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ITunes

iTunes
Developer(s)Apple Inc.
Initial releaseJanuary 9, 2001; 23 years ago (2001-01-09)
Stable release
12.13.1.3 / December 15, 2023; 3 months ago (2023-12-15)
Operating system
(latest version)
Platform
SuccessorFor media:
TV
Music
Podcasts
For device management:
Finder (macOS)
Apple Devices (Windows)
Size400 MB
Type
LicenseFreeware
Websiteitunes.com

iTunes (/ˈt(j)nz/ EYE-t(y)oonz)[1] is a software program that acts as a media player, media library, mobile device management utility, and the client app for the iTunes Store. Developed by Apple Inc., it is used to purchase, play, download, and organize digital multimedia, on personal computers running the macOS and Windows operating systems, and can be used to rip songs from CDs, as well as play content with the use of dynamic, smart playlists. Options for sound optimizations exist, as well as ways to wirelessly share the iTunes library.

iTunes was originally announced by Apple CEO Steve Jobs on January 9, 2001. iTunes' original and main focus was music, with a library offering organization and storage of Mac users' music collections. With the 2003 addition of the iTunes Store for purchasing and downloading digital music, and a version of the program for Windows, it became a ubiquitous tool for managing music and configuring other features on Apple's line of iPod media players, which extended to the iPhone and iPad upon their introduction. Onwards from 2005, Apple expanded on the core music features of iTunes with support for digital video, podcasts, e-books, and mobile apps purchased from the iOS App Store. Since the release of iOS 5 in 2011, these devices have become less dependent on iTunes, though it can still be used to back up their contents.

Though well received in its early years, iTunes received increasing criticism for a bloated user experience, which incorporated features beyond its original focus on music. Beginning with Macs running macOS Catalina and Windows 11 PCs, iTunes was replaced by separate apps, namely Music, Podcasts, and TV, with Finder and Apple Devices taking over the device management capabilities.[2][3][4] This change did not affect iTunes running on Windows or older macOS versions.[5]

In February of 2024, most features of iTunes for Windows has been split into Apple TV, Music and Apple Devices. When the apps are installed, iTunes is still used for podcasts and audiobooks. [6]

History

SoundJam MP, released by Casady & Greene in 1999, was renamed "iTunes" when Apple purchased it the next year. The primary developers of the software moved to Apple as part of the acquisition, and simplified SoundJam's user interface, added the ability to burn CDs, and removed its recording feature and skin support.[7][8] The first version of iTunes, promotionally dubbed "World's Best and Easiest To Use Jukebox Software",[9] was announced on January 9, 2001.[10] Subsequent releases of iTunes often coincided with new hardware devices, and gradually included support for new features, including "smart playlists", the iTunes Store, and new audio formats.[10]

Platform availability

Apple released iTunes for Windows on October 16, 2003.[11]

On April 26, 2018, iTunes was released on Microsoft Store for Windows 10,[12] primarily to allow it to be installed on Windows 10 devices configured to only allow installation of software from Microsoft Store.[13] Unlike Windows versions for other platforms, it is more self-contained due to technical requirements for distribution on the store (not installing background helper services such as Bonjour), and is updated automatically through the store rather than using Apple Software Update.[14]

Music library

iTunes features a music library. Each track has attributes, called metadata, that can be edited by the user, including changing the name of the artist, album, and genre, year of release, artwork, among other additional settings.[15][16] The software supports importing digital audio tracks that can then be transferred to iOS devices,[17] as well as supporting ripping content from CDs.[18][19] iTunes supports WAV, AIFF, Apple Lossless, AAC, and MP3 audio formats.[20] It uses the Gracenote music database to provide track name listings for audio CDs. When users rip content from a CD, iTunes attempts to match songs to the Gracenote service. For self-published CDs, or those from obscure record labels, iTunes would normally only list tracks as numbered entries ("Track 1" and "Track 2") on an unnamed album by an unknown artist, requiring manual input of data.[21]

File metadata is displayed in users' libraries in columns, including album, artist, genre, composer, and more.[22] Users can enable or disable different columns, as well as change view settings.[23]

Special playlists

Introduced in 2004,[24] "Party Shuffle" selected tracks to play randomly from the library, though users could press a button to skip a song and go to the next in the list.[25] The feature was later renamed "iTunes DJ",[26] before being discontinued altogether, replaced by a simpler "Up Next" feature that notably lost some of "iTunes DJ"'s functionality.[27]

