Killing of captives by the Islamic State

Executions by ISIS refers here to killing by beheading, immolation, shooting, or other means of soldiers and civilians (such as captives and "criminals") by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). ISIL has released a number of propaganda/publicity videos of beheadings or shootings of captives. Houtat Sulūk is reported to be a mass grave.^[1][2]

List of notable Islamic State executions

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Victim(s)	Sex(s)	Nationality(s) of victim(s)	Date of execution (approx.)	Place of execution (approx.)	Method(s)	Reason(s)
39 Indian migrant workers	?	Indian	June 2014	Mosul, Iraq	Unknown execution method	Failure to pay Ransom
1,095–1,700 Iraqi soldiers	M	Iraqi	June 12, 2014	Tikrit, Iraq	Shooting	Sectarian violence against Shi’ite Muslims in Iraq
200 Syrian soldiers	M	Syrian	July 16–26, 2014	Palmyra, Syria	Shooting	Revenge against the Syrian regime
75 Syrian soldiers	M	Syrian	July 25, 2014	Raqqa, Syria	Beheading	Holding position in Raqqa under allegiance to Bashar al-Assad
James Wright Foley	M	American	August 19, 2014	Raqqa, Syria	Beheading	Retaliation for the American airstrikes against the Islamic State in Iraq[3]
250 Syrian soldiers	M	Syrian	August 27–28, 2014	Tabqa, Syria	Shooting	Revenge against the Syrian regime
Sgt. Ali al-Sayyed	M	Lebanese	August 28, 2014	Arsal, Lebanon	Beheading	To send a message to Lebanon[4]
Unnamed Peshmerga soldier	M	Kurdish	August 29, 2014	Mosul, Iraq	Beheading	To send a message to the Peshmerga
Steven Joel Sotloff	M	Israeli-American	September 2, 2014	Badiya, Syria	Beheading	Failure to pay Ransom and continued American airstrikes against the Islamic State
Sol. Abbas Medlej	M	Lebanese	September 6, 2014	Arsal, Lebanon	Beheading and shooting	Attempting to escape from Islamic State captors
David Cawthorne Haines	M	British	September 13, 2014	Badiya, Syria	Beheading	Failure to pay Ransom and British airstrikes against the Islamic State
Samira Saleh Ali al-Naimi	F	Iraqi	September 22, 2014	Mosul, Iraq	Shooting	Criticizing the destruction of mosques and ancient artifacts, as well as being an “apostate”
Hervé Gourdel	M	French	September 24, 2014	Tikjda, Algeria	Beheading	French airstrikes against the Islamic State
Alan Henning	M	British	October 3, 2014	Badiya, Syria	Beheading	Failure to pay Ransom and the continued British airstrikes against the Islamic State
Sergei Gorbunov	M	Russian	October 25, 2014	Raqqa, Syria	Shooting	Failure to pay Ransom
Maj. Peter Edward Abdul-Rahman Kassig	M	American	November 16, 2014	Dabiq, Syria	Beheading	Failure to pay Ransom and the beginning of American airstrikes against the Islamic State in Syria
21 Syrian soldiers	M	Syrian	November 16, 2014	Dabiq, Syria	Beheading	To send a message to the Syrian regime and Western nations
100 foreign Islamic State fighters	?	?	December 2014	Raqqa, Syria	Beheading	Deserting from the Islamic State and trying to escape Raqqa
1st LT. Muath Safi Yousef al-Kasasbeh	M	Jordanian	January 3, 2015	Raqqa, Syria	Immolation	Failure to pay Ransom and in retaliation for Jordanian involvement in “Crusader” airstrikes against the Islamic State in Syria
Mamayev Jambulat Yesenjenovich	M	Kazakh	January 13, 2015	Damascus, Syria	Shooting	Spying for Russian intelligence
Ashimov Sergey Nikolayevich	M	Kazakh	January 13, 2015	Damascus, Syria	Shooting	Spying for Russian intelligence
Haruna Yukawa	M	Japanese	January 24, 2015	Deir ez-Zor, Syria	Beheading	Failure to pay Ransom and to send a message to Japan
Sol. Hujam Surchi	M	Kurdish	January 28, 2015	Mosul, Iraq	Beheading	To send a message to the Peshmerga and Masoud Barzani
Kenji Goto	M	Japanese	January 31, 2015	Raqqa, Syria	Beheading	Failure to pay Ransom and to send another message to Japan
10 alleged Egyptian spies	M	Egyptian	February 2015	Sinai, Egypt	Beheading	Alleged spying for the Mossad and the Egyptian army
Kayla Jean Mueller	F	American	February 6, 2015	Raqqa, Syria	Unknown execution method, Islamic State claimed that she had been killed in a Jordanian airstrike (proven wrong)	Failure to pay Ransom
1 Ghanaian and 20 Coptic Christians	M	Coptic Egyptian and Ghanaian	February 15, 2015	Tripolitania, Libya	Beheading	To send a message to the Christians and “Crusaders”, also to avenge Camelia Shehata Zakher
