine Protected Area .
Most of the shore is within the City of Cape Town , except for a section of the east coast of False Bay, south of Kogel Bay , which is in the Overstrand Local Municipality
The region is near to several universities and research institutions in Cape Town and Stellenbosch , which has led to many studies of the organisms and of the marine ecology, particularly those organisms that are easily or incidentally collected. The popularity of these waters for recreational diving has led to an increase in reported underwater photographic observations in recent years.[ 2]
Fishes
Order Myxiniformes – hagfishesMyxinidae
Elasmobranchii – sharks and raysMyliobatiformes – stingraysMyliobatidae – eagle rays
Family Dasyatidae – stingrays
Short-tail stingray , Bathytoshia brevicaudata Dasyatis brevicaudata [ 4] [ 6] [ 5] Thorntail stingray,Bathytoshia lata Dasyatis thetidis Ogilby, 1899, (TMNP MPA).[ 5] [ 8]
Blue stingray , Dasyatis chrysonota [ 3] [ 6] [ 5] Dasyatis marmorata (Steindachner, 1892)Diamond ray, butterfly ray, Gymnura natalensis [ 5]
Whiptail stingrays, Dasyatis [ 5] Family Rajidae – skates
Bathyraja smithii [ 4] Cruriraja durbanensis [ 4] Cruriraja parcomaculata [ 4] Slimeskate , Dipturus pullopunctatus Raja pullopunctata Smith, 1964 (Lüderitz to Mozambique)[ 4] [ 9] African dwarf skate , Neoraja stehmanni [ 4] Munchkin skate , Rajella caudispinosa Raja caudaspinosa von Bonde and Swart, 1923 (Lüderitz to Cape Point)[ 4] [ 10] Thornback skate , Raja clavata [ 4] Twineye skate, brown ray, Raja miraletus [ 4] [ 11]
Smoothback skate , Rajella ravidula Raja ravidula Hulley, 1970 (off Cape Town)[ 4] [ 12] Amblyraja hyperborea Raja robertsi Hulley, 1970 (west of Cape Town)[ 4] [ 13] Malacoraja spinacidermis Raja spinacidermis Barnard, 1923 (off west coast)[ 4] [ 14] Thornback skate, Raja clavata [ 5]
Twineye skate, brown ray, Raja miraletus [ 5]
Biscuit skate or false thornback skate, spotted skate, Raja straeleni [ 15] [ 4] [ 5]
Blancmange skate, Leucoraja wallacei Raja wallacei Hulley, 1970 (Cape to Limpopo river mouth)[ 4] [ 16]
Bigthorn skate , Rajella barnardi Raja confundens Hulley, 1970 (West coast from 19°S to east of Cape Point)[ 4] [ 17] Ghost skate , Rajella dissimilis Raja dissimilis Hulley, 1970 (west of Cape Town)[ 4] Leopard skate , Rajella leoparda Raja leopardus von Bonde and Swart, 1923 (west coast from 18°S to 35°S)[ 4] [ 18] Spearnose skate, bottlenose skate , Rostroraja alba [ 4] [ 6] [ 5] Raja alba or Raia alba Lacepède, 1803) Family Rhinobatidae – guitarfish
Order Torpediniformes – electric raysNarkidae
Family Torpedinidae
Family Carcharhinidae – requiem sharks
Copper shark , Carcharhinus brachyurus [ 4] [ 5] Spinner shark, Carcharhinus brevipinna [ 5]
Blacktip shark, Carcharhinus limbatus [ 5]
Dusky shark , Carcharhinus obscurus [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] Sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus [ 5]
Blue shark , Prionace glauca [ 4] [ 5] Family Scyliorhinidae – catsharks
Smalleye catshark , Apristurus microps [ 4] Saldanha catshark , Apristurus saldanha [ 4] Tiger catshark , Halaelurus natalensis [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] Puffadder shyshark or happy eddie, Haploblepharus edwardsii [ 3] [ 4] [ 6] [ 5] Dark shyshark , dusky shyshark or skaamoog, Haploblepharus pictus [ 3] [ 4] [ 6] [ 5] Izak catshark , Holohalaelurus regani [ 4] Pyjama catshark, pyjama shark , or striped catshark, Poroderma africanum [ 3] [ 4] [ 6] [ 7] [ 5]
Leopard catshark , Poroderma pantherinum [ 3] [ 6] [ 7] [ 5] Yellowspotted catshark , Scyliorhinus capensis [ 4] [ 5] Family Sphyrnidae – hammerhead sharks
Family Triakidae – houndsharks
Family Hexanchidae – cow sharks
Family Alopiidae – thresher sharks
Thintail thresher, Alopias vulpinus [ 4] [ 5] Family Cetorhinidae – basking sharks
Family Lamnidae – mackerel sharks
Family Mitsukurinidae – goblin sharks
Family Odontaspididae
Ragged-tooth shark or spotted ragged-tooth shark, Carcharias taurus [ 3] [ 4] [ 19] [ 5] Eugomphodus taurus (Rafinesque, 1810) Family Pseudocarchariidae – crocodile sharks
Family Rhincodontidae – whale sharks
Family Pristiophoridae
Family Echinorhinidae – bramble sharks
Family Etmopteridae
Family Squalidae – dogfishes
Centrophorus granulosus [ 4] Leafscale gulper shark , Centrophorus squamosus [ 4] Centroscyllium fabricii [ 4] Centroscymnus crepidater [ 4] Deania calcea [ 4] Deania profundorum [ 4] Deania quadrispinosa [ 4] [ 20] Short-tail lanternshark, Etmopterus brachyurus [ 4]
Etmopterus granulosus [ 4] Etmopterus [ 4] Euprotomicroides zantedeschia [ 4] Euprotomicrus bispinatus [ 4] Flatiron shark, Oxynotus centrina [ 4]
Greenland shark , Somniosus microcephalus [ 4] Spotted spiny dogfish, Spiny (Picked) dogfish Squalus acanthias [ 4] [ 5]
Bluntnose spiny dogfish, Shortnose spurdog Squalus megalops [ 4] [ 5]
Longnose spiny dogfish, Squalus mitsukurii [ 4]
Squalus [ 5]
Family Callorhinchidae – elephantfish
Family Chimaeridae – chimaeras
Family Rhinochimaeridae – longnose chimaeras
Family: Chaetodontidae – butterflyfishes[ 21]
Family Luvaridae – louvar[ 24]
Family: Champsodontidae – Gapers[ 25]
Family: Epigonidae – cardinal fishes (see also Apogonidae)[ 26]
Family: Howellidae – lanternbellies[ 27]
Family: Pentacerotidae – armourheads[ 29]
Family: Polyprionidae – wreckfishes[ 30]
Family: Scombropidae – gnomefishes[ 31]
Family Anguillidae – freshwater eels
Family Congridae – conger eels
Family Derichthyidae – longneck eels
Family Nemichthyidae – snipe eels
Family: Nettastomatidae – witch eels
Family Ophichthidae – snake-eels and worm-eels
Family Serrivomeridae – sawtooth eels
Family Synaphobranchidae – cutthroat eels
Family Ateleopodidae – tadpole fishes
Family Atherinidae – silversides
Family Alepisauridae – lancetfishes
Family Bathysauropsidae
Family Chlorophthalmidae – greeneyes
Family Evermannellidae – sabretooth fishes
Coccorella atlantica [ 4] [ 47] Family Ipnopidae
Family Notosudidae – notosudids
Family Paralepididae – barracudinas
Family Scopelarchidae – pearleyes
Family Synodontidae
Family Batrachoididae – toadfishes
Family Exocoetidae – flyingfishes
Smallhead flyingfish, Cheilopogon altipennis Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus altipinnis (Valenciennes, 1846) (Cape to Kosi Bay))[ 4] [ 66] [ 23]
Subtropical flyingfish, Hirundichthys rondeletii [ 4]
Mirrorwing flyingfish , Hirundichthys speculiger [ 4] Family Hemiramphidae – halfbeaks
Ribbon halfbeak, Euleptorhamphus viridis [ 4]
Cape halfbeak, Hyporhamphus capensis [ 3] [ 4] Family Belonidae – needlefishes
Family Scomberesocidae – sauries
