List of Caryophyllales of South Africa

Caryophyllales (/ˌkærioʊfɪˈleɪliːz/ KARR-ee-oh-fil-AY-leez)[1] is an order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, beets, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. This order is part of the core eudicots.[2] The monophyly of the Caryophyllales has been supported by DNA sequences, cytochrome c sequence data and heritable characters such as anther wall development and vessel-elements with simple perforations.[3]

The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[4]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[5] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[6]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[7]

21 families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Aizoaceae

Main article: List of Aizoaceae of South Africa

Family Aizoaceae,[7] 169 genera have been recorded. Not all are necessarily currently accepted.

Amaranthaceae

Family: Amaranthaceae,[7]

Achyranthes

Genus Achyranthes:[7]

  • Achyranthes aspera L. not indigenous
    • Achyranthes aspera L. var. aspera, not indigenous
    • Achyranthes aspera L. var. pubescens (Moq.) C.C.Towns. not indigenous
    • Achyranthes aspera L. var. sicula L. not indigenous

Achyropsis

Genus Achyropsis:[7]

Aerva

Genus Aerva:[7]

Alternanthera

Genus Alternanthera:[7]

Amaranthus

Genus Amaranthus:[7]

Arthrocnemum

Formerly accepted genus Arthrocnemum:[7]

  • Arthrocnemum indicum (Willd.) Moq., accepted as Tecticornia indica (Willd.) K.A.Sheph. & Paul G.Wilson, indigenous
  • Arthrocnemum perenne (Mill.) Moss ex Fourc., accepted as Salicornia perennis Mill.

Atriplex

Genus Atriplex:[7]

Bassia

Genus Bassia:[7]

Beta

Genus Beta:[7]

Calicorema

Genus Calicorema:[7]

Celosia

Genus Celosia:[7]

Centema

Genus Centema:[7]

Chenolea

Genus Chenolea:[7]

Chenoleoides

Genus Chenoleoides:[7]

Chenopodium

Genus Chenopodium:[7]

Cyathula

Genus Cyathula:[7]

Dysphania

Genus Dysphania:[7]

Echinopsilon

Genus Echinopsilon:[7]

Einadia

Genus Einadia:[7]

Exomis

Genus Exomis:[7]

  • Exomis microphylla (Thunb.) Aellen, indigenous
    • Exomis microphylla (Thunb.) Aellen var. axyrioides (Fenzl) Aellen, endemic

Gomphrena

Genus Gomphrena:[7]

Guilleminea

Genus Guilleminea:[7]

Halopeplis

Genus Halopeplis:[7]

Halosarcia

Genus Halosarcia:[7]

Hermbstaedtia

Genus Hermbstaedtia:[7]

Kochia

Genus Kochia:[7]

Kyphocarpa

Genus Kyphocarpa:[7]

Leucosphaera

Genus Leucosphaera:[7]

Manochlamys

Genus Manochlamys:[7]

Nothosaerva

Genus Nothosaerva:[7]

Psilotrichum

Genus Psilotrichum:[7]

Pupalia

Genus Pupalia:[7]

  • Pupalia lappacea (L.) A.Juss. indigenous
    • Pupalia lappacea (L.) A.Juss. var. lappacea, indigenous

Salicornia

Genus Salicornia:[7]

Salsola

Genus Salsola:[7]

Sarcocornia

Genus Sarcocornia:[7]

Sericocoma

Genus Sericocoma:[7]

Sericorema

Genus Sericorema:[7]

Suaeda

Genus Suaeda:[7]

Tecticornia

Genus Tecticornia:[7]

Anacampserotaceae

Family: Anacampserotaceae,[7]

Anacampseros

Genus Anacampseros:[7]

Avonia

Genus Avonia:[7]

Talinum

Genus Talinum:[7]

Basellaceae

Family: Basellaceae,[7]

Cactaceae

Family: Cactaceae,[7]

