Tiniguan languages

Tiniguan
Tiniwan Pamiguan
Geographic distribution	Colombia
Linguistic classification	One of the world's primary language families
Subdivisions	Tinigua Pamigua† Majigua†
Language codes
Glottolog	None

The Tiniwan languages are two extinct and one moribund language of Colombia that form a small family.

Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with Andaqui.^[1]

Languages

The Tiniwan languages are:

• Tinigua (Tiniwa)
• Pamigua (Pamiwa) †
• Majigua †

Nothing is known about Majigua (Campbell 2012).^[2] It was once spoken on the Ariari River in the Meta region of Colombia.^[3]

Classification

Though data on Pamigua is extremely limited, the relationship seems to be fairly close: Tinigua manaxaí 'walk!', Pamigua menáxa 'let's go!'.

gloss	Tinigua	Pamigua
'eye'	zəti, zuti	sete
'man'	psätseyá	piksiga
'woman'	ñíza	ništá
'water'	ñikwáiši	nikagé
'fire'	ičísa	ekisá
'dog'	šámno	šannó
'jaguar'	žíña	šiñaga
'maize'	tʸoka	šukšá
'eleven'	čimatóse-kiésä	čipse ipa-kiaši

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Tinigua and Pamigua.^[3]

gloss	Tinigua	Pamigua
one	kiíe	chixanse
two	xädzá	saxansesá
three	dzapéxi	sanchikanse
head	zyíti	blusteá
eye	zúti	sete
tooth	yóto
man	xanóso	piksiga
water	ñinkwáshi	nikagé
fire	ichísa	ekisá
sun	níxo
maize	thóka	xuxá
jaguar	chíña	xiñagá

References

1. Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016). Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
2. Campbell, Lyle (2012). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". In Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle (eds.). The Indigenous Languages of South America. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 59–166. ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3.
3. Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.