Mohamed Sa’id Ismail Musallam	M	48-Palestinian	March 10, 2015	Raqqa, Syria	Shooting	Alleged spying for Israel
3 Eritrean and 30 Ethiopian Christians	M	Ethiopian and Eritrean	April 19, 2015	Cyrenaica, Libya and Fezzan, Libya	Beheading and shooting	To send another message to the Christians and “Crusaders”, also to avenge Muslims who have been killed in U.S. led coalition airstrikes
Mahmud Abdul-Amir al-Khalaf	M	Iraqi	June 17, 2015	near the Tigris, Iraq	Crucifixion and amputation	Spying for the Peshmerga
16 Iraqi spies	M	Iraqi	June 23, 2015	Mosul, Iraq	RPG blast, drowning and detonating cord	Spying and giving away information about the Islamic State
Faisal Hussain al-Habib	M	Syrian	July 6, 2015	Raqqa, Syria	Shooting	Participating in the activist group “Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently”
Bashir Abduladhim	M	Syrian	July 6, 2015	Raqqa, Syria	Shooting	Participating in the activist group “Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently”
Rayif al-Abd	M	Syrian	July 16, 2015	Homs, Syria	Beheading	Fighting against the Islamic State under the Syrian army
10 Afghan spies	M	Afghan	August 9, 2015	Nangarhar, Afghanistan	IED	Spying for the Taliban
Tomislav Salopek	M	Croatian	August 12, 2015	Sinai, Egypt	Beheading	Failure to pay Ransom
Mohamed al-Mousa al-Jasim	M	Syrian	August 15, 2015	Raqqa, Syria	Shooting	Participating in the activist group “Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently”
Abdallah al-Khalaf al-Humaid al-Aydan	M	Syrian	August 15, 2015	Raqqa, Syria	Shooting	Participating in the activist group “Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently”
Raqan Hud Awad	M	Syrian	August 15, 2015	Raqqa, Syria	Shooting	Participating in the activist group “Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently”
Khaled Mohamad al-Asaad	M	Syrian	August 18, 2015	Palmyra, Syria	Beheading	Protecting “idols” and being an “apostate”
4 Iraqi militiamen	M	Iraqi	August 30, 2015	Anbar, Iraq	Immolation	Revenge for Iraqi Soldiers and militiamen burning the corpses of Sunni civilians
7 Peshmerga soldiers	M	Kurdish	September 30, 2015	Mosul, Iraq	Beheading	To send a message to the Peshmerga and the family members of the beheaded captives
Muhammad Tayib Ali al-Amri	M	Libyan	October 16, 2015	Cyrenaica, Libya	Shooting	Spying for a “Western Awakening proxy”
Rushdi Ageela Omran al-Masouri	M	Libyan	October 16, 2015	Cyrenaica, Libya	Dragging	Spying for a “Western Awakening proxy”
Fadi Ammar Zidan	M	Syrian	October 24, 2015	Homs, Syria	Crushing	Revenge for Fadi running over the corpses of Islamic State fighters with a tank
Fan Jinghui	M	Chinese	November 18, 2015	Deir ez-Zor, Syria	Shooting	Failure to pay Ransom
Ole Johan Grimsgaard-Ofstad	M	Norwegian	November 18, 2015	Deir ez-Zor, Syria	Shooting	Failure to pay Ransom
Khasiev Magomed	M	Russian	December 2, 2015	Raqqa, Syria	Beheading	Alleged spying for Russia
25 Houthi soldiers	M	Yemeni	December 4, 2015	Aden Abyan, Yemen	Beheading and various explosives	Revenge for Houthi attacks against the Islamic State
6 Syrian spies	M	Syrian	December 4, 2015	Deir ez-Zor, Syria	Beheading and shooting	Alleged spying for Israel and America
Muadh Fayumi	M	Syrian	December 11, 2015	Damascus, Syria	IED	Being part of a “Western Awakening proxy”
Firas Qataf	M	Syrian	December 11, 2015	Damascus, Syria	IED	Being part of a “Western Awakening proxy”
Javatov Migitin Amirbekovich	M	Dagestani Russian	December 24, 2015	Dagestan, Russia	Shooting	Being a governor of Kakamakhi
Ibakov Shamil Bagauddinovich	M	Dagestani Russian	December 24, 2015	Dagestan, Russia	Shooting	Reporting an Islamic State member to authorities
5 Syrian collaborators with Britain	M	Syrian	January 3, 2016	Raqqa, Syria	Shooting	Collaborating with Britain
6 Syrian collaborators with France	M	Syrian	January 24, 2016	Badiya, Syria	Beheading and shooting	Collaborating with France
Karim Hussein	M	Iraqi	January 30, 2016	Baiji, Iraq	Beheading	Being part of the Iraqi Shi’ite militia “Asa’ib Ahl al-Haqq” and fighting against the Islamic State alongside other Iraqi militias
5 Iraqi collaborators with France	M	Iraqi	January 30, 2016	Mosul, Iraq	Shooting	Collaborating with and spying for France
4 Peshmerga soldiers	M	Kurdish	February 2, 2016	Kirkuk, Iraq	Beheading	To send a message to the Peshmerga and America