Dwarf saury, Scomberesox simulans Nanichthys simulans [ 4] Family Berycidae – berycids
Family Monocentridae – pineapple fishes
Pineapple fish, Japanese pineapple fish, Monocentris japonica [ 4] [ 6] [ 23] Family Trachichthyidae – slimeheads
Gephyroberyx darwinii [ 4] Orange roughy , Hoplostethus atlanticus [ 4] Black slimehead , Hoplostethus cadenati [ 4] Silver roughy , Hoplostethus mediterraneus [ 4] Hoplostethus melanopus [ 4] Family Blenniidae – blennies
Looseskin blenny, Chalaroderma capito Saldanha Bay to East London )[ 4]
Two-eyed blenny, Chalaroderma ocellata Saldanha Bay to Port Elizabeth )[ 4] [ 23]
Horned blenny, Parablennius cornutus Sodwana Bay , Endemic)[ 3] [ 4] [ 23]
Piano blenny, Plagiotremus tapeinosoma False Bay )[ 4]
Maned blenny, Scartella emarginata [ 3] [ 4]
Japanese snakeblenny, Xiphasia matsubarai False Bay )[ 4]
Snakeblenny, Xiphasia setifer False Bay )[ 4] Family Clinidae – klipfishes
Lace klipfish, Blennioclinus brachycephalus Melkbosstrand to Kei River )[ 4] [ 23]
Snaky klipfish, Blennophis anguillaris Lüderitz Bay to East London )[ 4] [ 23]
Striped klipfish, Blennophis striatus Saldanha Bay to East London )[ 4] [ 23]
Slender platanna-klipfish, Cancelloxus burrelli Orange River to Algoa Bay )[ 4] [ 23]
Elongated sand klipfish, Cancelloxus longior [ 6] [ 23]
Barbelled klipfish, Cirrhibarbis capensis Lamberts Bay to East London )[ 4] [ 23]
Fleet klipfish, Climacoporus navalis Still Bay to Port St. Johns . Once from False Bay )[ 4]
Ladder klipfish, Clinoporus biporosus Saldanha Bay to False Bay )[ 4]
Sad klipfish, Clinus acuminatus Lüderitz Bay to west of Algoa Bay )[ 4] [ 23]
Agile klipfish, Clinus agilis Port Alfred )[ 3] [ 4] [ 23]
Clinus arborescens C. supeciliosus (part of complex)[citation needed Onrust klipfish, Clinus berrisfordi False Bay to Skoenmakerskop, just west of Algoa Bay )[ 4] [ 23]
Cape klipfish, Clinus brevicristatus Lamberts Bay to False Bay )[ 4] [ 23]
Bluntnose klipfish, Clinus cottoides Olifants River (Western Cape) to Kei River )[ 3] [ 4] [ 23]
West coast klipfish, Clinus heterodon Orange River to Cape Agulhas )[ 3] [ 4] [ 23]
False Bay klipfish, Clinus latipennis Table Bay to Cape Agulhas )[ 4] [ 23]
Mosaic klipfish, Clinus musaicus [ 23]
Chinese klipfish, Clinus nematopterus False Bay and Algoa Bay )[ 4]
Ornate klipfish, Clinus ornatus [ 23] C. superciliosus complex.
Robust klipfish, Clinus robustus Cape of Good Hope to East London )[ 4] [ 23]
Kelp klipfish, Clinus rotundifrons Lüderitz Bay to Cape of Good Hope )[ 4] [ 23]
Super klipfish or highfin klipfish, Clinus superciliosus Kei River )[ 3] [ 4] [ 23] C. superciliosus, C. ornatus, C. arborescens, C. musaicus and C. exasperatus.
Bull klipfish, Clinus taurus Möwe Point (Namibia) to Port Alfred )[ 4] [ 23]
Speckled klipfish, Clinus venustris Orange River to East London )[ 3] Lüderitz Bay to Port Alfred )[ 4] [ 23]
Mousey klipfish, Fucomimus mus False Bay to Coffee Bay )[ 4] [ 23]
Nosestripe klipfish, Muraenoclinus dorsalis Orange River to Durban )[ 3] Lüderitz Bay to southern Natal)[ 4] [ 23]
Bluespotted klipfish, Pavoclinus caeruleopunctatus [ 23] [ 67]
Grass klipfish, Pavoclinus graminis False Bay to Inhambane )[ 3] [ 4] [ 23]
Slinky klipfish, Pavoclinus litorafontis False Bay ; Strandfontein and Onrust River mouth)[ 4]
Peacock klipfish, Pavoclinus pavo Lüderitz Bay to Kei River )[ 4] [ 23]
Deepwater klipfish, Pavoclinus profundus Knysna to Algoa Bay )[ 4] [ 23]
Deep reef klipfish, Pavoclinus smalei Storms River mouth)[ 4] [ 23]
Leafy klipfish, Smithichthys fucorum Cape Point to Bashee River )[ 4] [ 23]
Platanna klipfish, Xenopoclinus kochi Lamberts Bay to Algoa Bay )[ 4] [ 23]
Leprous platanna klipfish, Xenopoclinus leprosus Orange River mouth to Algoa Bay )[ 4] [ 23] Family Tripterygiidae – threefin blennies or triplefins
Family Callionymidae – dragonets[ 68]
Family: Carangidae – kingfishes
Leervis or garrick, Lichia amia Delagoa Bay )[ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
White kingfish, white trevally Pseudocaranx dentex Durban southwards, anti-tropical on both sides of Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indo-West Pacific)[ 4]
Giant yellowtail, yellowtail amberjack, Seriola lalandi [ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
Southern pompano, Trachinotus africanus [ 23]
Cape horse mackerel, Trachurus capensis [ 23]
Maasbanker, Trachurus trachurus Cape of Good Hope to Delagoa Bay [ 22] [ 23] Family: Coryphaenidae – dolphinfish or dorades
Family: Echeneidae – remoras[ 70]
Shark remora, Echeneis naucrates [ 22] [ 4] [ 23]
Whale remora, Remora australis [ 4]
Spearfish remora , Remora brachyptera [ 4] Remora, Remora remora [ 4]
White remora, Remorina albescens Family: Istiophoridae – sailfish, spearfishes and marlins[ 71]
Sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus [ 23]
Black marlin , Makaira indica Cape of Good Hope )[ 4] Blue marlin, Makaira nigricans [ 4]
White marlin , Tetrapturus albidus [ 4] Shortbill spearfish , Tetrapturus angustirostris Cape Point and Durban northwards throughout Indo-Pacific)[ 4] Striped marlin , Tetrapturus audax Cape Town )[ 4] Longbill spearfish , Tetrapturus pfluegeri [ 4] Family: Rachycentridae – cobia[ 72]
Family: Xiphiidae – Swordfishes[ 73]
Family: Cheilodactylidae – fingerfins[ 74]
Family: Dichistiidae – galjoens
Family: Kyphosidae – sea chubs[ 76]
Family: Oplegnathidae – knifejaws[ 77]
Family: Parascorpididae – jutjaw
Family Clupeidae – herrings, sardines and pilchards
Family Dussumieriidae
Family Ehiravidae
Family Engraulidae – anchovies
Family Elopidae – ladyfishes
Family: Callanthiidae – goldies
Family: Emmelichthyidae – rovers[ 82]
Family: Haemulidae – rubberlips and grunters[ 83]
Family: Malacanthidae – tilefishes[ 85]
Family: Monodactylidae – moonies[ 86]
Family: Sciaenidae – kobs[ 87]
Argyrosomus inodorus [ 23] Kob, giant kob or kabeljou, Argyrosomus japonicus [ 4] [ 22] Argyrosomus hololepidotus (Lacepède, 1801)[ 4]
Geelbek, African weakfish, Cape salmon, Atractoscion aequidens [ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
Baardman or belman, Canary drum, Umbrina canariensis Cape of Good Hope through to Pakistan)[ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
Slender baardman, Umbrina ronchus Umbrina robinsoni Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908, (TMNP MPA).[ 23] Family: Sparidae – seabreams
Carpenter, Argyrozona argyrozona Cape Columbine to central KwaZulu-Natal)[ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
Fransmadam, Karel grootoog, Boopsoidea inornata Cape Columbine to central KwaZulu-Natal)[ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
Santer,Cheimerius nufar [ 23]
