Camazepam

 Nota: Não confundir com Clonazepam, nem com Clobazam, nem com Cinolazepam.
Camazepam
Alerta sobre risco à saúde
Nome IUPAC 7-chloro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl N,N-dimethylcarbamate
Identificadores
Número CAS 36104-80-0
PubChem 37367
DrugBank DB01489
ChemSpider 34285
ChEBI 1095282
Código ATC N05BA15
SMILES
Propriedades
Fórmula química C19H18ClN3O3
Massa molar 371.8 g mol-1
Farmacologia
Biodisponibilidade 90%
Via(s) de administração Oral
Metabolismo Hepático
Meia-vida biológica 6.4~10.5 horas
Excreção ​​Renal
Classificação legal


Schedule IV (US)

Página de dados suplementares
Estrutura e propriedades n, εr, etc.
Dados termodinâmicos Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Dados espectrais UV, IV, RMN, EM
Exceto onde denotado, os dados referem-se a
materiais sob condições normais de temperatura e pressão

Referências e avisos gerais sobre esta caixa.
Alerta sobre risco à saúde.

Camazepam[1] é uma droga benzodiazepínica, comercializada sob as marcas Albego, Limpidon e Paxor. É o éster do dimetil carbamato de temazepam, um metabólito do diazepam.[2] Embora possua propriedades ansiolíticas, anticonvulsivantes, relaxantes musculares esqueléticas e hipnóticas [3], difere de outras benzodiazepinas pois suas propriedades ansiolíticas são particularmente proeminentes, mas têm propriedades anticonvulsivantes, hipnóticas e relaxantes musculares esqueléticas relativamente limitadas.

Farmacologia

O camazepam, como outros benzodiazepínicos, produz uma variedade de efeitos terapêuticos e adversos ao se ligar receptor de benzodiazepina GABAA e modular a função do receptor GABA, o principal receptor inibitório do cérebro. O sistema químico e receptor GABA faz a mediação dos efeitos inibitórios e calmantes do camazepam no sistema nervoso. Em comparação com outros benzodiazepínicos, tem efeitos colaterais reduzidos, como cognição, tempos de reação e coordenação prejudicados,[4][5][6][7][8] que o torna mais adequado para uso ansiolítico. Estudos em animais demonstraram que o camazepam e seus metabólitos ativos possuem propriedades anticonvulsivantes.[9] Ao contrário de outros benzodiazepínicos, não interrompe os padrões normais de sono.[10] O camazepam demonstrou, em experiências com animais, ter uma afinidade muito baixa com o receptor GABAAem comparação com outros benzodiazepínicos.[11] Comparado ao temazepam, o camazepam mostrou propriedades ansiolíticas equivalentes, porém propriedades anticonvulsivantes, sedativas e de deficiência motora menores.

Farmacocinética

Após a administração oral, o camazepam é quase completamente absorvido pela corrente sanguínea, com 90% de biodisponibilidade em humanos.[12] No ser humano, o camazepam é metabolizado no metabólito ativo temazepam.[13] Estudos em cães mostraram que a meia-vida biológica variou entre 6,4 e 10,5h.[14]

Usos médicos

Camazepam é indicado para o tratamento de curto prazo da insônia e ansiedade. Como com outros benzodiazepínicos, seu uso deve ser reservado para pacientes nos quais o distúrbio do sono é grave, incapacitante ou causa sofrimento acentuado.

Efeitos colaterais

Com doses mais altas causa deficiências semelhantes às causadas por outros benzodiazepínicos, como padrões de sono desregulados e desempenho cognitivo prejudicado.[15] Aindam, foram relatados distúrbios de pele com o uso de camazepam.[16] Um estudo mostrou que o camazepam pode aumentar a atenção.[17]

Contraindicações

O uso de camazepam é contraindicado em indivíduos com hipersensibilidade conhecida ao medicamento ou alergia a outros benzodiazepínicos ou quaisquer excipientes contidos na forma farmacêutica. O uso de camazepam deve ser evitado ou monitorado cuidadosamente por profissionais médicos em indivíduos com as seguintes condições: miastenia gravis, deficiências hepáticas graves (por exemplo, cirrose ), apneia do sono, depressão respiratória preexistente ou insuficiência pulmonar crônica.

Ver também

Referências

  1. DE Patent 2142181
  2. «Camazepam versus placebo. A double-blind clinical study on geriatric patients suffering from psychic complaints. Short Communication». Arzneimittel-Forschung. 27: 2177–8. 1977. PMID 23793 
  3. «Enantiomer resolution of camazepam and its derivatives and enantioselective metabolism of camazepam by human liver microsomes.». Journal of Chromatography A. 666: 249–57. 1994. PMID 7911374. doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)80387-0 
  4. «Azirino1, 2-d1, 4benzodiazepine derivatives and related 1,4-benzodiazepines as anticonvulsant agents in DBA/2 mice». General Pharmacology. 27: 1155–62. 1996. PMID 8981061. doi:10.1016/S0306-3623(96)00049-3 
  5. «1,4-Benzodiazepine derivatives as anticonvulsant agents in DBA/2 mice». General Pharmacology. 27: 935–41. 1996. PMID 8909973. doi:10.1016/0306-3623(95)02147-7 
  6. «Anticonvulsant activity of azirino1,2-d1,4benzodiazepines and related 1,4-benzodiazepines in mice». Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 58: 281–9. 1997. PMID 9264104. doi:10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00565-5 
  7. «The medicinal treatment of anxiety in alcoholism in the withdrawal stage (author's transl)». Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift. 117: 1387–90. 1975. PMID 241014 
  8. «Reaction time to acoustic or visual stimuli after administration of camazepam and diazepam in man». Arzneimittel-Forschung. 30: 1021–4. 1980. PMID 6106497 
  9. «Receptor-mediated model relating anticonvulsant effect to brain levels of camazepam in the presence of its active metabolites». Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics. 14: 309–21. 1986. PMID 2878071. doi:10.1007/BF01106709 
  10. «Comparison between the central effects of camazepam and temazepam. Computerized analysis of sleep recordings». Neuropsychobiology. 11: 72–6. 1984. PMID 6146112. doi:10.1159/000118055 
  11. «Structure-affinity relationships between several new benzodiazepine derivatives and 3H-diazepam receptor sites». Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 34: 435–40. 1984. PMID 6144807. doi:10.1254/jjp.34.435 
  12. «Species differences in the disposition and metabolism of camazepam». Xenobiotica. 15: 1033–43. 1985. PMID 2868575. doi:10.3109/00498258509049098 
  13. «Quantitative determination of camazepam and its metabolite temazepam in man by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection». Il Farmaco; Edizione Pratica. 37: 15–9. 1982. PMID 6120096 
  14. Legheand J, Cuisinaud G, Bernard N, Riotte M, Sassard J (1982). «Pharmacokinetics of intravenous camazepam in dogs». Arzneimittel-Forschung. 32: 752–6. PMID 6127087 
  15. «Hypnotic activity and effects on performance of lormetazepam and camazepam--analogues of temazepam». British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 13: 433–9. 1982. PMC 1402107Acessível livremente. PMID 6120717. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01398.x 
  16. «Skin disorders caused by the use of camazepam (Albego)». Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde. 128: 870–2. 1984. PMID 6145108 
  17. «Visual perception under the influence of a tranquilizer (author's transl)». Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde. 177: 875–7. 1980. PMID 6110803. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1057748 
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