Muhammad Abdul-Aziz Tabsho	M	Syrian	February 5, 2016	Aleppo, Syria	Beheading	Being an Imam of a “Western Awakening proxy”
300+ Iraqi soldiers, law enforcement officers and civil activists	?	Iraqi	February 8, 2016	Mosul, Iraq	Firing squad	To send a message to Iraq
4 Syrian collaborators with America	M	Syrian	February 11, 2016	Raqqa, Syria	Car bomb	Collaborating with America
8 Iraqi collaborators	M	Iraqi	April 16, 2016	Fallujah, Iraq	Beheading, shooting and detonating cord	Collaborating with Iraqi police and security forces, as well as spying
John Bramwell Ridsdel	M	British-Canadian	April 25, 2016	Sulu, Philippines	Beheading	Failure to pay Ransom
3 Houthi soldiers	M	Yemeni	May 19, 2016	Aden Abyan, Yemen	Beheading, shooting and stoning	To send a message to the Houthis and other factions in Yemen that are fighting against the Islamic State
Robert Ward Hall	M	Canadian	June 13, 2016	Sulu, Philippines	Beheading	Failure to pay Ransom
5 Syrian collaborators	M	Syrian	June 24, 2016	Deir ez-Zor, Syria	Beheading, stabbing, strangulation and various explosives	Collaborating with the Western coalition
5 Syrian collaborators Euphrates	M	Syrian	June 28, 2016	Abu Kamal, Syria	Beheading	Receiving help and training with American forces under the allegiance of “Western Awakening proxies”
Abdullah Aarf Abdul-Wahab Al-Jaheshi	M	Iraqi	July 20, 2016	Mosul, Iraq	Beheading	Collaborating with and spying for France
Muhannad Mahmud Junaidan Khalaf Al-Sabawi	M	Iraqi	July 20, 2016	Mosul, Iraq	Beheading	Collaborating with and spying for France
Samir Al-Hamad Majid	M	Iraqi	August 14, 2016	Diyala, Iraq	Shooting	To send a message to Iraq
6 Iraqi captives	M	Iraqi	August 15, 2016	Mosul, Iraq	Beheading and shooting	Graffiting anti Islamic State slogans and spying
15 Coalition collaborators	M	Syrian and Kurdish	August 25, 2016	Raqqa, Syria	Beheading and shooting	Participating in the coalition against the Islamic State
Slaughterhouse massacre of 16 Syrians	M	Syrian	September 12, 2016	Deir ez-Zor, Syria	Exsanguination	Collaborating with the Western coalition
FCmdr. Ahmad Musa al-Hussein	M	Syrian	September 19, 2016	Aleppo, Syria	Beheading and shooting with a mounted machine gun	Being part of a “Western Awakening proxy”
10 Iraqi captives	M	Iraqi	October 13, 2016	Mosul, Iraq	Shooting	Graffiting anti Islamic State slogans and collaborating against the Islamic State
4 Syrian spies	M	Syrian	October 25, 2016	Raqqa, Syria	Crucifixion, shooting and stabbing	Spying for the Western coalition
300 Iraqi civilians	?	Iraqi	October 28-November 7, 2016	Mosul, Iraq	Unknown execution method	Refusing to join and fight for the Islamic State
3 Syrian collaborators	M	Syrian	November 1, 2016	Abu Kamal, Syria	Beheading and shooting with a vehicle mounted anti-aircraft gun	Being part of a “Western Awakening proxy”
2 Iraqi spies	M	Iraqi	November 14, 2016	near the Euphrates, Iraq	Shooting with a machine gun	Spying for Iraq
5 Syrian collaborators Damascus	M	Syrian	December 6, 2016	Damascus, Syria	Beheading	Training with American and Jordanian forces under the allegiance of “Western Awakening proxies”
Pvt. Sefter Taş	M	Turkish	December 22, 2016	Aleppo, Syria	Immolation	Turkish airstrikes against the Islamic State
Pvt. Fethi Şahin	M	Turkish	December 22, 2016	Aleppo, Syria	Immolation	Turkish airstrikes against the Islamic State
6 Syrian combatants	M	Syrian	December 28, 2016	Raqqa, Syria	Shooting and throwing	Being part of or spying for multiple factions that were fighting against the Islamic State in Syria
‘Umar Tariq Mahmud Mustafa at-Tai	M	Iraqi	January 4, 2017	Mosul, Iraq	Beheading	Collaborating with and giving away information about the Islamic State to the Chief of Staff in the Iraqi army during the Battle of Mosul
Adnan Hadi Muhammad ‘Ali “Seymour”	M	Iraqi	January 4, 2017	Mosul, Iraq	Drowning	Collaborating with and giving away information about the Islamic State to Iraqi soldiers, militiamen and coalition participants during the Battle of Mosul on an Iraqi radio broadcast podcast, causing 10-11 people to be killed in an American airstrike and also to punish Adnan for the drinking of liquor that some Iraqi soldiers and militiamen partake in and have caused others in Mosul to partake in as well