Dageraad, Chrysoblephus cristiceps Cape Point to Durban)[ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
Red stumpnose or Miss Lucy, Chrysoblephus gibbiceps Cape Point to East London )[ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
Roman, Chrysoblephus laticeps Cape Point to southern KwaZulu-Natal)[ 22] [ 4] [ 23]
Poenskop or black musselcracker , Cymatoceps nasutus Cape Columbine to Durban )[ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
Blacktail, Diplodus capensis [ 4] [ 22] Diplodus sargus capensis (Smith, 1844).[ 23]
Zebra, Diplodus hottentotus Diplodus cervinus hottentotus Cape Point to Sodwana Bay )[ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
Janbruin, John Brown, Gymnocrotaphus curvidens Cape Point to Durban )[ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
West coast steenbras, Lithognathus aureti Cape Town to Angola)[ 4] [ 22]
White steenbras , Lithognathus lithognathus Orange River to Durban )[ 4] [ 22] [ 23] Sand steenbras , striped seabream, Lithognathus mormyrus Cape of Good Hope and round to Mozambique)[ 4] [ 22] [ 23] Blue hottentot, Pachymetopon aeneum Cape Point to Sodwana Bay )[ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
Hottentot, Pachymetopon blochii Cape Agulhas )[ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
Bronze bream, Pachymetopon grande [ 23]
Red steenbras, Petrus rupestris Cape Point to Durban )[ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
Seventy-four seabream, Polysteganus undulosus [ 23]
Panga , Pterogymnus laniarius Cape Point to Transkei)[ 22] [ 4] [ 23] White stumpnose, Rhabdosargus globiceps East London )[ 22] [ 4] [ 23]
Cape stumpnose, Rhabdosargus holubi [ 23]
Strepie, karanteen, Sarpa salpa Cape Columbine to Maputo )[ 22] [ 4] [ 23]
Musselcracker, Sparodon durbanensis Cape Columbine to Durban )[ 4] [ 22] [ 23]
Windtoy, Spicara axillare Cape Town to Natal)[ 4] [ 88]
Steentjie, Spondyliosoma emarginatum Saldanha Bay to Durban )[ 22] [ 23] Family: Bregmacerotidae – codlets
Family Gadidae – cods
Family Macrouridae – grenadiers
Bathygadus favosus [ 4] Bathygadus melanobranchus [ 4] Surgeon grenadier, Coelorhinchus acanthiger [ 4] [ 91]
Shovelnose grenadier, Coelorhinchus braueri [ 4] [ 92]
Abyssal grenadier , armoured rat-tail, russet grenadier, smoothscale rattail, Coryphaenoides armatus [ 4] [ 93] Coryphaenoides striaturus [ 4] Gadomus capensis [ 4] Kuronezumia leonis Nezumia leonis (off Cape Point, Namibia, southwestern Atlantic)[ 4] [ 94] Softhead grenadier, softhead rat-tail, Malacocephalus laevis [ 4] [ 95]
Nezumia brevibarbata [ 4] Roughsnout grenadier, roughsnout rat-tail, Trachyrincus scabrus [ 4] [ 96] Family Melanonidae – melanonids
Family Merlucciidae – hakes
Family Moridae – deepsea cods
Blackcod, blue antimora, blue hake, Antimora rostrata [ 3] [ 100]
Guttigadus globiceps Laemonema globiceps (off south-western Cape coast)[ 3] [ 101] Lepidion capensis [ 3] Physiculus capensis [ 3] Tripterophycis gilchristi [ 3] Family Gobiesocidae – clingfishes[ 102]
Family: Gobiidae – gobies[ 103]
Subfamily Gobiinae
Agulhas goby, Caffrogobius agulhensis False Bay to East London )[ 4]
Banded goby, Caffrogobius caffer False Bay )[ 3] [ 4] [ 23]
Prison goby, Caffrogobius gilchristi Table Bay to Mozambique Island)[ 3] [ 4] Caffrogobius multifasciatus )
Barehead goby, Caffrogobius nudiceps Walvis Bay to East London )[ 3] [ 4] [ 23]
Commafin goby, Caffrogobius saldanha Saldanha Bay to southern Transkei)[ 4]
Knysna sandgoby, Psammogobius knysnaensis Port Nolloth to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[ 3] [ 4] [ 23]
Pelagic goby , Sufflogobius bibarbatus Port Nolloth to Saldanha Bay )[ 4] Family Gonorynchidae – beaked sandfish
Family Lampridae – opahs
Spotted opah, Jerusalem haddock, moonfish, Lampris guttatus [ 4] [ 104]
Southern opah, Lampris immaculatus [ 4] Family Lophotidae – crestfishes
Unicorn crestfish, Eumecichthys fiski [ 4]
Crestfish, Lophotus lacepede [ 4] Family Radiicephalidae – tapertails
Family Regalecidae – oarfishes
Family Trachipteridae – ribbonfishes
Family Ceratiidae – seadevils
Deepsea angler, twoclub angler, Ceratias holboelli [ 4] [ 106]
Ceratias tentaculatus [ 4] Triplewart seadevil, Cryptopsaras couesii [ 4] [ 107] Family Himantolophidae – footballfish
Family Melanocetidae – devil-anglers
Family Antennariidae – anglers
Family Lophiidae – monks[ 109]
Blackmouth angler, Lophiomus setigerus [ 4] [ 110]
Monkfish, devil anglerfish, Lophius vomerinus Lophius upsicephalus (off Cape of Good Hope; eastern South Atlantic and south western Indian Ocean off South Africa; Bay of Bengal off Burma)[ 4] [ 111] Lophius sp.[ 23] Family Mugilidae [ 112]
Groovy mullet, Chelon dumerili [ 23]
Flathead mullet, Mugil cephalus [ 23]
Harder, Chelon richardsonii Liza richardsonii (Smith, 1846), (TMNP MPA).[ 23] [ 113]
Striped mullet, Chelon tricuspidens [ 23] Family Myctophidae – lanternfishes
Bolinichthys supralateralis [ 4] Diaphus effulgens [ 4] Diaphus mollis [ 4] Diaphus taaningi [ 4] Electrona risso [ 4] Gonichthys barnesi [ 4] Gymnoscopelus braueri [ 4] Hygophum hanseni [ 4] Hygophum hygomii [ 4] Hygophum proximum [ 4] Lampadena notialis [ 4] Mirror lampfish, mirror lanternfish, Lampadena speculigera [ 4] [ 114]
Hector's lanternfish, Lampanyctodes hectoris [ 23]
Lampanyctus alatus [ 4] Southern lanternfish , Lampanyctus australis [ 4] [ 115] Lampanyctus festivus [ 4] Lampanyctus lepidolychnus [ 4] Rakery beaconlamp, Lampanyctus macdonaldi [ 4] [ 116]
Lampanyctus pusillus [ 4] Lampichthys procerus [ 4] Lobianchia dofleini [ 4] Lobianchia gemellarii [ 4] Metelectrona ventralis [ 4] Myctophum phengodes [ 4] Myctophum selenops [ 4] Nannobrachium atrum Lampanyctus ater (off all South African coasts; Atlantic (58° – 17°N and 15° – 40°S) and Indian Ocean (12° – 44°S))[ 4] [ 117] Notolychnus valdiviae [ 4] Patchwork lampfish, Notoscopelus resplendens [ 4] [ 118]
Protomyctophum normani [ 4] Scopelopsis multipunctatus [ 4] Symbolophorus barnardi [ 4] Family Halosauridae – halosaurs
Family Notacanthidae – spiny eels
Family Aphyonidae – aphyonids
Family Bythitidae – bythitids or brotulas
Megacataetyx niki Cataetyx niki [ 4] [ 123] Lesser orange brotula, Dermatopsoides talboti [ 4] [ 23]
Bighead brotula, Grammonus opisthodon Grammonoides opisthodon (Smith, 1934), (TMNP MPA).[ 23] [ 124] Family Ophidiidae – cuskeels
Family Alepocephalidae – slickheads
Family Opisthoproctidae – barreleyes
Family Microstomatidae
Family Bathylagidae
Melanolagus bericoides Bathylagus bericoides (Borodin, 1929) (off Cape Town, throughout tropical and subtropical seas)[ 4] [ 129] Family: Pseudochromidae – dottybacks
Subfamily: Congrogadinae – snakelets
