Regional indicator symbol

The regional indicator symbols are a set of 26 alphabetic Unicode characters (A–Z) intended to be used to encode ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 two-letter country codes in a way that allows optional special treatment.

These were defined by as part of the Unicode 6.0 support for emoji, as an alternative to encoding separate characters for each country flag. Although they can be displayed as Roman letters, it is intended that implementations may choose to display them in other ways, such as by using national flags.[1][2] The Unicode FAQ indicates that this mechanism should be used and that symbols for national flags will not be directly encoded.[3]

They are encoded in the range U+1F1E6 🇦 REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER A to U+1F1FF 🇿 REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER Z within the Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement block in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane.[4]

Emoji flag sequences

On some systems, two-letter country codes may appear instead of flags.[5]

A pair of regional indicator symbols is referred to as an emoji flag sequence (although it represents a specific region, not a specific flag for that region).[6]

Out of the 676 possible pairs of regional indicator symbols (26 × 26), only 270 are considered valid Unicode region codes. These are a subset of the region sequences in the Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR):[6][7][8]

  • All 256 regular region sequences in the CLDR
    • 249 officially assigned ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes
    • 6 exceptional reservations (Ascension Island, Clipperton Island, Diego Garcia, Ceuta and Melilla, Canary Islands, and Tristan da Cunha)
    • 1 user-assigned temporary country code (Kosovo)
  • Two of the 35 macroregion sequences in the CLDR (EU and UN)
  • All 12 deprecated region sequences in the CLDR (strongly discouraged—intended for backward compatibility only)
List of current emoji flag sequences
flag code region[9] possible rendering
🇦🇨 AC Ascension Island
🇦🇪 AE United Arab Emirates
🇦🇫 AF Afghanistan
🇦🇬 AG Antigua & Barbuda
🇦🇮 AI Anguilla
🇦🇱 AL Albania
🇦🇲 AM Armenia
🇦🇴 AO Angola
🇦🇶 AQ Antarctica
🇦🇷 AR Argentina
🇦🇸 AS American Samoa
🇦🇹 AT Austria
🇦🇺 AU Australia
🇦🇼 AW Aruba
🇦🇽 AX Åland Islands
🇦🇿 AZ Azerbaijan
🇧🇦 BA Bosnia & Herzegovina
🇧🇧 BB Barbados
🇧🇩 BD Bangladesh
🇧🇪 BE Belgium
🇧🇫 BF Burkina Faso
🇧🇬 BG Bulgaria
🇧🇭 BH Bahrain
🇧🇮 BI Burundi
🇧🇯 BJ Benin
🇧🇱 BL St. Barthélemy
🇧🇲 BM Bermuda
🇧🇳 BN Brunei
🇧🇴 BO Bolivia
🇧🇶 BQ Caribbean Netherlands
🇧🇷 BR Brazil
🇧🇸 BS Bahamas
🇧🇹 BT Bhutan
🇧🇻 BV Bouvet Island
🇧🇼 BW Botswana
🇧🇾 BY Belarus
🇧🇿 BZ Belize
🇨🇦 CA Canada
🇨🇨 CC Cocos (Keeling) Islands
🇨🇩 CD Congo - Kinshasa
🇨🇫 CF Central African Republic
🇨🇬 CG Congo - Brazzaville
🇨🇭 CH Switzerland
🇨🇮 CI Côte d'Ivoire
🇨🇰 CK Cook Islands
🇨🇱 CL Chile
🇨🇲 CM Cameroon
🇨🇳 CN China
🇨🇴 CO Colombia
🇨🇵 CP Clipperton Island
🇨🇶 CQ Sark
🇨🇷 CR Costa Rica
🇨🇺 CU Cuba
🇨🇻 CV Cape Verde
🇨🇼 CW Curaçao
🇨🇽 CX Christmas Island
🇨🇾 CY Cyprus
🇨🇿 CZ Czechia
🇩🇪 DE Germany
🇩🇬 DG Diego Garcia
🇩🇯 DJ Djibouti
🇩🇰 DK Denmark
🇩🇲 DM Dominica
🇩🇴 DO Dominican Republic
🇩🇿 DZ Algeria
🇪🇦 EA Ceuta & Melilla
🇪🇨 EC Ecuador