Introduced in iTunes 8 in 2008, "Genius" can automatically generate a playlist of songs from the user's library that "go great together".[28] "Genius" transmits information about the user's library to Apple anonymously, and evolves over time to enhance its recommendation system. It can also suggest purchases to fill out "holes" in the library.[29] The feature was updated with iTunes 9 in 2009 to offer "Genius Mixes", which generated playlists based on specific music genres.[30][31]

"Smart playlists" are a set of playlists that can be set to automatically filter the library based on a customized list of selection criteria, much like a database query. Multiple criteria can be entered to manage the smart playlist.[32] Selection criteria examples include a genre like Christmas music, songs that haven't been played recently, or songs the user has listened to the most in a time period.[33]

Library sharing

Through a "Home Sharing" feature, users can share their iTunes library wirelessly.[34] Computer firewalls must allow network traffic, and users must specifically enable sharing in the iTunes preferences menu. iOS applications also exist that can transfer content without Internet.[35] Additionally, users can set up a network-attached storage system, and connect to that storage system through an app.[36]

Sound processing

iTunes includes sound processing features, such as equalization, "sound enhancement" and crossfade. There is also a feature called Sound Check, which normalizes the playback volume of all songs in the library to the same level.[37][38]

Online music functionality

iTunes Store

Introduced on April 28, 2003, The iTunes Music Store allows users to buy and download songs, with 200,000 tracks available at launch. In its first week, customers bought more than one million songs.[39] Music purchased was protected by FairPlay, an encryption layer referred to as digital rights management (DRM).[40] The use of DRM, which limited devices capable of playing purchased files,[41] sparked efforts to remove the protection mechanism.[42] Eventually, after an open letter to the music industry by CEO Steve Jobs in February 2007,[43] Apple introduced a selection of DRM-free music in the iTunes Store in April 2007,[44] followed by its entire music catalog without DRM in January 2009.[45]

iTunes in the Cloud and iTunes Match

In June 2011, Apple announced "iTunes in the Cloud", in which music purchases were stored on Apple's servers and made available for automatic downloading on new devices. For music the user owns, such as content ripped from CDs, the company introduced "iTunes Match", a feature that can upload content to Apple's servers, match it to its catalog, change the quality to 256kbit/s AAC format, and make it available to other devices.[46][47]

Internet radio, iTunes Radio and Apple Music

When iTunes was first released, it came with support for the Kerbango Internet radio tuner service.[48] In June 2013, the company announced iTunes Radio, a free music streaming service.[49] In June 2015, Apple announced Apple Music, a subscription-based music streaming service, and subsequently integrated iTunes Radio functionality. Music tracks provided by Apple Music via iTunes are available at up to 256 kbit/s AAC fidelity. The Apple Music app also integrates Apple Music 1, a live music radio station.[50]

Other features

Video

In May 2005, video support was introduced to iTunes with the release of iTunes 4.8,[51][52] though it was limited to bonus features part of album purchases.[53] The following October, Apple introduced iTunes 6, enabling support for purchasing and viewing video content purchased from the iTunes Store.[54] At launch, the store offered popular shows from the ABC network, including Desperate Housewives and Lost, along with Disney Channel series That's So Raven and The Suite Life of Zack & Cody. CEO Steve Jobs told the press that "We're doing for video what we've done for music — we're making it easy and affordable to purchase and download, play on your computer, and take with you on your iPod."[54]

In 2008, Apple and select film studios introduced "iTunes Digital Copy", a feature on select DVDs and Blu-ray discs allowing a digital copy in iTunes and associated media players.[55][56][57]

Podcasts

The icon used by Apple to represent a podcast

In June 2005, Apple updated iTunes with support for podcasts.[58][59] Users can subscribe to podcasts, change update frequency, define how many episodes to download and how many to delete.[59]

Similar to songs, "Smart playlists" can be used to control podcasts in a playlist, setting criteria such as date and number of times listened to.[60]

Apple is credited for being the major catalyst behind the early growth of podcasting.[61]

Apps

On July 10, 2008, Apple introduced native mobile apps for its iOS operating system. On iOS, a dedicated App Store application served as the storefront for browsing, downloading, updating, and otherwise managing applications, whereas iTunes on computers had a dedicated section for apps rather than a separate app.[62] In September 2017, Apple updated iTunes to version 12.7, removing the App Store section in the process.[63][64] iTunes 12.6.3 was released the following month, retaining App Store functionality, with 9to5Mac noting that the secondary release was positioned by Apple as "necessary for some businesses performing internal app deployments".[65][66]

iTunes U

In May 2007, Apple announced the launch of "iTunes U" via the iTunes Store, which delivers university lectures from top U.S. colleges.[67][68] With iTunes version 12.7 in August 2017, iTunes U collections became a part of the Podcasts app.[69] On June 10, 2020, Apple formally announced that iTunes U would be discontinued at the end of 2021.[70]