Suborder: Cottoidei [ 130]
Family: Psychrolutidae – fatheads
Family: Liparidae – snailfishes
Suborder Percoidei [ 132]
Suborder Serranoidei [ 133]
Family: Serranidae – rockcods (groupers) and seabasses
Subfamily: Epinephelinae
Subfamily: Serraninae
Suborder Scorpaenoidei
Family: Congiopodidae – horsefishes
Family: Scorpaenidae
Family: Sebastidae
Family: Tetrarogidae – waspfishes[ 136]
Family: Triglidae – gurnards[ 137]
Suborder: Uranoscopoidei [ 139]
Family: Ammodytidae – Sandlances[ 140]
Family: Uranoscopidae – Stargazers
Suborder: Zoarcoidei
Family: Zoarcidae – Eelpouts
Family Cynoglossidae
Family Soleidae – soles
East Coast sole, Austroglossus pectoralis
Lemon sole, Barnardichthys fulvomarginata Solea fulvomarginata Gilchrist, 1904, (False Bay and eastwards)[ 6] [ 23]
Cape sole, Heteromycteris capensis [ 6] [ 23]
Blackhand sole, Pegusa nasuta Solea bleekeri Boulenger, 1898, (TMNP MPA).[ 23] [ 141]
Lace sole, Synapturichthys kleinii [ 6] [ 142] [ 23] Family Cyematidae – arrow eels
Family: Ariommatidae
Family: Bramidae – pomfrets[ 144]
Family: Caristiidae
Family: Centrolophidae – Ruffs
Black ruff, Centrolophus niger [ 4]
Antarctic butterfish, Hyperoglyphe antarctica [ 4]
Schedophilus huttoni Cape Town , common off Namibia)[ 4] Black butterfish or peregrine driftfish, Schedophilus velaini [ 4] Hyperoglyphe moselii (Cunningham, 1910))
Flabby driftfish, Tubbia tasmanica [ 4] Family: Chiasmodontidae – Swallowers[ 146]
Family: Gempylidae – snake mackerels[ 147]
Snake mackerel , Gempylus serpens [ 4] Escolar , Lepidocybium flavobrunneum [ 4] Sackfish, Neoepinnula orientalis [ 4]
Oilfish , Ruvettus pretiosus [ 4] Snoek, Thyrsites atun Port Elizabeth )[ 3] [ 4] [ 23] Family: Nomeidae – Driftfishes[ 148]
Black fathead, Cubiceps baxteri [ 4]
Blue fathead , Cubiceps caeruleus [ 4] Cape fathead, Cubiceps capensis [ 4]
Longfin fathead, Cubiceps pauciradiatus [ 4]
Bluebottle fish, Nomeus gronovii [ 4] [ 23]
Banded driftfish, Psenes arafurensis [ 4]
Freckled driftfish, Psenes cyanophrys [ 4]
Silver driftfish, Psenes maculatus [ 4]
Blackrag, Psenes pellucidus [ 4]
Shadow driftfish, Cubiceps whiteleggii Psenes whiteleggi Waite, 1894 (Indian Ocean and Australia)[ 4] Family: Pomatomidae – elf[ 149]
Family: Scombridae – tunas, mackerels and bonitos[ 150]
Subfamily: Gasterochismatinae
Subfamily: Scombrinae
Wahoo , Acanthocybium solandri Algoa Bay , off Durban , and Sodwana Bay . one record west of Cape Point )[ 4] Slender tuna , Allothunnus fallai Miller's Point and Rooikrans in False Bay )[ 4] Bullet tuna , Auxis rochei Hout Bay , Mossel Bay and Natal)Frigate tuna , Auxis thazard [ 3] Skipjack tuna , Katsuwonus pelamis False Bay , Algoa Bay to Delagoa Bay )[ 3] [ 4] [ 23] Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda [ 23]
Mackerel, chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus [ 3] [ 4] [ 23]
Albacore or longfin tunny, Thunnus alalunga [ 4] Yellowfin tuna , Thunnus albacares [ 4] Southern bluefin tuna , Thunnus maccoyii [ 4] Bigeye tuna , Thunnus obesus [ 4] Bluefin tuna , Thunnus thynnus Agulhas Bank and False Bay )[ 4] Family: Stromateidae
Family: Tetragonuridae – Squaretails
Family: Trichiuridae – frostfishes[ 151]
Buttersnoek, Lepidopus caudatus [ 4]
Cutlass fish, Trichiurus lepturus [ 4] Family Ariidae – sea catfishes
Family Gonostomatidae – bristlemouths
Cyclothone acclinidens [ 4] Veiled anglemouth, Cyclothone microdon [ 4] [ 152]
Bicolored bristlemouth, tan bristlemouth Cyclothone pallida [ 4]
Diplophos rebainsi [ 4] Diplophos taenia [ 4] Gonostoma denudatum [ 4] Sigmops bathyphilus Gonostoma bathyphilum (off Cape Point; temperate/subtropical Atlantic and Pacific oceans)[ 4] [ 153] Family Phosichthyidae – lightfishes
Ichthyococcus australis [ 4] Slender lightfish Vinciguerria attenuata [ 4] [ 154] Family Sternoptychidae – hatchetfishes
Muller's pearlsides, Maurolicus muelleri [ 4] [ 155]
Lightfish, Maurolicus walvisensis [ 23]
Valenciennellus tripunctulatus Valenciennellus tripunctatus (all oceans, tropical, subtropical and temperate waters)[ 4] [ 156] Atlantic silver hatchetfish, longspine silver hatchetfish, Argyropelecus aculeatus [ 4] [ 157]
Greater silver hatchetfish, Argyropelecus gigas [ 4] [ 158]
Short silver hatchetfishArgyropelecus hemigymnus [ 4] [ 159]
Transparent hatchetfish, Sternoptyx diaphana [ 4] [ 160]
Sternoptyx pseudodiaphana [ 4] Family: Stomiidae
Astronesthes boulengeri [ 4] Astronesthes indicus [ 4] Bathophilus digitatus [ 4] Bathophilus longipinnis [ 4] Bathophilus nigerrimus [ 4] Chauliodus sloani [ 4] Echiostoma barbatum [ 4] Eustomias bulbornatus [ 4] Eustomias filifer [ 4] Eustomias grandibulbus [ 4] Eustomias lipochirus [ 4] Eustomias schmidti [ 4] Eustomias trewavasae [ 4] Leptostomias gladiator [ 4] Melanostomias niger [ 4] Melanostomias valdiviae [ 4] Opostomias micripnus [ 4] Opostomias gibsonpacei Barnard, 1948)Pachystomias microdon [ 4] Photonectes braueri [ 4] Photonectes parvimanus [ 4] Trigonolampa miriceps [ 4] Boa dragonfish, scaly dragonfish, Stomias boa boa Risso , 1810) (offshore throughout southern Africa)[ 4] [ 161]
Stomias longibarbatus Macrostomias longibarbatus (taken once off Cape of Good Hope, widespread in subtropical and tropical Atlantic and tropical Indian and Pacific oceans)[ 4] [ 162] Family Centriscidae – snipefishes and shrimpfishes
Family Fistulariidae – flutemouths
Serrate flutemouth, Fistularia petimba [ 4] Family Syngnathidae – seahorses and pipefishes
Family Diodontidae
Family Molidae [ 165]
Family Ostraciidae
Family Tetraodontidae – puffers
Family Oreosomatidae
Family Zeidae
Reptiles
Mostly vagrant turtles and the occasional sea snake.
Family Dermochelyidae
Family Cheloniidae
Family Elapidae
Birds
As of 2022, 39 species of seabirds and shorebirds are known to use the marine protected area.
12 species of seabird nest in the TMNP MPA, six of these are endemic to the region. Four of the endemics are listed as endangered, one is near threatened, and one is of least concern.
Family: Charadriidae
African oystercatcher , Haemotopus moquini (Bonaparte, 1856)[ 3] [ 167] Black oystercatcher , Haematopus bachmani [ 167] Grey plover , black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola [ 167] White-fronted plover , Charadrius marginatus [ 167] Family Laridae
Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia [ 167]
Grey-headed gull Larus cirrocephalus [ 167]
Southern African kelp gull, Larus dominicanus Larus dominicanus vetula , (TMNP MPA).[ 167]
Hartlaub's gull Larus hartlaubii [ 167]
Greater crested tern, swift tern, Sterna bergii Thalasseus bergii [ 167] [ 168]
Common tern, Sterna hirundo [ 167]
