Podcast

For other uses, see Podcast (disambiguation).

An episode of a podcast playing on a smartphone

A podcast is a program made available in digital format for download over the Internet.[1][2][3] Typically, a podcast is an episodic series of digital audio files that users can download to a personal device to listen to at a time of their choosing. Podcasts are primarily an audio medium,[4] but some distribute in video, either as their primary content or as a supplement to audio;[5] popularised in recent years by video platform YouTube.[4]

A podcast series usually features one or more recurring hosts engaged in a discussion about a particular topic or current event. Discussion and content within a podcast can range from carefully scripted to completely improvised. Podcasts combine elaborate and artistic sound production with thematic concerns ranging from scientific research to slice-of-life journalism. Many podcast series provide an associated website with links and show notes, guest biographies, transcripts, additional resources, commentary, and occasionally a community forum dedicated to discussing the show's content.

The cost to the consumer is low, and many podcasts are free to download. Some podcasts are underwritten by corporations or sponsored, with the inclusion of commercial advertisements. In other cases, a podcast could be a business venture supported by some combination of a paid subscription model, advertising or product delivered after sale. Because podcast content is often free, podcasting is often classified as a disruptive medium, adverse to the maintenance of traditional revenue models.

Podcasting is the preparation and distribution of audio or video files using RSS feeds to the devices of subscribed users. A podcaster normally buys this service from a podcast hosting company such as SoundCloud or Libsyn. Hosting companies then distribute these media files to podcast directories and streaming services, such as Apple and Spotify, which users can listen to on their smartphones or digital music and multimedia players.

As of June 2024, there are at least 3,369,942 podcasts and 199,483,500 episodes.[6]

Etymology

"Podcast" is a portmanteau of "iPod" and "broadcast".[7][8][9] The earliest use of "podcasting" was traced to The Guardian columnist and BBC journalist Ben Hammersley, who coined it in early February 2004 while writing an article for The Guardian newspaper.[10][11] The term was first used in the audioblogging community in September 2004, when Danny Gregoire introduced it in a message to the iPodder-dev mailing list,[12][13] from where it was adopted by podcaster Adam Curry.[14] Despite the etymology, the content can be accessed using any computer or similar device that can play media files.[citation needed] The term "podcast" predates Apple's addition of podcasting features to the iPod and the iTunes software.[15]

History

Main article: History of podcasting

In September 2000,[16] early MP3 player manufacturer i2Go offered a service called MyAudio2Go.com which allowed users to download news stories for listening on a PC or MP3 player. The service was available for about a year until i2Go's demise in 2001.[17]

In October 2000, the concept of attaching sound and video files in RSS feeds was proposed in a draft by Tristan Louis.[18] The idea was implemented by Dave Winer, a software developer and an author of the RSS format.[19]

In August 2004, Adam Curry launched his show Daily Source Code, focused on chronicling his everyday life, delivering news, and discussions about the development of podcasting. Curry promoted new and emerging internet audio shows in an attempt to gain traction in the development of what would come to be known as podcasting.[20][21] Daily Source Code was initially directed at podcast developers. As its audience became interested in the format, these developers were inspired to create and produce their own projects and a community of pioneer podcasters quickly developed.[22]

iPodderX, released in September 2004 by August Trometer and based on earlier work by Ray Slakinski, was the first GUI application for podcasts.[23][24]

In June 2005, Apple released iTunes 4.9, which added formal support for podcasts, thus negating the need to use a separate program in order to download and transfer them to a mobile device. Although this made access to podcasts more convenient and widespread, it also effectively ended advancement of podcatchers by independent developers. Additionally, Apple issued cease and desist orders to many podcast application developers and service providers for using the term "iPod" or "Pod" in their products' names.[25]

The logo used by Apple to represent podcasting in Apple Podcasts

By 2007, audio podcasts were doing what was historically accomplished via radio broadcasts, which had been the source of radio talk shows and news programs since the 1930s. This shift occurred as a result of the evolution of internet capabilities along with increased consumer access to cheaper hardware and software for audio recording and editing.[26]