Austrocylindropuntia

Genus Austrocylindropuntia:[7]

Cereus

Genus Cereus:[7]

Cylindropuntia

Genus Cylindropuntia:[7]

  • Cylindropuntia fulgida (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, not indigenous, naturalised
    • Cylindropuntia fulgida (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth var. fulgida, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
    • Cylindropuntia fulgida (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth var. mamillata (A.Schott ex Engelm.) Backeb. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Cylindropuntia imbricata (Haw.) F.M.Knuth, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (DC.) F.M.Knuth, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Cylindropuntia pallida (Rose) F.M.Knuth, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Cylindropuntia spinosior (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Echinocactus

Genus Echinocactus:[7]

Echinopsis

Genus Echinopsis:[7]

Harrisia

Genus Harrisia:[7]

Hylocereus

Genus Hylocereus:[7]

Myrtillocactus

Genus Myrtillocactus:[7]

Nopalea

Genus Nopalea:[7]

Opuntia

Genus Opuntia:[7]

Peniocereus

Genus Peniocereus:[7]

Pereskia

Genus Pereskia:[7]

Rhipsalis

Genus Rhipsalis:[7]

  • Rhipsalis baccifera (Sol.) Stearn, indigenous
    • Rhipsalis baccifera (Sol.) Stearn subsp. mauritiana (DC.) Barthlott, indigenous

Stenocereus

Genus Stenocereus:[7]

Tephrocactus

Genus Tephrocactus:[7]

Trichocereus

Genus Trichocereus:[7]

  • Trichocereus macrogonus (Salm-Dyck) Riccob. var. pachanoi (Britton & Rose) Albesiano & R.Kiesling, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive

Caryophyllaceae

Family: Caryophyllaceae,[7]

Agrostemma

Genus Agrostemma:[7]

Arenaria

Genus Arenaria:[7]

Cerastium

Genus Cerastium:[7]

Corrigiola

Genus Corrigiola:[7]

  • Corrigiola capensis Willd. indigenous
    • Corrigiola capensis Willd. subsp. capensis, endemic
  • Corrigiola litoralis L. indigenous
    • Corrigiola litoralis L. subsp. litoralis var. litoralis, indigenous
    • Corrigiola litoralis L. subsp. litoralis var. perennans, indigenous

Dianthus

Genus Dianthus:[7]

  • Dianthus albens Aiton, endemic
  • Dianthus basuticus Burtt Davy, indigenous
    • Dianthus basuticus Burtt Davy subsp. basuticus var. basuticus, indigenous
    • Dianthus basuticus Burtt Davy subsp. basuticus var. grandiflorus, indigenous
    • Dianthus basuticus Burtt Davy subsp. fourcadei S.S.Hooper, endemic
  • Dianthus bolusii Burtt Davy, endemic
  • Dianthus burchellii Ser. indigenous
  • Dianthus caespitosus Thunb. indigenous
    • Dianthus caespitosus Thunb. subsp. caespitosus, endemic
    • Dianthus caespitosus Thunb. subsp. pectinatus (E.Mey. ex Sond.) S.S.Hooper, endemic
  • Dianthus crenatus Thunb. endemic
  • Dianthus holopetalus Turcz. endemic
  • Dianthus kamisbergensis Sond. endemic
  • Dianthus laingsburgensis S.S.Hooper, endemic
  • Dianthus micropetalus Ser. indigenous
  • Dianthus mooiensis F.N.Williams, indigenous
    • Dianthus mooiensis F.N.Williams subsp. kirkii (Burtt Davy) S.S.Hooper, indigenous
    • Dianthus mooiensis F.N.Williams subsp. mooiensis var. dentatus, endemic
    • Dianthus mooiensis F.N.Williams subsp. mooiensis var. mooiensis, endemic
  • Dianthus namaensis Schinz, indigenous
    • Dianthus namaensis Schinz var. dinteri (Schinz) S.S.Hooper, indigenous
    • Dianthus namaensis Schinz var. junceus (Burtt Davy) S.S.Hooper, endemic
    • Dianthus namaensis Schinz var. namaensis, indigenous
  • Dianthus thunbergii S.S.Hooper, indigenous
    • Dianthus thunbergii S.S.Hooper forma maritimus S.S.Hooper, endemic
    • Dianthus thunbergii S.S.Hooper forma thunbergii, endemic
  • Dianthus transvaalensis Burtt Davy, indigenous
  • Dianthus zeyheri Sond. indigenous
    • Dianthus zeyheri Sond. subsp. natalensis S.S.Hooper, indigenous
    • Dianthus zeyheri Sond. subsp. zeyheri, endemic