Sandwich tern Sterna sandvicensis Thalasseus sandvicensis (Latham, 1787), (TMNP MPA).[ 167]
Antarctic tern, Sterna vittata [ 167]
Damara tern, Sternula balaenarum [ 167]
Sabine's gull, Xema sabini [ 167] Family Scolopacidae
Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres [ 167]
Sanderling Calidris alba [ 167]
Red knot, Calidris canutus [ 167]
Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica [ 167]
Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus [ 167] Family Stercorariidae
Family Ardeidae
Family Anhingidae
Family Pelecanidae
Family Threskiornithidae
Family Phoenicopteridae
Family Diomedeidae
Family Procellaridae
Pintado, Cape petrel, Daption capense [ 167]
Southern giant petrel, Macronectes giganteus [ 167]
White-chinned petrel, Procellaria aequinoctialis [ 167]
Sooty shearwater, Puffinus griseus [ 167] Family Hydrobatidae
Family: Spheniscidae
Family Sulidae – gannets and boobies
Cape gannet , Morus capensis [ 3] [ 167] Family: Phalacrocoracidae – Cormorants
Crowned cormorant , Microcarbo coronatus [ 3] [ 167] Cape cormorant , Phalacrocorax capensis [ 3] [ 167] Great cormorant , white-breasted cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo [ 167] Bank cormorant , Phalacrocorax neglectus [ 3] [ 167]
Mammals
Family Mustelidae – weasels and others
Subfamily Lutrinae – otters
Family Otariidae – eared seals
Family Phocidae – true seals
Superfamily Mysticeti – baleen whales [ 171]
Family Balaenidae – right whales
Southern right whale, Eubalaena australis [ 3] [ 170] Family Balaenopteridae – rorquals
Family Neobalaenidae
Superfamily Odontoceti
Family Delphinidae – oceanic dolphins
Heaviside's dolphin , Cephalorhynchus heavisidii [ 170] [ 172] Long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis Delphinus capensis [ 3] [ 170] [ 173]
Dusky dolphin , Lagenorhynchus obscurus Sagmatias obscurus [ 3] [ 174] [ 175] Killer whale, orca , Orcinus orca [ 3] [ 170]
False killer whale , Pseudorca crassidens [ 170] Striped dolphin , Stenella coeruleoalba [ 170] Common bottlenose dolphin , Tursiops truncatus [ 3] [ 170]
Geographical position of places mentioned in species ranges
Agulhas Bank , Western Cape 35°30′S 21°00′E / 35.5°S 21°E / -35.5; 21 Algoa Bay , Eastern Cape , 33°55′S 25°42′E / 33.917°S 25.700°E / -33.917; 25.700 Bashee River , Eastern Cape 32°15′S 28°54′E / 32.250°S 28.900°E / -32.250; 28.900 Beira, Mozambique 19°50′S 34°51′E / 19.833°S 34.850°E / -19.833; 34.850 Blaauwberg , Western Cape, 33°48′S 18°27′E / 33.800°S 18.450°E / -33.800; 18.450 Cape Agulhas , Western Cape, 34°50′00″S 20°00′09″E / 34.83333°S 20.00250°E / -34.83333; 20.00250 Cape Columbine , Western Cape, 32°49′39″S 17°51′23″E / 32.82750°S 17.85639°E / -32.82750; 17.85639 Cape Frio , Namibia, 18°26′12″S 12°00′17″E / 18.43667°S 12.00472°E / -18.43667; 12.00472 Cape of Good Hope , Western Cape, 34°21′29″S 018°28′19″E / 34.35806°S 18.47194°E / -34.35806; 18.47194 Cape Province , or South Africa)Cape Peninsula , Western Cape 34°12′S 18°24′E / 34.200°S 18.400°E / -34.200; 18.400 Coffee Bay , Eastern Cape, 31°58′S 29°09′E / 31.967°S 29.150°E / -31.967; 29.150 Dassen Island , Western Cape, 33°25′S 18°5′E / 33.417°S 18.083°E / -33.417; 18.083 Dassie Point , False Bay,Delagoa Bay , Mozambique, 25°59′S 32°42′E / 25.983°S 32.700°E / -25.983; 32.700 Doring Bay (Doringbaai ), Western Cape, 31°49′S 18°14′E / 31.817°S 18.233°E / -31.817; 18.233
Durban , KwaZulu-Natal, 29°51′S 31°01′E / 29.850°S 31.017°E / -29.850; 31.017 East London , Eastern Cape, 32°59′S 027°52′E / 32.983°S 27.867°E / -32.983; 27.867 Elands Bay , Western Cape, 32°18′S 18°19′E / 32.300°S 18.317°E / -32.300; 18.317 False Bay , Western Cape, 34°14′S 18°39′E / 34.233°S 18.650°E / -34.233; 18.650 Gordon's Bay Western Cape 34°10′00″S 18°52′00″E / 34.16667°S 18.86667°E / -34.16667; 18.86667 Hermanus , Western Cape, 34°25′S 19°14′E / 34.417°S 19.233°E / -34.417; 19.233 Hout Bay , Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, 34°03′30″S 18°21′20″E / 34.05833°S 18.35556°E / -34.05833; 18.35556 Inhaca , Mozambique, 26°0′S 32°55′E / 26.000°S 32.917°E / -26.000; 32.917 Jeffrey's Bay , Eastern Cape, 34°2′S 24°55′E / 34.033°S 24.917°E / -34.033; 24.917 Kei River , Eastern Cape, 32°40′35″S 28°23′10″E / 32.67639°S 28.38611°E / -32.67639; 28.38611 Knysna , Western Cape, 34°05′02″S 23°03′37″E / 34.08389°S 23.06028°E / -34.08389; 23.06028 Kommetjie , Western Cape, 34°08′S 18°19′E / 34.133°S 18.317°E / -34.133; 18.317 Kosi Bay , Kwa-Zulu-Natal, 26°54′06″S 32°51′59″E / 26.90167°S 32.86639°E / -26.90167; 32.86639 Lamberts Bay , Western Cape, 32°05′24″S 18°18′10″E / 32.09000°S 18.30278°E / -32.09000; 18.30278 Langebaan Lagoon, Western Cape, 33°09′S 18°04′E / 33.150°S 18.067°E / -33.150; 18.067 Limpopo River , Mozambique, 25°10′S 33°35′E / 25.167°S 33.583°E / -25.167; 33.583 Lüderitz , Namibia, 26°38′53″S 15°9′34″E / 26.64806°S 15.15944°E / -26.64806; 15.15944 Mabibi , (Mbibi) Kwa-Zulu-Natal, 29°20′10″S 32°45′10″E / 29.33611°S 32.75278°E / -29.33611; 32.75278 Mazeppa Bay , Eastern Cape, 32°28′41″S 28°39′04″E / 32.478°S 28.651°E / -32.478; 28.651 Melkbosstrand , Western Cape, 33°43′38″S 18°26′06″E / 33.72722°S 18.43500°E / -33.72722; 18.43500 Miller's Point , Cape Peninsula, 34°13′51.6″S 18°28′26.4″E / 34.231000°S 18.474000°E / -34.231000; 18.474000 Mossel Bay , Western Cape, 34°11′S 22°08′E / 34.183°S 22.133°E / -34.183; 22.133 Möwe Point (Namibia),19°22′47.85″S 12°42′29.02″E / 19.3799583°S 12.7080611°E / -19.3799583; 12.7080611 Muizenberg , False Bay, Western Cape, 34°07′S 018°28′E / 34.117°S 18.467°E / -34.117; 18.467 Noordhoek , Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, 34°07′S 18°21′E / 34.117°S 18.350°E / -34.117; 18.350 Olifants River (Western Cape) 31°42′S 18°13′E / 31.700°S 18.217°E / -31.700; 18.217 Onrust River , Western Cape, 34°25′8″S 19°10′44″E / 34.41889°S 19.17889°E / -34.41889; 19.17889 Orange River , Northern Cape, 28°38′S 16°27′E / 28.633°S 16.450°E / -28.633; 16.450 Plettenberg Bay , Western Cape, 34°03′S 023°22′E / 34.050°S 23.367°E / -34.050; 23.367 Port Alfred , Eastern Cape, 33°36′15″S 26°54′12″E / 33.60417°S 26.90333°E / -33.60417; 26.90333 Port Elizabeth , Eastern Cape, 33°58′S 25°35′E / 33.967°S 25.583°E / -33.967; 25.583 Port Nolloth , Northern Cape, 22°15′S 16°52′E / 22.250°S 16.867°E / -22.250; 16.867 Port St. Johns , KwaZulu-Natal, 31°37′40″S 29°33′20″E / 31.62778°S 29.55556°E / -31.62778; 29.55556 Richards Bay , KwaZulu-Natal, 28°48′S 32°06′E / 28.800°S 32.100°E / -28.800; 32.100 Rooikrans, Cape Peninsula 34°20′28″S 18°28′23″E / 34.34111°S 18.47306°E / -34.34111; 18.47306 Saldanha Bay , Western Cape, 33°01′S 17°59′E / 33.017°S 17.983°E / -33.017; 17.983 