Apple mobile device connectivity

iTunes was required to activate early iPhone and iPad devices. Beginning with the iPhone 3G in June 2008, activation did not require iTunes, making use of activation at point of sale.[71] Later iPhone models are able to be activated and set-up on their own, without requiring the use of iTunes.

iTunes also allows users to backup and restore the content of their Apple mobile devices, such as music, photos, videos, ringtones and device settings,[72] and restore the firmware of their devices. However, as of iTunes 12.7, apps can no longer be purchased and installed using iTunes.[64]

Ping

With the release of iTunes 10 in September 2010, Apple announced iTunes Ping, which CEO Steve Jobs described as "social music discovery". It had features reminiscent of Facebook, including profiles and the ability to follow other users.[73] Ping was discontinued in September 2012.[74]

Criticism

Security

The Telegraph reported in November 2011 that Apple had been aware of a security vulnerability since 2008 that would let unauthorized third parties install "updates" to users' iTunes software. Apple fixed the issue before the Telegraph's report and told the media that "The security and privacy of our users is extremely important", though this was questioned by security researcher Brian Krebs, who told the publication that "A prominent security researcher warned Apple about this dangerous vulnerability in mid-2008, yet the company waited more than 1,200 days to fix the flaw."[75]

Software bloat

iTunes has been repeatedly accused of being bloated as part of Apple's efforts to turn it from a music player to an all-encompassing multimedia platform.[63][76][77][78][79] Former PC World editor Ed Bott accused the company of hypocrisy in its advertising attacks on Windows for similar practices.[80]

The role of iTunes has been replaced with independent apps, Apple Music, Apple Podcasts, and Apple TV; with iPhone, iPod, and iPad management integrated into the Finder starting with macOS 10.15 Catalina, and appearing as Apple Devices starting with Windows 11.[citation needed]

See also

References

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St. Michael, 2014 Innenraum – Blick zum Chor Innenraum – Blick zur Klais-Orgel St. Michael ist eine römisch-katholische Kirche in Würzburg sowie Pfarrkirche und Pfarrei des bischöflichen Priesterseminars. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Geschichte 2 Architektur 2.1 Orgel 3 Bildprogramm 4 Literatur 5 Einzelnachweise 6 Weblinks Geschichte An der Stelle von St. Michael befand sich Anfang des 13. Jahrhunderts eine kleine Kapelle. Sie war der heiligen Agnes geweiht und wurde vom Franziskanerkloster genut…

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) حارة المقاش  - حارة -  تقسيم إداري البلد  اليمن المحافظة محافظة صنعاء المديرية مديرية ضواحي ال

Legislature of the Kingdom of Scotland (1235–1707) This article is about the pre-1707 legislature. For the devolved legislative body established in 1999, see Scottish Parliament. Parliament of Scotland Pàrlamaid na h-AlbaPairlament o ScotlandRoyal Arms of Scotland (until 1603)TypeTypeUnicameral HistoryEstablishedc. 1235Disbanded1 May 1707Preceded byCuria regisSucceeded byParliament of Great BritainLeadershipLord High ChancellorThe Earl of Seafield1 since 1705 Seats2271Election…

هنري الثامنمعلومات عامةالبداية 1613 شكل من الأعمال الإبداعية مسرحية النوع الفني دراما تاريخية في المسرح له طبعات أو ترجمات في Król Henryk VIII (en) The Life of King Henry the Eighth (en) المُؤَلِّف وليم شكسبير لغة العمل أو لغة الاسم الإنجليزية تاريخ النشر 1623 لديه جزء أو أجزاء Orpheus With His Lute (en) تعديل - تعد…

Hong Kong financial and banking company Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) LimitedTypePrivateIndustryBankingFoundedFirst branch on 19 July 1859; 164 years ago (1859-07-19)Local incorporation on 1 July 2004; 19 years ago (2004-07-01)HeadquartersStandard Chartered Bank Building, Central, Hong KongKey peopleBenjamin Hung, Greater China CEOMary Huen, Hong Kong CEOProductsFinancial servicesOperating income HKD27.6 billion (2018)[1]Net income HKD9.7 billion…