As of early 2019, the podcasting industry still generated little overall revenue,[27] although the number of persons who listen to podcasts continues to grow steadily. Edison Research, which issues the Podcast Consumer quarterly tracking report estimated that 90 million persons in the U.S. had listened to a podcast in January 2019.[28] As of 2020, 58% of the population of South Korea and 40% of the Spanish population had listened to a podcast in the last month. 12.5% of the UK population had listened to a podcast in the last week and 22% of the United States population listens to at least one podcast weekly.[29] The form is also acclaimed for its low overhead for a creator to start and maintain their show, merely requiring a microphone, a computer or mobile device, and associated software to edit and upload the final product. Some form of acoustic quieting is also often utilised.[30]

IP issues in trademark and patent law

Trademark applications

Between February March 10 and 25, 2005, Shae Spencer Management, LLC of Fairport, New York filed a trademark application to register the term "podcast" for an "online pre-recorded radio program over the internet". On September 9, 2005, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) rejected the application, citing Wikipedia's podcast entry as describing the history of the term. The company amended their application in March 2006, but the USPTO rejected the amended application as not sufficiently differentiated from the original. In November 2006, the application was marked as abandoned.[31]

Apple trademark protections

On September 26, 2004, it was reported that Apple Inc. had started to crack down on businesses using the string "POD", in product and company names. Apple sent a cease and desist letter that week to Podcast Ready, Inc., which markets an application known as "myPodder".[32] Lawyers for Apple contended that the term "pod" has been used by the public to refer to Apple's music player so extensively that it falls under Apple's trademark cover.[33] Such activity was speculated to be part of a bigger campaign for Apple to expand the scope of its existing iPod trademark, which included trademarking "IPOD", "IPODCAST", and "POD".[34] On November 16, 2006, the Apple Trademark Department stated that "Apple does not object to third-party usage of the generic term 'podcast' to accurately refer to podcasting services" and that "Apple does not license the term". However, no statement was made as to whether or not Apple believed they held rights to it.[35]

Personal Audio lawsuits

Personal Audio, a company referred to as a "patent troll" by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF),[36] filed a patent on podcasting in 2009 for a claimed invention in 1996.[37] In February 2013, Personal Audio started suing high-profile podcasters for royalties,[36] including The Adam Carolla Show and the HowStuffWorks podcast.[38] In October 2013, the EFF filed a petition with the US Trademark Office to invalidate the Personal Audio patent.[39] On August 18, 2014, the EFF announced that Adam Carolla had settled with Personal Audio.[40] Finally, on April 10, 2015, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office invalidated five provisions of Personal Audio's podcasting patent.[41]

Production and listening

Podcasting studio in What Cheer Writers Club in Providence, Rhode Island

A podcast generator maintains a central list of the files on a server as a web feed that one can access through the Internet. The listener or viewer uses special client application software on a computer or media player, known as a podcast client, which accesses this web feed, checks it for updates, and downloads any new files in the series. This process can be automated to download new files automatically, so it may seem to listeners as though podcasters broadcast or "push" new episodes to them. Podcast files can be stored locally on the user's device, or streamed directly. There are several different mobile applications that allow people to follow and listen to podcasts. Many of these applications allow users to download podcasts or stream them on demand. Most podcast players or applications allow listeners to skip around the podcast and to control the playback speed.[42] Much podcast listening occurs during commuting; because of restrictions on travel during the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of unique listeners in the US decreased by 15% in the last three weeks of March 2020.[43]

Podcasting has been considered a converged medium[44] (a medium that brings together audio, the web and portable media players), as well as a disruptive technology that has caused some individuals in radio broadcasting to reconsider established practices and preconceptions about audiences, consumption, production and distribution.[45]

Podcasts can be produced at little to no cost and are usually disseminated free-of-charge, which sets this medium apart from the traditional 20th-century model of "gate-kept" media and their production tools.[45] Podcasters can, however, still monetize their podcasts by allowing companies to purchase ad time. They can also garner support from listeners through crowdfunding websites like Patreon, which provide special extras and content to listeners for a fee.