Slangkop , Cape Peninsula, 34°08′54.59″S 18°19′11.89″E / 34.1484972°S 18.3199694°E / -34.1484972; 18.3199694 Smitswinkel Bay , False Bay, Western Cape, 34°16′S 18°28′E / 34.267°S 18.467°E / -34.267; 18.467 Sodwana Bay , KwaZulu-Natal, 27°32′S 32°41′E / 27.533°S 32.683°E / -27.533; 32.683 Storms River , Eastern Cape, 34°01′15″S 23°54′10″E / 34.02083°S 23.90278°E / -34.02083; 23.90278 Strandfontein , False Bay, Western Cape, 34°05′22″S 18°33′18″E / 34.08944°S 18.55500°E / -34.08944; 18.55500 Strandfontein , Western Cape, 31°45′20″S 18°13′38″E / 31.75556°S 18.22722°E / -31.75556; 18.22722 Swakopmund , Namibia, 22°41′S 14°32′E / 22.683°S 14.533°E / -22.683; 14.533 Table Bay , Western Cape, 33°53′S 18°27′E / 33.883°S 18.450°E / -33.883; 18.450 Tsitsikamma , Eastern Cape, 34°01′18″S 22°53′44″E / 34.02167°S 22.89556°E / -34.02167; 22.89556 Umtata River 31°56′S 29°11′E / 31.933°S 29.183°E / -31.933; 29.183 Vulcan Rock , Cape Peninsula, 34°03′58″S 18°18′35″E / 34.06611°S 18.3097°E / -34.06611; 18.3097 Walvis Bay , Namibia, 22°57′22″S 14°30′29″E / 22.95611°S 14.50806°E / -22.95611; 14.50806 Windmill Beach Simon's Town, Cape Peninsula, 34°12′04″S 18°27′24″E / 34.201°S 18.45666667°E / -34.201; 18.45666667 Xora River , Eastern Cape, 32°09′00″S 28°59′00″E / 32.15°S 28.983333°E / -32.15; 28.983333
See also
References
^ a b "South African National Parks – SANParks – Official Website – Accommodation, Activities, Prices, Reservations" . sanparks.org . Retrieved 24 January 2021 .^ a b Kock, Alison; Stanbridge, Debbie; Brink, Rene; Holness, Stephen; Harris, Linda; Gardner, Kathryn; van Wilgen-Bredenkamp, Nicola; Mayekiso, Sisanda; Jones, Georgina. Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area – State of Knowledge Report March 2022 (PDF) . Internal Report 01 / 2022 (Report). Pretoria: Scientific Services, South African National Parks. Chapter 8: Research and monitoring. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo Branch, G.M., Branch, M.L, Griffiths, C.L. and Beckley, L.E (2005): Two Oceans: a guide to the marine life of southern Africa ISBN 0-86486-672-0
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph pi pj pk pl pm pn po pp pq pr ps pt pu pv pw px py pz qa qb qc qd qe qf qg qh qi qj qk ql qm qn qo qp qq Ed. Smith, Margaret M, and Heemstra, P. Smith's sea fishes . South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown. Struik publishers, Cape Town, 2003.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au Kock, Alison; Stanbridge, Debbie; Brink, Rene; Holness, Stephen; Harris, Linda; Gardner, Kathryn; van Wilgen-Bredenkamp, Nicola; Mayekiso, Sisanda; Jones, Georgina. Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area – State of Knowledge Report March 2022 (PDF) . Internal Report 01 / 2022 (Report). Pretoria: Scientific Services, South African National Parks. Appendix II, Table 3: Sharks and rays. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Zsilavecz, Guido, Coastal Fishes of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay: A Divers' Identification Guide. SURG, Cape Town, 2005. ISBN 0-620-34230-7
^ a b c d e f King, D. & Fraser, V. More Reef Fishes and Nudibranchs Struik, Cape Town 2001. ISBN 1-86872-686-X
^ "Dasyatis thetidis Ogilby, 1899" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 October 2023 .^ "Dipturus pullopunctatus (Smith, 1964)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 20 August 2023 .^ "Rajella caudaspinosa (von Bonde & Swart, 1923)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 20 August 2023 .^ "Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 20 August 2023 .^ "Rajella ravidula (Hulley, 1970)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 20 August 2023 .^ "Amblyraja hyperborea (Collett, 1879)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 20 August 2023 .^ "Malacoraja spinacidermis (Barnard, 1923)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 20 August 2023 .^ "Raja straeleni Poll, 1951" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 19 March 2014 .^ "Leucoraja wallacei (Hulley, 1970)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 20 August 2023 .^ "Rajella barnardi (Norman, 1935)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 20 August 2023 .^ "Rajella leoparda (von Bonde & Swart, 1923)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 20 August 2023 .^ a b c King, Dennis. Reef fishes and corals: East coast of southern Africa. Struik, Cape Town, 1996. ISBN 1 86825 981 1
^ "Deania quadrispinosa (McCulloch, 1915)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 20 August 2023 .^ "Chaetodontidae Rafinesque, 1815" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as Branch, G.M. Griffiths, C.L. Branch, M.L. Beckley, L.E. Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. 5th impression, David Philip, Cape Town, 2000. ISBN 0-86486-250-4
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el Kock, Alison; Stanbridge, Debbie; Brink, Rene; Holness, Stephen; Harris, Linda; Gardner, Kathryn; van Wilgen-Bredenkamp, Nicola; Mayekiso, Sisanda; Jones, Georgina. Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area – State of Knowledge Report March 2022 (PDF) . Internal Report 01 / 2022 (Report). Pretoria: Scientific Services, South African National Parks. Appendix II, Table 4: Fish. ^ "Luvaridae Gill, 1885" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Champsodontidae Jordan & Snyder, 1902" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Epigonidae Poey, 1861" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Acropomatiformes" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Howella sherborni (Norman, 1930)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Pentacerotidae Bleeker, 1859" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Polyprionidae Bleeker, 1874" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Scombropidae Gill, 1862" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Bassanago albescens (Barnard, 1923)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Bathyuroconger vicinus (Vaillant, 1888)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Bailly, N. (2013). Gnathophis capensis " . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Nessorhamphus ingolfianus (Schmidt, 1912)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Avocettina acuticeps " . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson, 1848" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Venefica proboscidea (Vaillant, 1888)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Ophichthus serpentinus " . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Serrivomer beanii Gill & Ryder, 1883" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Diastobranchus capensis Barnard, 1923" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Simenchelys parasitica Gill, 1879" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson, 1862" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Bathysauropsis gracilis " . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Chlorophthalmus punctatus " . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Coccorella atlantica (Parr, 1928)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Bathypterois filiferus Gilchrist, 1906" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Bathypterois phenax Parr, 1928" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Ipnops agassizii Garman, 1899" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Scopelosaurus ahlstromi Bertelsen, Krefft & Marshall, 1976" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Scopelosaurus hamiltoni (Waite, 1916)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Scopelosaurus herwigi " . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Scopelosaurus meadi " . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Lestidiops jayakari jayakari (Boulenger, 1889)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Macroparalepis affinis Ege, 1933" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Magnisudis prionosa (Rofen, 1963)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Arctozenus risso (Bonaparte, 1840)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Sudis hyalina Rafinesque, 1810" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Benthalbella infans Zugmayer, 1911" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Lagiacrusichthys macropinna (Bussing & Bussing, 1966)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 August 2023 .^ "Benthalbella macropinna Bussing & Bussing, 1966" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Scopelarchus analis (Brauer, 1902)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Trachinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Chatrabus felinus " . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Cheilopogon altipennis (Valenciennes, 1847)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 August 2023 .^ "Pavoclinus caeruleopunctatus Zsilavecz, 2001" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Callionymidae Bonaparte, 1831" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Coryphaenidae Rafinesque, 1815" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Echeneidae Rafinesque, 1810" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Istiophoridae Rafinesque, 1815" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Rachycentridae Gill, 1896" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Xiphiidae Rafinesque, 1815" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Cheilodactylidae Bonaparte, 1850" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ a b c d e f g Jones, Georgina. A Field Guide to the Marine Animals of the Cape Peninsula. SURG, Cape Town, 2008. ISBN 978-0-620-41639-9
^ "Kyphosidae Jordan, 1887" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Oplegnathidae Bleeker, 1853" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Etrumeus whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Engraulis japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 April 2013 .^ "Emmelichthyidae Poey, 1867" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Haemulidae Gill, 1885" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ a b c d e Heemstra, Phil & Heemstra, Elaine. Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa NISC/SAIAB Grahamstown, 2004. ISBN 1-920033-01-7
^ "Malacanthidae Poey, 1861" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Monodactylidae Jordan & Evermann, 1898" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Sciaenidae Cuvier, 1829" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Spicara axillare (Boulenger, 1900)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species .^ "Bregmaceros atlanticus Goode & Bean, 1886" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Bregmaceros mcclellandi Thompson, 1840" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Coelorinchus acanthiger Barnard, 1925" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Coelorinchus braueri Barnard, 1925" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Coryphaenoides armatus (Hector, 1875)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Kuronezumia leonis (Barnard, 1925)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe, 1843)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Trachyrincus scabrus (Rafinesque, 1810)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Melanonus gracilis Günther, 1878" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Merluccius capensis Castelnau, 1861" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Merluccius paradoxus Franca, 1960" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Antimora rostrata (Günther, 1878)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Guttigadus globiceps (Gilchrist, 1906)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Gobiesocidae Bleeker, 1859" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Gobiiformes" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 25 April 2013 .^ "Agrostichthys parkeri (Benham, 1904)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 25 April 2013 .^ "Ceratias holboelli Krøyer, 1845" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Cryptopsaras couesii Gill, 1883" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Himantolophus groenlandicus Reinhardt, 1837" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Lophiidae Rafinesque, 1810" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Lophiomus setigerus " . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Lophius vomerinus Valenciennes, 1837" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 27 April 2013 .^ "Mugilidae Jarocki, 1822" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Liza richardsonii (Smith, 1846)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Lampadena speculigera Goode & Bean, 1896" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 28 April 2013 .^ "Lampanyctus australis " . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 28 April 2013 .^ "Lampanyctus macdonaldi (Goode & Bean, 1896)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 28 April 2013 .^ "Nannobrachium atrum (Tåning, 1928)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 28 April 2013 .