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Januari 2016. Mekar JayaDesaNegara IndonesiaProvinsiRiauKabupatenKamparKecamatanKampar KiriKode pos28471Kode Kemendagri14.01.19.2011 Luas... km2Jumlah penduduk... jiwaKepadatan... jiwa/km2 Mekar Jaya merupakan salah satu desa yang ada di kecamatan Kampar Kiri, Kab…

CIF

CIFJenis produkpembersih rumah tanggaPemilikUnileverNegaraPrancisDiluncurkan1969Merek terkaitJif, Vim, Viss, Handy AndyPasar51 negara, GlobalSitus webCif @ Unilever Cif adalah merek produk pembersih rumah tangga oleh Unilever; Yang dikenal sebagai Jif di Australia, Selandia Baru, Timur Tengah dan negara Nordik. Cif merupakan produk pembersih dengan penjualan terbesar abrasif di seluruh dunia. Sejarah Diluncurkan untuk pertama kalinya di Prancis pada tahun 1969, Cif dihadapkan ke pasaran bubuk pe…

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (…

American academic John V. Fleming John Vincent Fleming (born May 20, 1936) is an American literary scholar and the Louis W. Fairchild '24 Professor of English and Comparative Literature, Emeritus, at Princeton University.[1][2] Career Fleming was born on May 26, 1936[3] and graduated from The University of the South in 1958. After studying at Jesus College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar, Fleming earned his Ph.D. in medieval literature from Princeton University in 1963 after…

Chilean diplomat, nazi and Holocaust denier In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Serrano and the second or maternal family name is Fernández. Miguel Serrano FernándezAs ambassador to India, 1957BornMiguel Joaquín Diego del Carmen Serrano Fernández(1917-09-10)10 September 1917Santiago, ChileDied28 February 2009(2009-02-28) (aged 91)Santiago, ChileResting placeSantiago, ChileNationalityChileanAlma materInternado Nacional Barros AranaOccupation(s)Writer, nove…

KFC Naam Kooger Football Club Bijnaam De grote Koogsche Opgericht 20 oktober 1910 Plaats Koog aan de Zaan Complex Sportpark De Koog Competitie Tweede klasse zondag (2020/21) Vierde klasse zaterdag (2020/21) Tenue Portaal    Voetbal Bioscoopjournaal uit mei 1921. Voetbalwedstrijd tussen KFC en EVC. KFC (Kooger Football Club) is een amateurvoetbalvereniging en voormalige profclub uit Koog aan de Zaan, Noord-Holland, Nederland, opgericht op 20 oktober 1910. Geschiedenis De club werd op 20…

Виталий Виценец Общая информация Полное имя Виталий Владимирович Виценец Родился 3 августа 1990(1990-08-03)[1][2][…] (33 года)Першотравенск, Днепропетровская область, Украинская ССР, СССР Гражданство  Украина Рост 182 см Позиция полузащитник Информация о клубе Клуб Звезда …

Australian video game developer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article …

Voce principale: Storia del cristianesimo in età antica. Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento religione è priva o carente di note e riferimenti bibliografici puntuali. Sebbene vi siano una bibliografia e/o dei collegamenti esterni, manca la contestualizzazione delle fonti con note a piè di pagina o altri riferimenti precisi che indichino puntualmente la provenienza delle informazioni. Puoi migliorare questa voce citando le fonti più precisamente. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di rif…

Abels ShipbuildersTypePrivate companyIndustryShipbuilding, BoatbuildingFounded1980Defunct2016[1]HeadquartersBristol Harbour, EnglandKey peopleDavid Abels (founder)Number of employees35 (2001)[2] Abels Shipbuilders Ltd was a ship and boat builder in Bristol, England. In addition to boat building, the company branched out into architectural sculptures, tidal energy and marine restoration, but closed in 2016.[1][3] Business The Orkney Ferries vessel MV Eynhallow depa…

Beauty pageant competition For the state pageant affiliated with Miss America, see Miss Kansas. Miss Kansas USAFormation1952TypeBeauty pageantHeadquartersWichitaLocationKansasMembership Miss USAOfficial language EnglishKey peopleJohn M. VannattaJason VannattaJennifer Vannatta-Fisher, State Pageant DirectorWebsiteOfficial website At the conclusion of the Miss Kansas USA and Miss Kansas Teen USA 2008 pageant held in Lawrence, Kansas in December 2007, Michelle Gillespie is crowned by Cara Gorges (l…