🇪🇪 EE Estonia
🇪🇬 EG Egypt
🇪🇭 EH Western Sahara
🇪🇷 ER Eritrea
🇪🇸 ES Spain
🇪🇹 ET Ethiopia
🇪🇺 EU European Union
🇫🇮 FI Finland
🇫🇯 FJ Fiji
🇫🇰 FK Falkland Islands
🇫🇲 FM Micronesia
🇫🇴 FO Faroe Islands
🇫🇷 FR France
🇬🇦 GA Gabon
🇬🇧 GB United Kingdom
🇬🇩 GD Grenada
🇬🇪 GE Georgia
🇬🇫 GF French Guiana
🇬🇬 GG Guernsey
🇬🇭 GH Ghana
🇬🇮 GI Gibraltar
🇬🇱 GL Greenland
🇬🇲 GM Gambia
🇬🇳 GN Guinea
🇬🇵 GP Guadeloupe
🇬🇶 GQ Equatorial Guinea
🇬🇷 GR Greece
🇬🇸 GS South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands
🇬🇹 GT Guatemala
🇬🇺 GU Guam
🇬🇼 GW Guinea-Bissau
🇬🇾 GY Guyana
🇭🇰 HK Hong Kong SAR China
🇭🇲 HM Heard & McDonald Islands
🇭🇳 HN Honduras
🇭🇷 HR Croatia
🇭🇹 HT Haiti
🇭🇺 HU Hungary
🇮🇨 IC Canary Islands
🇮🇩 ID Indonesia
🇮🇪 IE Ireland
🇮🇱 IL Israel
🇮🇲 IM Isle of Man
🇮🇳 IN India
🇮🇴 IO British Indian Ocean Territory
🇮🇶 IQ Iraq
🇮🇷 IR Iran
🇮🇸 IS Iceland
🇮🇹 IT Italy
🇯🇪 JE Jersey
🇯🇲 JM Jamaica
🇯🇴 JO Jordan
🇯🇵 JP Japan
🇰🇪 KE Kenya
🇰🇬 KG Kyrgyzstan
🇰🇭 KH Cambodia
🇰🇮 KI Kiribati
🇰🇲 KM Comoros
🇰🇳 KN St. Kitts & Nevis
🇰🇵 KP North Korea
🇰🇷 KR South Korea
🇰🇼 KW Kuwait
🇰🇾 KY Cayman Islands
🇰🇿 KZ Kazakhstan
🇱🇦 LA Laos
🇱🇧 LB Lebanon
🇱🇨 LC St. Lucia
🇱🇮 LI Liechtenstein
🇱🇰 LK Sri Lanka
🇱🇷 LR Liberia
🇱🇸 LS Lesotho
🇱🇹 LT Lithuania
🇱🇺 LU Luxembourg
🇱🇻 LV Latvia
🇱🇾 LY Libya
🇲🇦 MA Morocco
🇲🇨 MC Monaco
🇲🇩 MD Moldova
🇲🇪 ME Montenegro
🇲🇫 MF St. Martin
🇲🇬 MG Madagascar
🇲🇭 MH Marshall Islands
🇲🇰 MK North Macedonia
🇲🇱 ML Mali
🇲🇲 MM Myanmar (Burma)
🇲🇳 MN Mongolia
🇲🇴 MO Macao SAR China
🇲🇵 MP Northern Mariana Islands
🇲🇶 MQ Martinique
🇲🇷 MR Mauritania
🇲🇸 MS Montserrat
🇲🇹 MT Malta
🇲🇺 MU Mauritius
🇲🇻 MV Maldives
🇲🇼 MW Malawi
🇲🇽 MX Mexico
🇲🇾 MY Malaysia
🇲🇿 MZ Mozambique
🇳🇦 NA Namibia
🇳🇨 NC New Caledonia
🇳🇪 NE Niger
🇳🇫 NF Norfolk Island
🇳🇬 NG Nigeria
🇳🇮 NI Nicaragua
🇳🇱 NL Netherlands
🇳🇴 NO Norway
🇳🇵 NP Nepal
🇳🇷 NR Nauru
🇳🇺 NU Niue
🇳🇿 NZ New Zealand
🇴🇲 OM Oman
🇵🇦 PA Panama
🇵🇪 PE Peru
🇵🇫 PF French Polynesia
🇵🇬 PG Papua New Guinea
🇵🇭 PH Philippines
🇵🇰 PK Pakistan
🇵🇱 PL Poland
🇵🇲 PM St. Pierre & Miquelon
🇵🇳 PN Pitcairn Islands
🇵🇷 PR Puerto Rico
🇵🇸 PS Palestinian Territories
🇵🇹 PT Portugal
🇵🇼 PW Palau
🇵🇾 PY Paraguay
🇶🇦 QA Qatar
🇷🇪 RE Réunion
🇷🇴 RO Romania
🇷🇸 RS Serbia
🇷🇺 RU Russia
🇷🇼 RW Rwanda
🇸🇦 SA Saudi Arabia
🇸🇧 SB Solomon Islands
🇸🇨 SC Seychelles
🇸🇩 SD Sudan
🇸🇪 SE Sweden
🇸🇬 SG Singapore
🇸🇭 SH St. Helena
🇸🇮 SI Slovenia
🇸🇯 SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen
🇸🇰 SK Slovakia
🇸🇱 SL Sierra Leone
🇸🇲 SM San Marino
🇸🇳 SN Senegal
🇸🇴 SO Somalia
🇸🇷 SR Suriname
🇸🇸 SS South Sudan
🇸🇹 ST São Tomé & Príncipe
🇸🇻 SV El Salvador
🇸🇽 SX Sint Maarten
🇸🇾 SY Syria
🇸🇿 SZ Eswatini
🇹🇦 TA Tristan da Cunha
🇹🇨 TC Turks & Caicos Islands
🇹🇩 TD Chad
🇹🇫 TF French Southern Territories
🇹🇬 TG Togo
🇹🇭 TH Thailand
🇹🇯 TJ Tajikistan
🇹🇰 TK Tokelau
🇹🇱 TL Timor-Leste
🇹🇲 TM Turkmenistan
🇹🇳 TN Tunisia
🇹🇴 TO Tonga
🇹🇷 TR Türkiye
🇹🇹 TT Trinidad & Tobago
🇹🇻 TV Tuvalu
🇹🇼 TW Taiwan
🇹🇿 TZ Tanzania
🇺🇦 UA Ukraine
🇺🇬 UG Uganda
🇺🇲 UM U.S. Outlying Islands
🇺🇳 UN United Nations
🇺🇸 US United States
🇺🇾 UY Uruguay
🇺🇿 UZ Uzbekistan
🇻🇦 VA Vatican City
🇻🇨 VC St. Vincent & Grenadines
🇻🇪 VE Venezuela
🇻🇬 VG British Virgin Islands
🇻🇮 VI U.S. Virgin Islands
🇻🇳 VN Vietnam
🇻🇺 VU Vanuatu
🇼🇫 WF Wallis & Futuna
🇼🇸 WS Samoa
🇽🇰 XK Kosovo
🇾🇪 YE Yemen
🇾🇹 YT Mayotte
🇿🇦 ZA South Africa
🇿🇲 ZM Zambia
🇿🇼 ZW Zimbabwe