3 PKK spies	M	Syrian and Iraqi	January 7, 2017	Deir ez-Zor, Syria	Beheading and shooting	Spying for the PKK
2 PKK spies	M	Syrian	January 24, 2017	Raqqa, Syria	Exsanguination	Spying for the PKK during the Battle of Raqqa
Jürgen Gustav Kantner	M	German	February 27, 2017	Sulu, Philippines	Beheading	Failure to pay Ransom
1LT. Abbas Yassin al-Daraji “Abu Bakir al-Samarayi”	M	Iraqi	March 28, 2017	Ar-Rutba, Iraq	Beheading	To send a message to Iraq
4 PKK soldiers	M	Syrian	April 19, 2017	Raqqa, Syria	Beheading	Fighting against the Islamic State during the Battle of Raqqa
Cpt. Petrenko Evgeny Viktorovich	M	Russian	May 8, 2017	Badiya, Syria	Beheading	Being a Russian intelligence officer[5]
7 Syrian collaborators	M	Syrian	June 18, 2017	near the Jordan–Syria border, Syria	Beheading and firing squad	Collaborating with America and Jordan
Isa Ali Kinash	M	Syrian	July 29, 2017	Raqqa, Syria	Shooting	Betraying the Islamic State and collaborating with the YPG during the Battle of Raqqa
Mohsen Hojaji	M	Iranian	August 10, 2017	Iraqi-Syrian border, Iraq	Beheading	To send a message to Iran, “Rafidhis” (Shi’ite Muslims) and “Majusis” (Zoroastrians)
Umar Gul	M	Afghan	November 29, 2017	Jalalabad, Afghanistan	Amputation and beheading	Alleged spying for American and Pakistani intelligence agencies
Cpt. Raad Khalaf al-Hamadi	M	Iraqi	December 22, 2017	Anbar, Iraq	Shooting with a machine gun	To send a message to Iraq
Sol. Musaib Jasim al-Mitiri	M	Iraqi	December 22, 2017	Anbar, Iraq	Shooting with a machine gun	To send a message to Iraq
Musa Abu Zammat	M	Egyptian	January 3, 2018	Sinai, Egypt	Shooting	Smuggling weapons from Rafah to Gaza, as well as collaborating with Hamas and the al-Qassam Brigades
Muhannad Touqan Abu Ammar	M	Syrian Druze	August 2, 2018	As-Suwayda, Syria	Beheading	Failure to pay Ransom
Louisa Vesterager Jespersen	F	Danish	December 17, 2018	Toubkal, Morocco	Beheading and stabbing	Revenge for the Battle of Hajin
Maren Ueland	F	Norwegian	December 17, 2018	Toubkal, Morocco	Beheading and stabbing	Revenge for the Battle of Hajin
Sgt. Christopher Omogbai	M	Nigerian	December 8, 2019	Borno, Nigeria	Shooting	To send a message to Nigerian soldiers and law enforcement
Sgt. Yakubu Bandi	M	Nigerian	December 8, 2019	Borno, Nigeria	Shooting	To send a message to Nigerian soldiers and law enforcement
Sgt. Yusuf Sulaiman	M	Nigerian	December 8, 2019	Borno, Nigeria	Shooting	To send a message to Nigerian soldiers and law enforcement
11 Nigerian Christians	M	Nigerian	December 26, 2019	Borno, Nigeria	Beheading and shooting	Revenge for the deaths of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi and Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir, also to send a message to Christians
Unnamed Nigerian Christian	M	Nigerian	January 18, 2020	Borno, Nigeria	Shooting	To send a message to Nigerian Christians
Sol. Dandulum Sanjaman Daniel	M	Chadian	April 25, 2020	Mayo-Kebbi, Chad	Shooting	To send a message to Chad
Insp. Johanah James	M	Nigerian	June 11, 2020	Borno, Nigeria	Shooting	To send a message to Nigeria
LCpl. Emannuel Oscar	M	Nigerian	June 11, 2020	Borno, Nigeria	Shooting	To send a message to Nigeria
5 Nigerian Christians	M	Nigerian	December 29, 2020	Borno, Nigeria	Shooting	To send a message to Nigerian Christians
11 Hazara Shi’ites	M	Pakistani Hazara	January 3, 2021	Machh, Pakistan	Exsanguination	To persecute Hazaras and Shi’ite Muslims
Nabil Habashi Salama	M	Coptic Egyptian	April 17, 2021	Sinai, Egypt	Shooting	To send a message and warning to Coptic Christians in Egypt
2 Egyptian tribal fighters	M	Egyptian	April 17, 2021	Sinai, Egypt	Shooting	Fighting alongside the Egyptian army
20 Nigerian Christians	M	Nigerian	May 10, 2022	Borno, Nigeria	Beheading and shooting	Revenge for the deaths of Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi and Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi, also to send a message to Christians
Sol. Mohammud Abdullahi	M	Nigerien	July 10, 2022	Diffa, Niger	Shooting	To send a message to the people of Diffa and Nigerien soldiers
4 Cameroonian Christians	M	Cameroonian	January 9, 2024	Bargaram, Cameroon	Shooting	Revenge for the Israeli assault and airstrikes in Gaza that started in 2023, also to send a message to Christians and Jews
Sol. Kali	M	Nigerian	April 16, 2024	Borno, Nigeria	Shooting	To send a message to Nigeria