^ "Notoscopelus resplendens (Richardson, 1845)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 28 April 2013 .^ "Aldrovandia affinis (Günther, 1877)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Aldrovandia phalacra (Vaillant, 1888)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Halosauropsis macrochir (Günther, 1878)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Polyacanthonotus rissoanus (De Filippi & Verany, 1857)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2013 .^ "Megacataetyx niki (Cohen, 1981)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 October 2023 .^ "Grammonus opisthodon Smith, 1934" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 October 2023 .^ "Dicrolene multifilis " . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 28 April 2013 .^ "Porogadus miles Goode & Bean, 1885" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 28 April 2013 .^ "Selachophidium guentheri Gilchrist, 1903" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 28 April 2013 .^ "Xenodermichthys copei (Gill, 1884)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 28 April 2013 .^ "Melanolagus bericoides (Borodin, 1929)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 28 April 2013 .^ "Cottoidei" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Psednos micrurus Barnard, 1927" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 August 2023 .^ "Percoidei" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Serranoidei" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 August 2023 .^ "Congiopodus spinifer (Smith, 1839)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Tetrarogidae Smith, 1949" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Triglidae Rafinesque, 1815" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 18 January 2010 .^ "Trachinoidei" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Uranoscopoidei" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Solea bleekeri Boulenger, 1898" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Synapturichthys kleinii (Risso, 1827)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 August 2023 .^ "Neocyema erythrosoma Castle, 1978" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 25 April 2013 .^ "Bramidae Bonaparte, 1831" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Caristius fasciatus (Borodin, 1930)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Chiasmodontidae Jordan & Gilbert, 1883" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Gempylidae Gill, 1862" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Nomeidae Günther, 1860" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Pomatomidae Gill, 1863" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Scombridae Rafinesque, 1815" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ "Trichiuridae Rafinesque, 1810" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2 November 2023 .^ "Cyclothone microdon (Günther, 1878)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 29 April 2013 .^ "Sigmops bathyphilus (Vaillant, 1884)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 30 April 2013 .^ "Vinciguerria attenuata (Cocco, 1838)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 30 April 2013 .^ "Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin, 1789)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 30 April 2013 .^ "Valenciennellus tripunctulatus (Esmark, 1871)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 30 April 2013 .^ "Argyropelecus aculeatus Valenciennes, 1850" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 30 October 2013 .^ "Argyropelecus gigas Norman, 1930" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 30 April 2013 .^ "Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco, 1829" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 30 April 2013 .^ "Sternoptyx diaphana Hermann, 1781" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 30 April 2013 .^ "Stomias boa boa (Risso, 1810)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 3 May 2013 .^ "Stomias longibarbatus (Brauer, 1902)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 31 October 2023 .^ "Centriscops humerosus (Richardson, 1846)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 August 2023 .^ Kuiter, R.H. 2009. Seahorses and their Relatives ISBN 9780977537211
^ "Molidae Bonaparte, 1835" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 October 2023 .^ a b c d Kock, Alison; Stanbridge, Debbie; Brink, Rene; Holness, Stephen; Harris, Linda; Gardner, Kathryn; van Wilgen-Bredenkamp, Nicola; Mayekiso, Sisanda; Jones, Georgina. Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area – State of Knowledge Report March 2022 (PDF) . Internal Report 01 / 2022 (Report). Pretoria: Scientific Services, South African National Parks. Appendix II, Table 7: Marine reptiles. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap Kock, Alison; Stanbridge, Debbie; Brink, Rene; Holness, Stephen; Harris, Linda; Gardner, Kathryn; van Wilgen-Bredenkamp, Nicola; Mayekiso, Sisanda; Jones, Georgina. Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area – State of Knowledge Report March 2022 (PDF) . Internal Report 01 / 2022 (Report). Pretoria: Scientific Services, South African National Parks. Appendix II, Table 5: Seabirds and shorebirds. ^ "Thalasseus bergii (Lichtenstein, 1823)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 October 2023 .^ a b BirdLife International (2020). "Spheniscus demersus " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 : e.T22697810A157423361. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697810A157423361.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Kock, Alison; Stanbridge, Debbie; Brink, Rene; Holness, Stephen; Harris, Linda; Gardner, Kathryn; van Wilgen-Bredenkamp, Nicola; Mayekiso, Sisanda; Jones, Georgina. Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area – State of Knowledge Report March 2022 (PDF) . Internal Report 01 / 2022 (Report). Pretoria: Scientific Services, South African National Parks. Appendix II, Table 6: Marine mammals. ^ "Mysticeti Flower, 1864" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 31 October 2023 .^ "Cephalorhynchus heavisidii (Gray, 1828)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 31 October 2023 .^ "Delphinus capensis Gray, 1828" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 31 October 2023 .^ "Sagmatias obscurus (Gray, 1828)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 31 October 2023 .^ "Lagenorhynchus obscurus (Gray, 1828)" . WoRMS . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 31 October 2023 .
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