List of deprecated sequences
deprecated replacement[10][11]
code region flag code region possible rendering
AN Netherlands Antilles 🇨🇼 CW Curaçao
🇸🇽 SX Sint Maarten
🇧🇶 BQ Caribbean Netherlands
BU Burma 🇲🇲 MM Myanmar (Burma)
CS Serbia and Montenegro 🇷🇸 RS Serbia
🇲🇪 ME Montenegro
DD German Democratic Republic 🇩🇪 DE Germany
FX Metropolitan France 🇫🇷 FR France
NT Neutral Zone 🇸🇦 SA Saudi Arabia
🇮🇶 IQ Iraq
QU European Union 🇪🇺 EU European Union
SU Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 🇷🇺 RU Russia
🇦🇲 AM Armenia
🇦🇿 AZ Azerbaijan
🇧🇾 BY Belarus
🇪🇪 EE Estonia
🇬🇪 GE Georgia
🇰🇿 KZ Kazakhstan
🇰🇬 KG Kyrgyzstan
🇱🇻 LV Latvia
🇱🇹 LT Lithuania
🇲🇩 MD Moldova
🇹🇯 TJ Tajikistan
🇹🇲 TM Turkmenistan
🇺🇦 UA Ukraine
🇺🇿 UZ Uzbekistan
TP East Timor 🇹🇱 TL Timor-Leste
YD Democratic Yemen 🇾🇪 YE Yemen
YU Yugoslavia 🇷🇸 RS Serbia
🇲🇪 ME Montenegro
ZR Zaire 🇨🇩 CD Congo - Kinshasa