Types of podcasts

Podcasts vary in style, format, and topical content. Podcasts are partially patterned on previous media genres but depart from them systematically in certain computationally observable stylistic respects.[46][47] The conventions and constraints which govern that variation are emerging and vary over time and markets; podcast listeners have various preferences of styles but conventions to address them and communicate about them are still unformed.[48][49] Some current examples of types of podcasts are given below. This list is likely to change as new types of content, new technology to consume podcasts, and new use cases emerge.[50]

Enhanced podcasts

An enhanced podcast, also known as a slidecast, is a type of podcast that combines audio with a slide show presentation. It is similar to a video podcast in that it combines dynamically generated imagery with audio synchronization, but it is different in that it uses presentation software to create the imagery and the sequence of display separately from the time of the original audio podcast recording.[51][52] The Free Dictionary, YourDictionary, and PC Magazine define an enhanced podcast as "an electronic slide show delivered as a podcast".[53][54][55] Enhanced podcasts are podcasts that incorporate graphics and chapters.[56][57][58][59] iTunes developed an enhanced podcast feature called "Audio Hyperlinking" that they patented in 2012.[60][61][62] Enhanced podcasts can be used by businesses or in education.[63][64][65] Enhanced podcasts can be created using QuickTime AAC or Windows Media files.[66] Enhanced podcasts were first used in 2006.[67]

Fiction podcast

A fiction podcast (also referred to as a "scripted podcast" or "audio drama")[68] is similar to a radio drama, but in podcast form. They deliver a fictional story, usually told over multiple episodes and seasons, using multiple voice actors, dialogue, sound effects, and music to enrich the story.[69] Fiction podcasts have attracted a number of well-known actors as voice talents, including Demi Moore and Matthew McConaughey[70] as well as from content producers like Netflix, Spotify, Marvel Comics, and DC Comics.[71][72][73] Unlike other genres, downloads of fiction podcasts increased by 19% early in the COVID-19 pandemic.[43]

Podcast novels

A podcast novel (also known as a "serialized audiobook" or "podcast audiobook") is a literary form that combines the concepts of a podcast and an audiobook. Like a traditional novel, a podcast novel is a work of literary fiction; however, it is recorded into episodes that are delivered online over a period of time. The episodes may be delivered automatically via RSS or through a website, blog, or other syndication method. Episodes can be released on a regular schedule, e.g., once a week, or irregularly as each episode is completed. In the same manner as audiobooks, some podcast novels are elaborately narrated with sound effects and separate voice actors for each character, similar to a radio play or scripted podcast, but many have a single narrator and few or no sound effects.[74]

Some podcast novelists give away a free podcast version of their book as a form of promotion.[75] On occasion such novelists have secured publishing contracts to have their novels printed.[76] Podcast novelists have commented that podcasting their novels lets them build audiences even if they cannot get a publisher to buy their books. These audiences then make it easier to secure a printing deal with a publisher at a later date. These podcast novelists also claim the exposure that releasing a free podcast gains them makes up for the fact that they are giving away their work for free.[77]

Video podcasts

A video podcast on the Crab Nebula created by NASA

A video podcast is a podcast that features video content. Web television series are often distributed as video podcasts. Dead End Days, a serialized dark comedy about zombies released from October 31, 2003, through 2004, is commonly believed to be the first video podcast.[78]

Live podcasts

A number of podcasts are recorded either in total or for specific episodes in front of a live audience. Ticket sales allow the podcasters an additional way of monetizing. Some podcasts create specific live shows to tour which are not necessarily included on the podcast feed. Events including the London Podcast Festival,[79] SF Sketchfest[80] and others regularly give a platform for podcasters to perform live to audiences.

Technology

Software

Podcast episodes are widely stored and encoded in the mp3 digital audio format and then hosted on dedicated or shared webserver space.[81][82] Syndication of podcasts' episodes across various websites and platforms is based on RSS feeds, an XML-formatted file citing information about the episode and the podcast itself.[81]

Hardware

Radio on a white surface.
Web/DAB+/FM/podcast radio

The most basic equipment for a podcast is a computer and a microphone. It is helpful to have a sound-proof room and headphones. The computer should have a recording or streaming application installed.[83] Typical microphones for podcasting are connected using USB.[84][85] If the podcast involves two or more people, each person requires a microphone, and a USB audio interface is needed to mix them together. If the podcast includes video, then a separate webcam might be needed, and additional lighting.[84]

See also

Further reading

  • Geoghegan, Michael W.; Klass, Dan (August 16, 2005). Podcast Solutions: The Complete Guide to Podcasting. Apress. ISBN 9781430200543.
  • Meinzer, Kristen (August 6, 2019). So You Want to Start a Podcast: Finding Your Voice, Telling Your Story, and Building a Community That Will Listen. William Morrow. ISBN 9780062936684.
  • Morris, Tee; Tomasi, Chuck (September 15, 2017). Podcasting For Dummies. Wiley. ISBN 9781119412267.