Military captives

By June 2014, according to United Nations reports, ISIL had killed hundreds of prisoners of war^[6] and over 1,000 civilians.^[7][8][9] Specific incidents involving the killing of military prisoners including the mass killing of up to 250 Syrian Army soldiers near Tabqa Air base,^[6] and killings that took place in Camp Speicher (1,095–1,700 Iraqi soldiers shot and "thousands" more "missing")^[10][11] and the Shaer gas field (200 Syrian soldiers shot).^[12] ISIL was reported to have beheaded about 100 foreign fighters as deserters who tried to leave Raqqa.^[13]

• Muath al-Kasasbeh, a Royal Jordanian Air Force pilot whose F-16 fighter aircraft crashed near Raqqa, Syria, on 24 December 2014 during the international military intervention against ISIL, was captured by ISIL, and on 3 February 2015 released a video showing al-Kasasbeh being burned to death while trapped inside a cage.^[14]
• On 22 December 2016, ISIL has released a video showing two captured Turkish soldiers being burned alive.^[15]

Civilian captives

Among the known killings of religious and minority group civilians carried out by ISIL are those in the villages and towns of Qiiniyeh (70–90 Yazidis killed), Hardan (60 Yazidis killed), Sinjar (200–500 Yazidis killed), Ramadi Jabal (60–70 Yazidis killed), Dohula (50 Yazidis killed), Khana Sor (100 Yazidis killed), Hardan (250–300 Yazidis killed), al-Shamal (dozens of Yazidis killed), Kocho (400 Yazidis killed and 1,000 abducted), Jadala (14 Yadizis killed)^[16] and Beshir (700 Shia Turkmen killed),^{[citation needed]} and others committed near Mosul (670 Shia inmates of the Badush prison killed),^{[citation needed]} and in Tal Afar prison, Iraq (205 Yazidis killed for refusing conversion).^[16]

Journalists

ISIL has tortured and murdered both local and foreign journalists,^[17][18] creating what Reporters Without Borders calls "news blackholes" in areas controlled by ISIL. ISIL fighters have reportedly been given written directions to kill or capture journalists.^[19]