A separate mechanism (emoji tag sequences) is used for regional flags, such as England 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿, Scotland 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿, Wales 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿, Texas 🏴󠁵󠁳󠁴󠁸󠁿 or California 🏴󠁵󠁳󠁣󠁡󠁿.[12] It uses U+1F3F4 🏴 WAVING BLACK FLAG and formatting tag characters instead of regional indicator symbols. It is based on ISO 3166-2 regions with hyphen removed and lowercase, e.g. GB-ENG → gbeng, terminating with U+E007F CANCEL TAG. Flag of England is therefore represented by a sequence U+1F3F4, U+E0067, U+E0062, U+E0065, U+E006E, U+E0067, U+E007F. In the tenth revision the Unicode consortium was considering U+1F3F3 🏳 WAVING WHITE FLAG instead,[13] but from eleventh onwards it is black.[14] Some vendors choose to include custom zero-width joiner sequences that only show up on their platform, such as WhatsApp and their Refugee Nation Flag 🏳️‍🟧‍⬛️‍🟧.[15]

Unicode block

Main article: Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement (Unicode block)
Regional indicator symbols subset of Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement[1]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
... (U+1F100–U+1F1E5 omitted)
U+1F1Ex   🇦     🇧     🇨     🇩     🇪     🇫     🇬     🇭     🇮     🇯  
U+1F1Fx   🇰     🇱     🇲     🇳     🇴     🇵     🇶     🇷     🇸     🇹     🇺     🇻     🇼     🇽     🇾     🇿  
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0

Background

In 2007 a draft proposal was presented to the Unicode Technical Committee to encode emoji symbols, specifically those in widespread use on mobile phones by Japanese telecommunications companies DoCoMo, KDDI, and SoftBank.[16] The proposed symbols included ten national flags:[17] China (🇨🇳), Germany (🇩🇪), Spain (🇪🇸), France (🇫🇷), the UK (🇬🇧), Italy (🇮🇹), Japan (🇯🇵), South Korea (🇰🇷), Russia (🇷🇺), and the United States (🇺🇸). Encoding these flags but not other countries' flags was considered, by some, as prejudicial.[18] One rejected solution was to encode the ten flags but call them "EMOJI COMPATIBILITY SYMBOL-n" and represent them visually in the Standard as "EC n" instead of showing the flags they represent.[19] Another rejected solution would have allocated 676 codepoints (26×26) for each possible two letter combination of A–Z. They would represent political entities based on ISO 3166 such as "JP" for Japan or Internet ccTLDs (country code top-level domains) such as "EU" for the European Union.[20]

The accepted solution was to add 26 characters for letters used for the representation of regional indicators, which used in pairs would represent the ten national flags and possible future extensions.[2] Per the Unicode Standard "the main purpose of such [regional indicator symbol] pairs is to provide unambiguous roundtrip mappings to certain characters used in the emoji core sets"[21] specifically the ten national flags:[22] 🇨🇳, 🇩🇪, 🇪🇸, 🇫🇷, 🇬🇧, 🇮🇹, 🇯🇵, 🇰🇷, 🇷🇺, and 🇺🇸.