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Women's clothing in China

Clothing of women's in china Court ladies making silk, painted by the Song dynasty Emperor Huizong, a remake of an 8th-century original by Tang dynasty artist Zhang Xuan. Tang court ladies from the tomb of Princess Yongtai in the Qianling Mausoleum, near Xi'an in Shaanxi, China. 706 AD. In China, women had different kinds of clothes in ancient times. Those clothes changed with the dynasty. For examples, in the 1920s, the Cheongsam was fashionable among socialites and upperclass women;[1&#...

2nd Infantry Regiment (United States)

2nd Infantry Regiment2nd Infantry Regiment coat of armsActive1808-presentCountry United StatesBranch United States ArmyTypeInfantryRole1st Battalion – Inactive2nd Battalion – Light InfantryPart of 3rd BCT, 10th Mountain DivisionGarrison/HQ1st Battalion – Inactive2nd Battalion – Fort Polk, LouisianaNickname(s)1st Battalion Black Scarves2nd Battalion RamrodsMotto(s)Noli Me Tangere(Do Not Touch Me)EngagementsWar of 1812Indian WarsMexican–U.S. WarAmerican Civil ...

 

 

Victoria Palace Theatre

West End theatre in London, England For other theatres with a similar name, see Victoria Theatre (disambiguation). Victoria Palace Theatre1832: Moy's Music Hall1863: Royal Standard Music HallThe Victoria Palace in 2022AddressVictoria StreetLondon, SW1United KingdomCoordinates51°29′49″N 00°08′33″W / 51.49694°N 0.14250°W / 51.49694; -0.14250Public transit VictoriaOwnerDelfont Mackintosh TheatresDesignationGrade II* listed[1]TypeWest End theatreCapacit...

 

 

Appeasing Hitler

2019 non-fiction book by Tim Bouverie Appeasing Hitler: Chamberlain, Churchill and the Road to War First edition coverAuthorTim BouverieAudio read byJohn Sessions[1]CountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishSubjectBritish appeasement of Adolf HitlerPublisherThe Bodley HeadPublication date18 April 2019Media typePrint (hardcover and paperback)Pages512ISBN978-1-84792-440-7 (hardcover)Dewey Decimal327.41043LC ClassDA47.2 .B685 2019 Appeasing Hitler: Chamberlain, Churchill an...

Ghost (Marvel Comics)

Character in the Marvel Universe For other uses, see Ghost (comics). This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Ghost Marvel Comics – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Comics character GhostGhost (left) and Crossbones on the cover of Thunderbolts #146.Art by Marko Djur...

 

 

Sex (boutique)

Former boutique in London SEXLocationLondon, EnglandOwnerMalcolm McLarenVivienne WestwoodTypeBoutiqueOpened1974Closed1976 Sex (stylised SEX) was a boutique run by Vivienne Westwood and her then partner Malcolm McLaren at 430 King's Road, London between 1974 and 1976. It specialised in clothing that defined the look of the punk movement.[1] Westwood and McLaren’s boutique underwent several name and correlating interior decor changes through the 1970s to connect with design inspiratio...

 

 

Banana cue

Banana dish from Philippines BananacueTop: Bananacue, usually served on bamboo skewers;Bottom: Bananacue being cookedAlternative namesSinulbot na saging, Banana cue, banana-cue, etc.Region or statePhilippinesMain ingredientssaba banana, brown sugar, cooking oil  Media: Bananacue Banana cue or bananacue is a popular snack food or street food in the Philippines. It is a portmanteau of banana and barbecue, which in Philippine English refers to meat cooked in a style similar to satay. ...

Кориньяк

КоммунаКориньякCorignac 45°15′00″ с. ш. 0°23′00″ з. д.HGЯO Страна  Франция Регион Пуату — Шаранта Департамент Шаранта Приморская Кантон Монтандр История и география Площадь 11,57 км²[1] Часовой пояс UTC+1:00, летом UTC+2:00 Население Население 341 человек (2010) Цифровые ...