Piala Dunia FIFA 2022كأس العالم لكرة القدم 2022Kaʾs al-ʿālam li-kurrat al-qadam 2022Qatar 20222022 قطرLogo resmi Piala Dunia FIFA 2022Now is All(Sekarang adalah segalanya)Informasi turnamenTuan rumah QatarJadwalpenyelenggaraan20 November – 18 Desember[1][note 1]Jumlahtim peserta32 (dari 5 konfederasi)Tempatpenyelenggaraan8 (di 5 kota)Hasil turnamenJuara Argentina (gelar ke-3)Tempat kedua PrancisTempat ketiga KroasiaTempat ke…

Statue located outside of Dakar, Senegal African Renaissance MonumentMonument de la Renaissance AfricaineClose-up of the statue14°43′20″N 17°29′42″W / 14.72222°N 17.49500°W / 14.72222; -17.49500LocationOuakam suburb, Dakar, SenegalDesignerPierre GoudiabyTypestatueMaterialbronzeHeight52 m (171 ft)Beginning date2008Completion date2010Opening dateApril 3, 2010 The African Renaissance Monument (French: Monument de la Renaissance Africaine)…

Indian scribe, IT professional and volunteer Pushpa Preeyareceiving the Nari Shakti PuraskarBornPushpa PreeyaBangaluru, Karnataka, IndiaOther namesPushpa NagarajAlma materIndira Gandhi National Open UniversityOccupation(s)scribe, IT professionalKnown forwriting exams for visually impaired people Pushpa Preeya also known as either Pushpa NM or Pushpa N. M. is an Indian scribe, IT professional, social activist and volunteer. She is well known for her voluntary service of writing exa…

2015 filmNintendo Quest: The Most Unofficial and Unauthorized Nintendo Documentary Ever!Nintendo Quest film posterDirected byRob McCallumWritten byRob McCallumJordan Christopher MorrisProduced byMichael C. FroussiosJordan Christopher MorrisStarringJay BartlettRob McCallumThor AackerlundSyd BoltonWarren DavisPatrick Scott PattersonWalter DayCinematographySarah MulhollandEdited byRobert McCallumMusic byJohn H. McCarthyProductioncompanyPyre Productions USADistributed byCanamediaRelease date June…

American college football season 2006 Ohio Bobcats footballMAC East Division championMAC Championship Game, L 10–31 vs. Central MichiganGMAC Bowl, L 7–28 vs. Southern MissConferenceMid-American ConferenceDivisionEastRecord9–5 (7–1 MAC)Head coachFrank Solich (2nd season)Offensive coordinatorTim Albin (2nd season)Defensive coordinatorJim Burrow (2nd season)Home stadiumPeden Stadium(Capacity: 24,000)Seasons← 20052007 → 2006 Mid-American Conference f…

Basketball arena at the University of Maryland For the venue in New England, see Xfinity Center (Mansfield, Massachusetts). Xfinity CenterXfinity Center exteriorFormer namesComcast Center (2002–2014)LocationPaint Branch & Regents DrCollege Park, Maryland U.S.Coordinates38°59′43″N 76°56′29″W / 38.99528°N 76.94139°W / 38.99528; -76.94139OwnerMaryland Stadium AuthorityOperatorMaryland Stadium AuthorityCapacity17,950SurfaceHardwoodConstructionBroke groundJul…

Hershey GardensHershey GardensShow map of PennsylvaniaHershey GardensShow map of the United StatesTypeBotanical gardenLocation170 Hotel Road, Hershey, near Harrisburg, PennsylvaniaCoordinates40°17′55″N 76°39′25″W / 40.2987°N 76.6570°W / 40.2987; -76.6570Area23 acres (9.3 ha)Opened1937; 86 years ago (1937)FounderMilton S. HersheyStatusOpen year roundWebsitehersheygardens.org Hershey Gardens is a 23-acre (9.3 ha) botanical garden and …

Trong điện toán, một sự kiện (tiếng Anh: event) là một hành động hoặc sự cố được phần mềm nhận ra, thường xuất phát không đồng bộ từ môi trường bên ngoài, có thể được xử lý bởi phần mềm. Các sự kiện máy tính có thể được tạo hoặc kích hoạt bởi hệ thống, bởi người dùng hoặc theo những cách khác. Thông thường, các sự kiện được xử lý đồng bộ với luồng chương trình…

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