See also

References

  1. ^ Andrew West. "What's new in Unicode 6.0". Babelstone. Archived from the original on 2014-04-06. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  2. ^ a b Michael Everson and Ken Whistler. "N3727: Proposal to encode Regional Indicator Symbols in the UCS" (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  3. ^ "Unicode FAQ: Emoji and Dingbats". The Unicode Consortium. 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  4. ^ "Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement, Range 1F100 - 1F1FF, The Unicode Standard, Version 6.0" (PDF). Unicode Consortium. 2010. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  5. ^ "Flags". emojipedia.com. Retrieved 2020-02-04.
  6. ^ a b UTR #51: Unicode Emoji, Annex B: Valid Emoji Flag Sequences, Unicode Consortium web, 2024-08-15
  7. ^ "UTR #35: Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML), Validity Data". Unicode Consortium.
  8. ^ "CLDR Releases". Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR). 2024-10-23.
  9. ^ "UCD: Emoji Sequence Data for UTR #51". Unicode Consortium. 2024-05-01.
  10. ^ "UTR #35: Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML), Supplemental Metadata". Unicode Consortium.
  11. ^ "CLDR v38 Supplemental Metadata". Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR). 2020-10-28.
  12. ^ "UTR #51: Unicode Emoji". Unicode Consortium. 2017-05-18.
  13. ^ "UTR #51: Unicode Emoji".
  14. ^ "UTS #51: Unicode Emoji".
  15. ^ "WhatsApp Portal". Copy Paste Dump. R74n. 2020. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  16. ^ Momoi, Kat; Davis, Mark; Scherer, Markus (2007-08-03). "L2/07-257: Working Draft Proposal for Encoding Emoji Symbols". Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  17. ^ "Unicode Mapping for Emoji with Reference to Japanese Carriers, AU/KDDI, DoCoMo, and Softbank" (ZIP archive file format). Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  18. ^ "L2/09-114 N3607: Towards an encoding of symbol characters used as emoji" (PDF). 2009-04-06. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  19. ^ "INCITS/L2/09-304: Comments accompanying the U.S. negative vote on PDAM 8 to ISO/IEC 10646:2003 (SC2 N4078)" (PDF). 2009-08-15. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  20. ^ Pentzlin, Karl (2008-08-09). "L2/08-305: Some suggestions about the encoding of national flags as requested by the Emoji proposal" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  21. ^ The Unicode Standard, Version 6.2, Chapter 15: Symbols (PDF). Unicode, Inc. September 2012. p. 534. ISBN 978-1-936213-07-8.
  22. ^ "Emoji Sources" (plain text). Unicode, Inc. 2013-12-17. Retrieved 2014-08-18.

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Werner Max Moser Werner Max Moser (Karlsruhe, 16 luglio 1896 – Zurigo, 19 agosto 1970) è stato un architetto e designer svizzero, considerato uno dei rappresentanti del Modernismo e del movimento razionalista svizzero[1]. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Opere 3 Note 4 Bibliografia 5 Voci correlate 6 Altri progetti 7 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Campus dell'Indian Institute of Technology, a Kharagpur (1950) Chiesa Altstetten, a Zurigo (1936-1942) Grattacielo zur Palme, a Zurigo (1964) Ospeda...

 

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1854 novel by Charles Dickens You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (February 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a top...

 

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Pune Stock Exchange (PSE) was established in 1982. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) allowed the exchange to exit bourse business with an order on 13 April 2015. Earlier, the SEBI had allowed various stock exchanges including OTC Exchange of India, Cochin Stock Exchange, Ludhiana Stock Exchange, Gauhati Stock Exchange, Bhubaneswar Stock Exchange, Hyderabad Stock Exchange, Coimbatore Stock Exchange, Inter-connected Stock Exchange of India and Bangalore Stock Exchange to exit fr...

 

Black Water (2007 film)

This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (May 2022) 2007 Australian filmBlack WaterTheatrical release posterDirected byDavid NerlichAndrew TrauckiWritten byDavid NerlichAndrew TrauckiProduced byDavid NerlichMichael RobertsonAndrew TrauckiStarringDiana GlennMaeve DermodyAndy RodoredaCinematographyJohn BigginsEdited byRodrigo BalartMusic byRaf...

Uzi

Uzi Апісанне Тып: пісталет-кулямёт Краіна: Ізраіль Гады эксплуатацыі: з 1954 Гісторыя мадэлі Канструктар: Узіэль Галь Усяго выраблена: каля 10 000 000 Выраблялася: Israel Military Industries Характарыстыкі Маса, кг: 4 кг (з магазінам на 25 патронаў) Даўжыня, мм: 650/470 мм Даўжыня ствала, мм: 260 мм Кал...

 

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Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!