 

 

Naju station

나주Naju Korean nameHangul나주역Hanja羅州驛Revised RomanizationNajuyeokMcCune–ReischauerRajuyŏk General informationLocationSongwol-dong, Naju, South JeollaSouth KoreaCoordinates35°00′51″N 126°43′01″E / 35.01426°N 126.716994°E / 35.01426; 126.716994Operated byKorailLine(s)Honam LinePlatforms2Tracks4ConstructionStructure typeAbovegroundHistoryOpenedJuly 1, 1913Services Preceding station Following station Gwangju Songjeongtowards Seoul, Yongsan or H...

 

 

South Devon cattle

British breed of cattle South DevonA cowConservation statusFAO (2007): not at risk[1]: 145 DAD-IS (2021): not at risk[2]RBST (2021–2022): not at risk[3]Other namesHammerSouth HamsCountry of originUnited KingdomStandardSouth Devon Herd Book SocietyUseformerly triple-purpose: milk/meat/draughtsince 1972: meatTraitsWeightMale: average 1144 kg[2]Female: average 800 kg[2]HeightMale: average 152 cm[2]Female: average 140 cm[2]...

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Budi Siswanto

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Anatole France

Anatole FranceNama dalam bahasa asli(fr) Anatole France BiografiKelahiran(fr) Jacques François-Anatole Thibault 16 April 1844 Paris Kematian12 Oktober 1924 (80 tahun)Q22994052 Tempat pemakamanNeuilly-sur-Seine Old Communal Cemetery (en)   Presiden PEN Club français (en)1921 – 1924 – Paul Valery →   Seat 38 of the Académie française (en) 23 Januari 1896 – 12 Oktober 1924 ← Ferdinand de Lesseps – Paul Valery → ...

Cepogo, Boyolali

Aksara Latin   Aksara Bali     Suratan puniki kasurat nganggén basa alus. Koordinat: 7°30′55″S 110°31′24″E / 7.5153°S 110.5232°E / -7.5153; 110.5232 CepogoKecamatanPeta genah Kecamatan CepogoNegara IndonésiaPropinsiJawa TengahKabupaténBoyolaliKodepos57362Kode Kéméndagri33.09.03Jimbar..km²Kepadetan..diri/km²Désa/Kelurahan15 désa Cepogo (Aksara Bali: cĕpogo) inggih punika silih tunggil kecamatan ring Kabupatén Boyolali, propins...

 

 

أحداث ماسبيرو

أحداث ماسبيرو جزء من ثورة 25 يناير فتاة مسلمة تُعزّي صديقتها المسيحية التي قتل شقيقها في أحداث ماسبيرو التاريخ 9 أكتوبر 2011 المكان القاهرة،  مصر إلى جانب مظاهرات أخرى في: الإسكندرية وقنا[؟] وأسوان والمنيا النتيجة النهائية إصدار مرسوم بقانون تجريم التمييز. الأسباب ه...

 

 

Zoom (公司)

此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2022年3月22日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。 此條目翻譯品質不佳。 (2021年10月28日)翻譯者可能不熟悉中文或原文語言，也可能使用了機器翻譯。請協助翻...

Museo del Prado

The Museo del Prado is a museum established on 19 November 1819, located in Madrid. It is one of the biggest and most important museums in the world. Its collection includes works of European artists, from the 12th to the 19th century. It was founded as a museum for paintings and sculptures, but also contains other types of works of art. The collections include many works of Francisco de Goya, Diego Velázquez, El Greco, Titian and Peter Paul Rubens and Hieronymus Bosch. In 2012, about 2.8 m...

 

 

Plakje

Village in Southwestern, North MacedoniaPlakje ПлаќеVillageView of the villagePlakjeLocation within North MacedoniaCoordinates: 41°13′07″N 20°58′24″E / 41.2186°N 20.9733°E / 41.2186; 20.9733Country North MacedoniaRegion SouthwesternMunicipality OhridElevation1,371 m (4,498 ft)Population (2002) • Total4Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) Plakje (Macedonian: Плаќе) is a small village in the municipality of Ohrid, North Macedonia. It...

 

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!