• James Wright Foley (October 18, 1973 – c. August 19, 2014) was an American freelance journalist and photojournalist of the Syrian Civil War when he was abducted on November 22, 2012, in northwestern Syria. Foley was the first American citizen to be killed by "Jihadi John".^[20] James Foley's beheading by ISIL received wide condemnation in the United States.
• Steven Joel Sotloff (May 11, 1983 – c. September 2, 2014) was an Israeli-American^[21] journalist for Time magazine and The Jerusalem Post, although the Post disavowed any relationship once Sotloff's life was threatened. In 2013, he was kidnapped in Aleppo, Syria, and was held captive by Islamic militants. On September 2, 2014, a video was released purporting to show "Jihadi John" beheading Steven Sotloff.^[22][23]
• On January 8, 2015, ISIL members in Libya claimed to have executed Tunisian journalists Sofiene Chourabi and Nadhir Ktari who disappeared in September 2014.^[24]
• In January 2015 ISIL threatened to kill two Japanese hostages, Kenji Goto Jogo, a journalist, and Haruna Yukawa (湯川遥菜), a military company operator, unless a ransom of 200 million USD is paid. By the end of the month, the group released another video of the beheading of Goto, in which Jihadi John proclaimed to Japanese prime minister Shinzō Abe "because of your reckless decision to take part in an unwinnable war, this knife will not only slaughter Kenji, but will also carry on and cause carnage wherever your people are found. So let the nightmare for Japan begin."^[25]

Aid workers

ISIL has also murdered aid workers.

• David Haines (May 9, 1970 – c. September 13, 2014) was abducted in March 2013 by ISIL while working in Syria for the humanitarian aid group Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development assessing the Atmeh refugee camp near the Turkish border and the Syrian province of Idlib.^[26][27] A video of the lead-up and aftermath of David Haines' beheading, entitled "A Message to the Allies of America", was released by ISIL on September 13, 2014.^[28]
• Hervé Gourdel (September 12, 1959 – c. September 24, 2014) was a French citizen and mountaineering guide.^[29] Gourdel was kidnapped on September 21, 2014, while hiking in the Djurdjura National Park in Algeria.^{[citation needed]} The following day, an at the time recently formed ISIL affiliate in Algeria, Jund al-Khilafah, released a video which showed Hervé Gourdel being held hostage. The group threatened to kill Gourdel if the French government continued to conduct airstrikes against ISIL. On September 24, they carried through on threats to behead him after a 24-hour deadline passed.^[30] The beheading was captured in a video titled "A Message of Blood for French Government."^[31][32]
• Alan Henning (August 15, 1967 – c. October 3, 2014) was a British humanitarian aid worker.^[33] Henning was the fourth Western hostage killed by ISIL. Henning was captured during ISIL's occupation of the Syrian city of Al-Dana in December 2013, where he was helping with humanitarian relief.^[34] The British Foreign Office withheld news of Henning's capture while they attempted to negotiate his release. Alan Henning was shown at the end of David Haines's beheading video, released on September 13, 2014, and referred to by "Jihadi John" as the next victim.^[35][36] A video of Henning's beheading was released by ISIL on October 3, 2014.^[33]
• Peter Edward Kassig (February 19, 1988 – 2014),^[37] also known by the name Abdul-Rahman Kassig which he assumed in captivity, was 26 years old at the time he was beheaded.^[38] He was the adopted child of Ed, a school teacher, and Paula Kassig, a nurse.^{[39][40][41][42][43][44]} On October 1, 2013, as he was on his way to Deir Ezzour in eastern Syria to deliver food and medical supplies to refugees, Kassig was taken captive by ISIL.^[45][46] While in captivity, Kassig – formerly a Methodist – converted to Islam and changed his name to Abdul-Rahman Kassig, sometime between October and December 2013.^[47][48] On October 3, 2014, his parents released a video in which they stressed that his conversion to Islam was not forced, and that his path to conversion began before he was taken captive.^[47] On November 16, 2014, ISIL posted a video showing "Jihadi John" standing over a severed human head.^[49] The beheading itself was not shown in the video. The White House later confirmed the person killed was Kassig.^[50]
• ISIL claimed that U.S. hostage Kayla Mueller was killed in the Jordanian airstrike on Raqqa on 5 February 2015. However, some experts believe that she may have been killed before the date of the video's release, in order for ISIL to try to drive a wedge between the U.S. and Jordan by blaming her death on the Jordanian airstrikes.^[51][52][53] Shortly thereafter President Obama confirmed the death of Mueller by ISIL.^{[51][54][55][56]}
• On November 19, 2015, Chinese national Fan Jinghui (樊京辉^[57]) and Norwegian national Ole Johan Grimsgaard-Ofstad were murdered by being shot by ISIL, and pictures were released in ISIL's magazine Dabiq.^[58][59][60]