Drymaria

Genus Drymaria:[7]

  • Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
    • Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. diandra (Blume) J.A.Duke, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Herniaria

Genus Herniaria:[7]

Holosteum

Genus Holosteum:[7]

Krauseola

Genus Krauseola:[7]

Moenchia

Genus Moenchia:[7]

Paronychia

Genus Paronychia:[7]

  • Paronychia brasiliana DC. not indigenous, naturalised
    • Paronychia brasiliana DC. var. pubescens Chaudhri, not indigenous, naturalised

Petrorhagia

Genus Petrorhagia:[7]

Pollichia

Genus Pollichia:[7]

Polycarpaea

Genus Polycarpaea:[7]

  • Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. var. corymbosa, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Polycarpaea eriantha Hochst. ex A.Rich. indigenous
    • Polycarpaea eriantha Hochst. ex A.Rich. var. effusa (Oliv.) Turrill, indigenous

Polycarpon

Genus Polycarpon:[7]

Sagina

Genus Sagina:[7]

Saponaria

Genus Saponaria:[7]

Scleranthus

Genus Scleranthus:[7]

Silene

Genus Silene:[7]

  • Silene aethiopica Burm. indigenous
    • Silene aethiopica Burm. subsp. longiflora J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenous
  • Silene bellidioides Sond. indigenous
  • Silene burchellii Otth, indigenous
    • Silene burchellii Otth subsp. modesta J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenous
    • Silene burchellii Otth subsp. multiflora J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenous
    • Silene burchellii Otth subsp. pilosellifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenous
    • Silene burchellii Otth var. angustifolia Sond. accepted as Silene burchellii Otth subsp. pilosellifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, present
    • Silene burchellii Otth var. burchellii, accepted as Silene burchellii Otth subsp. burchellii, indigenous
    • Silene burchellii Otth var. latifolia Sond. accepted as Silene burchellii Otth subsp. modesta J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, present
    • Silene burchellii Otth var. pilosellifolia, accepted as Silene burchellii Otth subsp. pilosellifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, present
  • Silene clandestina Jacq. accepted as Silene cretica L. present
  • Silene crassifolia L. endemic
    • Silene crassifolia L. subsp. crassifolia, endemic
    • Silene crassifolia L. subsp. primuliflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
  • Silene cretica L. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Silene dewinteri Bocquet, indigenous
  • Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • Silene eckloniana Sond. endemic
  • Silene gallica L. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Silene mundiana Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
  • Silene ornata Aiton, endemic
  • Silene pendula L. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Silene pilosellifolia Cham. & Schltdl. accepted as Silene burchellii Otth subsp. pilosellifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenous
  • Silene primuliflora Eckl. & Zeyh. indigenous
    • Silene primuliflora Eckl. & Zeyh. var. ciliata Fenzl ex Sond. accepted as Silene crassifolia L. subsp. primuliflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
    • Silene primuliflora Eckl. & Zeyh. var. primuliflora, indigenous
  • Silene rigens J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenous
  • Silene saldanhensis J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenous
  • Silene thunbergiana Bartl. accepted as Silene thunbergiana Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Sond. indigenous
  • Silene thunbergiana Eckl. & Zeyh. accepted as Silene thunbergiana Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Sond. indigenous
  • Silene thunbergiana Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Sond. endemic
  • Silene undulata Aiton, indigenous
    • Silene undulata Aiton subsp. polyantha J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenous
    • Silene undulata Aiton subsp. undulata, indigenous
  • Silene vlokii Masson, accepted as Silene primuliflora Eckl. & Zeyh. var. primuliflora, present
  • Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, not indigenous, naturalised
    • Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. macrocarpa (Marsden) Jones & Turrill, not indigenous, naturalised
    • Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. vulgaris, not indigenous, naturalised