See also

• ISIL beheading incidents
• Mass executions in Islamic State-occupied Mosul
• Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State
• Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL
• Persecution of Shias by ISIL
• Abu Azrael

References

1. "ISIL Executes Three Men - Raqqa, Syria". Transterra Media. January 2014. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
2. "Unterwegs mit kurdischen Kämpfern - An der IS-Front" [Traveling with Kurdish fighters - At the Islamic State front]. spigel.tv. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
3. The Associated Press; ABC News; Plater, Roz (20 August 2014). "Video shows apparent beheading of American journalist James Foley, who went missing in Syria". wjla.com. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
4. "IS Says Beheaded Another Lebanese Soldier after He 'Tried to Escape'". Naharnet. 6 September 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
5. Joscelyn, Thomas (21 September 2016). "Islamic State holds alleged Russian intelligence officer hostage". Long War Journal. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
6. "Video shows Islamic State executes scores of Syrian soldiers". Reuters. 28 August 2014.
7. "More than 1,000 killed in Iraq violence in June: U.N." Reuters. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
8. "Iraq violence: UN confirms more than 2000 killed, injured since early June". UN News Centre. 24 June 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
9. "UN warns of war crimes as ISIL allegedly executes 1,700". Today's Zaman. 15 June 2014. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
10. ""داعش"، "أزلام صدام" أم "طرف ثالث".. من يقف وراء قتل 1700 جندي في "مجزرة سبايكر" بالعراق؟ ("Daash", "Saddam's henchmen" or "third party.". Who is behind murder of 1,700 in massacre Spyker "in Iraq?)" (in Arabic). CNN. 10 September 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
11. "البغدادية - قاسم عطا: 11000 مفقوداً من قاعد سبايكر وهناك مقابر جماعية للجنود في القصور الرئاسية والبوعجيل بتكريت (Qassim Atta: 11,000 missing from Spyker massacre are the mass graves of soldiers at the Presidential Palace in Tikrit)" (in Arabic). Al Baghdadia. 3 September 2014. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
12. "Syria fights to free gas field from Islamic State". Sacramento Bee. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
13. Erika Solomon (19 December 2014). "Isis morale falls as momentum slows and casualties mount". Financial Times. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
14. Adam Chandler (4 February 2015). "Jordan's King Abdullah Vows Revenge for Death of Mouath al-Kasaesbeh, Who Was Burned Alive by ISIS". The Atlantic.
15. "ISIL video shows 'Turkish soldiers burned alive'". www.aljazeera.com. 23 December 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
16. Report on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict in Iraq: 6 July – 10 September 2014 (PDF). ohchr.org (Report). Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq.
17. Al Fares, Zaid (5 September 2014). "The Forgotten Isis Beheadings: The World Mourns Steven Sotloff, but who Remembers Bassam al-Rayes?". International Business Times UK. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
18. Kestler-D'Amours, Jillian (6 October 2014). "Syria journalists 'on the margins of history'". aljzeera.com. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
19. "Areas controlled by Islamic State are news 'black holes' - Reporters Without Borders". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-02-15.
20. Alyssa Newcomb (August 20, 2014). "Another American hostage threatened with death". CBS News. World News. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
21. Paul Hirschson (September 3, 2014). "Steven Sotloff, Journalist Beheaded by ISIS, Was Also Israeli Citizen". NBC News. Retrieved September 3, 2014.
22. Raf Sanchez (September 2, 2014). "Steven Sotloff 'beheaded by Islamic State' – latest". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
23. "After James Foley, ISIS beheads another US journalist Steven Sotloff". The Times of India. September 3, 2014. Retrieved September 3, 2014.
24. "Libya's ISIS branch claims execution of two Tunisian journalists". Al Akhbar English.
25. Laub, Karin (January 31, 2015). "Japanese hostage Kenji Goto seen beheaded in ISIS video, bringing abrupt end to negotiations to free him". National Post. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
26. "David Haines – obituary". The Daily Telegraph. London. September 14, 2014.
27. Robinson, Nick (September 3, 2014). "British hostage: PM says UK will not be 'cowed' by threats". BBC News. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
28. Haberman, Zach (September 13, 2014). "David Haines video: Full transcript of ISIS footage that allegedly depicts beheading of British aid worker". New York Times. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
29. "Niçois enlevé en Algérie: Fabius confirme l'authenticité de la vidéo". Nice Matin. September 22, 2014. Archived from the original on February 1, 2015.
30. "Algerian extremists behead French hostage". Associated Press. September 24, 2014. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
31. "Legal View". CNN. No. September 24, 2014.
32. "Jund al-Khilafah in Algeria Beheads French Hostage in Video". SITE Intelligence Group. September 24, 2014. Archived from the original on September 25, 2014. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
33. "Alan Henning 'killed by Islamic State'". BBC. October 3, 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2014.
34. Harper, Tom (September 14, 2014). "Alan Henning: Second British hostage in Isis beheading video named as 'kind and funny' aid worker". The Independent. London. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
35. Botelho, Greg; Pearson, Michael; Taylor, Phillip (September 13, 2014). "ISIS executes British aid worker David Haines; Cameron vows justice". CNN.com. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
36. Cobain, Ian (September 14, 2014). "Isis hostage: Alan Henning described as 'a big man with a big heart'". The Guardian. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
37. "Remembering Abdul-Rahman (Peter) Kassig". Butler University. November 19, 2014. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
38. "BBC News - Abdul-Rahman Kassig killing is pure evil, says Obama". BBC News. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
39. Eason, Brian; Wang, Stephanie; Adams, Michael Anthony (October 3, 2014). "Indianapolis native Peter Kassig named next ISIS target". Indianapolis Star. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
40. Wagner, Meg (October 9, 2014). "'On our own, with no help from the government': Peter Kassig's mom claims U.S. won't help kidnapped son, tweets to ISIS for his release". New York Daily News. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
41. "US hostage Kassig letter: 'I am scared to die'". BBC News. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
42. "Parents of US hostage Peter Kassig appeal to Isis for his release". the Guardian. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
43. "Peter Kassig's parents in video plea to ISIS: 'Show mercy'". October 4, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
44. Brian Eason (November 20, 2014). "Peter Kassig's birth family breaks silence". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved November 24, 2014. The Kassigs acknowledged on Thursday that they adopted Peter as an infant.
45. "Indianapolis native Peter Kassig named next ISIS target". October 3, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
46. "Peter Kassig: Idealistic aid worker who converted to Islam in captivity". Telegraph.co.uk. October 4, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
47. "The back story of the former Ranger held captive by Islamic State". Military Times. October 6, 2014. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
48. "Peter Kassig's Conversion Unlikely to Halt ISIS Headsman, Experts Say". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
49. "IS Beheads Peter Kassig, Challenges U.S. to Send Ground Troops". SITE Monitoring Service. 2014-11-16. (transcript of the video, largely based on the original English subtitles)
50. Hjelmgaard, Kim (November 16, 2014). "U.S. review of Islamic State video confirms American's death". USA Today. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
51. Doug Stanglin; Jim Michaels; Jessica Estepa; Shaun McKinnon (February 7, 2015). "Officials: No proof U.S. hostage killed in airstrike". USA Today. (Arizona) Republic, Associated Press. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
52. Rukmini Callimachi; Rick Gladstone (February 6, 2015). "ISIS Declares Airstrike Killed a U.S. Hostage". New York Times. Eric Schmitt and Julie Hirschfeld Davis from Washington; Rana F. Sweis and Ranya Kadri from Amman, Jordan; Anne Barnard from Beirut, Lebanon; and Sheri Fink from New York. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
53. "Islamic State says female US hostage killed in Syria". Press Association. Independent.ie. February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
54. Peter Foster, "US female hostage held by Isil is dead, confirms Obama," The Telegraph, 10 Feb 2015
55. "Kayla Mueller, American ISIL hostage, is dead,", Al Jazeera America, February 10, 2015
56. Rukmini Callimachi, "Death of Kayla Mueller, ISIS Hostage, Confirmed by Family and White House,", New York Times, FEB. 10, 2015
57. "被IS扣押中国人质为樊京辉 在京从事广告行业." Sina. September 10, 2015. Retrieved on November 19, 2015.
58. "Islamic State claims it has killed two more hostages". BBC News. 2015-11-19.
59. "ISIS: Executes Chinese, Norwegian Captives, According To Claims, Both Countries Condemn Killings". Headlines & Global News (HNGN). 2015-11-19.
60. "IS group says it has killed Norwegian, Chinese captives". Yahoo News. 2015-11-18.