Spergula

Genus Spergula:[7]

Spergularia

Genus Spergularia:[7]

Stellaria

Genus Stellaria:[7]

Telephium

Genus Telephium:[7]

Vaccaria

Genus Vaccaria:[7]

Corbichoniaceae

Family: Corbichoniaceae,[7]

Axonotechium

Genus Axonotechium:[7]

Corbichonia

Genus Corbichonia:[7]

Orygia

Genus Orygia:[7]

Didiereaceae

Family: Didiereaceae,[7]

Ceraria

Genus Ceraria, accepted as a synonym of Portulacaria:[8]

  • Ceraria fruticulosa H.Pearson & Stephens, accepted as Portulacaria fruticulosa (H.Pearson & Stephens) Bruyns & Klak, indigenous
  • Ceraria gariepina H.Pearson & Stephens, accepted as Portulacaria namaquensis Sond., indigenous
  • Ceraria namaquensis (Sond.) H.Pearson & Stephens, accepted as Portulacaria namaquensis Sond., indigenous
  • Ceraria pygmaea (Pillans) G.D.Rowley, accepted as Portulacaria pygmaea Pillans, indigenous
  • Ceraria schaeferi Engl. & Schltr. accepted as Portulacaria fruticulosa (H.Pearson & Stephens) Bruyns & Klak

Portulacaria

Genus Portulacaria:[7]

Droseraceae

Family: Droseraceae,[7]

Drosera

Genus Drosera:[7]

Frankeniaceae

Family: Frankeniaceae,[7]

Frankenia

Genus Frankenia:[7]

Nothria

Genus Nothria:[7]

Gisekiaceae

Family: Gisekiaceae,[7]

Gisekia

Genus Gisekia:[7]

  • Gisekia africana (Lour.) Kuntze, indigenous
    • Gisekia africana (Lour.) Kuntze var. africana, indigenous
    • Gisekia africana (Lour.) Kuntze var. cymosa Adamson, accepted as Gisekia africana (Lour.) Kuntze var. decagyna Hauman, present
    • Gisekia africana (Lour.) Kuntze var. decagyna Hauman, indigenous
    • Gisekia africana (Lour.) Kuntze var. pedunculata (Oliv.) Brenan, indigenous
  • Gisekia pharnacioides L. indigenous
    • Gisekia pharnacioides L. var. pharnacioides, indigenous

Kewaceae

Family: Kewaceae,[7]

Kewa

Genus Kewa:[7]

Limeaceae

Family: Limeaceae,[7]

Limeum

Genus Limeum:[7]

  • Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. indigenous
    • Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. subsp. aethiopicum var. aethiopicum, accepted as Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. var. aethiopicum, present
    • Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. subsp. aethiopicum var. fluviale, accepted as Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. var. fluviale (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Friedrich, present
    • Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. subsp. aethiopicum var. intermedium, accepted as Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. var. intermedium Friedrich, present
    • Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. subsp. namaense Friedrich var. lanceolatum, accepted as Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. var. lanceolatum Friedrich, present
    • Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. subsp. namaense Friedrich var. namaense, accepted as Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. var. glabrum Moq. present
    • Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. var. aethiopicum, endemic
    • Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. var. fluviale (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Friedrich, indigenous
    • Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. var. intermedium Friedrich, endemic
    • Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. var. lanceolatum Friedrich, indigenous
  • Limeum africanum L. indigenous
    • Limeum africanum L. subsp. africanum, endemic
    • Limeum africanum L. subsp. canescens (E.Mey. ex Fenzl) Friedrich, endemic
  • Limeum arenicolum G.Schellenb. indigenous
  • Limeum argute-carinatum Wawra ex Wawra & Peyr. indigenous
    • Limeum argute-carinatum Wawra ex Wawra & Peyr. var. argute-carinatum, indigenous
    • Limeum argute-carinatum Wawra ex Wawra & Peyr. var. kwebense (N.E.Br.) Friedrich, indigenous
  • Limeum deserticolum Dinter & G.Schellenb. indigenous
  • Limeum dinteri G.Schellenb. indigenous
  • Limeum fenestratum (Fenzl) Heimerl var. exalatum Friedrich, indigenous
    • Limeum fenestratum (Fenzl) Heimerl var. fenestratum, indigenous
    • Limeum fenestratum (Fenzl) Heimerl var. frutescens (Dinter) Friedrich, accepted as Limeum fenestratum (Fenzl) Heimerl var. fenestratum
  • Limeum humifusum Friedrich, indigenous
  • Limeum myosotis H.Walter, indigenous
    • Limeum myosotis H.Walter var. confusum Friedrich, indigenous
    • Limeum myosotis H.Walter var. myosotis, indigenous
  • Limeum pauciflorum Moq. endemic
  • Limeum pterocarpum (J.Gay) Heimerl, indigenous
    • Limeum pterocarpum (J.Gay) Heimerl var. apterum Friedrich, indigenous
    • Limeum pterocarpum (J.Gay) Heimerl var. pterocarpum, indigenous
  • Limeum rhombifolium G.Schellenb. indigenous
  • Limeum subnudum Friedrich, endemic
  • Limeum sulcatum (Klotzsch) Hutch. indigenous
    • Limeum sulcatum (Klotzsch) Hutch. var. gracile Friedrich, accepted as Limeum sulcatum (Klotzsch) Hutch. var. sulcatum, present
    • Limeum sulcatum (Klotzsch) Hutch. var. robustum Friedrich, accepted as Limeum sulcatum (Klotzsch) Hutch. var. sulcatum, present
    • Limeum sulcatum (Klotzsch) Hutch. var. scabridum (Klotzsch) Friedrich, indigenous
    • Limeum sulcatum (Klotzsch) Hutch. var. sulcatum, indigenous
  • Limeum telephioides E.Mey. ex Fenzl, indigenous
    • Limeum telephioides E.Mey. ex Fenzl var. schlechteri (G.Schellenb.) Friedrich, endemic
    • Limeum telephioides E.Mey. ex Fenzl var. telephioides, endemic
  • Limeum viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl, indigenous
    • Limeum viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. nummulifolium (H.Walter) Friedrich, indigenous
    • Limeum viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. transvaalense Friedrich, endemic
    • Limeum viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. viscosum var. dubium, indigenous
    • Limeum viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. viscosum var. glomeratum, indigenous
    • Limeum viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. viscosum var. kraussii, indigenous
    • Limeum viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. viscosum var. macrocarpum, indigenous
    • Limeum viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. viscosum var. viscosum, indigenous

Lophiocarpaceae

Family: Lophiocarpaceae,[7]

Lophiocarpus

Genus Lophiocarpus:[7]

Molluginaceae

Family: Molluginaceae,[7]

Adenogramma

Genus Adenogramma:[7]

Coelanthum

Genus Coelanthum:[7]

Glinus

Genus Glinus:[7]

Hypertelis

Genus Hypertelis:[7]

Mollugo

Genus Mollugo:[7]

Paramollugo

Genus Paramollugo:[7]

Pharnaceum

Genus Pharnaceum:[7]

Polpoda

Genus Polpoda:[7]

Psammotropha

Genus Psammotropha:[7]

Suessenguthiella

Genus Suessenguthiella:[7]

Nyctaginaceae

Family: Nyctaginaceae,[7]

Boerhavia

Genus Boerhavia:[7]

Bougainvillea

Genus Bougainvillea:[7]

Commicarpus

Genus Commicarpus:[7]

Mirabilis

Genus Mirabilis:[7]

Phaeoptilum

Genus Phaeoptilum:[7]

Pisonia

Genus Pisonia:[7]

Phytolaccaceae

Family: Phytolaccaceae,[7]

Hilleria

Genus Hilleria:[7]

Petiveria

Genus Petiveria:[7]

Phytolacca

Genus Phytolacca :[7]

Rivina

Genus Rivina:[7]

Plumbaginaceae

Family: Plumbaginaceae,[7]

Afrolimon

Genus Afrolimon:[7]

Dyerophytum

Genus Dyerophytum:[7]

Limonium

Genus Limonium:[7]

Plumbago

Genus Plumbago:[7]

Polygonaceae

Family: Polygonaceae,[7]

Antigonon

Genus Antigonon:[7]

Emex

Genus Emex:[7]

Fagopyrum

Genus Fagopyrum:[7]

Fallopia

Genus Fallopia:[7]

Oxygonum

Genus Oxygonum:[7]

  • Oxygonum alatum Burch. indigenous
    • Oxygonum alatum Burch. var. alatum, indigenous
  • Oxygonum delagoense Kuntze, indigenous
  • Oxygonum dregeanum Meisn. indigenous
    • Oxygonum dregeanum Meisn. subsp. canescens (Sond.) Germish. var. canescens, indigenous
    • Oxygonum dregeanum Meisn. subsp. canescens (Sond.) Germish. var. dissectum, endemic
    • Oxygonum dregeanum Meisn. subsp. canescens (Sond.) Germish. var. linearifolium, endemic
    • Oxygonum dregeanum Meisn. subsp. canescens (Sond.) Germish. var. lobophyllum, indigenous
    • Oxygonum dregeanum Meisn. subsp. canescens (Sond.) Germish. var. pilosum, endemic
    • Oxygonum dregeanum Meisn. subsp. dregeanum, endemic
    • Oxygonum dregeanum Meisn. subsp. lanceolatum Germish. indigenous
    • Oxygonum dregeanum Meisn. subsp. streyi Germish. endemic
    • Oxygonum dregeanum Meisn. subsp. swazicum (Burtt Davy) Germish. indigenous
  • Oxygonum robustum Germish. indigenous
  • Oxygonum sinuatum (Hochst. & Steud. ex Meisn.) Dammer, indigenous

Persicaria

Genus Persicaria:[7]

Polygonum

Genus Polygonum:[7]

Reynoutria

Genus Reynoutria:[7]

Rumex

Genus Rumex:[7]

Triplaris

Genus Triplaris:[7]

Portulacaceae

Family: Portulacaceae,[7]

Calandrinia

Genus Calandrinia:[7]

Claytonia

Genus Claytonia:[7]

Portulaca

Genus Portulaca:[7]

Tamaricaceae

Family: Tamaricaceae,[7]

Tamarix

Genus Tamarix:[7]

References

  1. ^ Clarke, Ian; Lee, Helen (2003). Name that Flower: The Identification of Flowering Plants. Melbourne University Publishing. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-522-85060-4.
  2. ^ Judd., W.; Campbell, C.; Kellogg, E.; Stevens, P.; Donoghue, M. (2008). Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach (3rd ed.). W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-87893-407-2.
  3. ^ Juan, R.; Pastor, J.; Alaiz, M.; Vioque, J. (1 September 2007). "Electrophoretic characterization of Amaranthus L. seed proteins and its systematic implications". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 155 (1): 57–63. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00665.x.
  4. ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
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