2016 Karrada bombing

July 2016 Karrada bombing
Part of the War in Iraq and Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State
Immediate aftermath of the bombing, with smoke spewing from inside the building
Location	Karrada, Baghdad, Iraq
Date	3 July 2016; 8 years ago (2016-07-03) 00:05 AST (UTC+03)
Target	Western-style shopping centre in a multicultural & multi-faith district of Baghdad.
Attack type	Truck bombing, suicide bombing
Deaths	347+[1][2]
Injured	250+
Perpetrator	Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[3]
Motive	Loss of Fallujah

On 3 July 2016, ISIL militants carried out coordinated bomb attacks in Baghdad that killed 340 civilians and injured hundreds more.^[4] A few minutes after midnight local time (2 July, 21:00 UTC), a suicide truck-bomb targeted the mainly Shia district of Karrada, busy with late night shoppers for Ramadan. A second roadside bomb was detonated in the suburb of Sha'ab, killing at least five.

ISIL issued a statement claiming responsibility for the attack, naming the suicide bomber as Abu Maha al-Iraqi. There were reports that the source of the blast was a refrigerator van packed with explosives. The explosion caused a huge fire on the main street. Several buildings, including the popular Hadi Center, were badly damaged.

On 18 October 2021, Prime Minister of Iraq Mustafa Al-Kadhimi announced that Ghazwan al-Zawbaee, the man behind the bombing was arrested by Iraqi security forces.^[5][6]

Background

The 17 May 2016 Baghdad bombings, which killed over 101 people, were perpetrated by ISIL. Some security analysts saw the bombings in Iraq's capital as an effort to distract the attention of the Iraqi security forces from the then-ongoing battle in Fallujah.^[7] The 2016 Battle of Fallujah came to a close on 29 June with the Iraqi government recapturing the city from ISIL.^[8]

The Baghdad bombings were the third mass killing of civilians by ISIL militants in that past week, following the 28 June attack in Istanbul, Turkey, and the 1 July attack in Dhaka, Bangladesh.^[9] ISIL had sent out calls for increased attacks during the month long celebration of Ramadan.^[10]

Attack and response

The suicide truck bomb hit a shopping area in the upper class Shia-majority district of Karrada, where many people were on the street during the evening shopping and breaking their Ramadan fast with iftar at local cafes.^[11] The bomb was concealed inside a refrigerator truck^[11] driven by a suicide bomber.^[12] It was the first major attack in Baghdad since the Iraqi government's recapture of the city of Fallujah just four days prior.^[13] A Western security source in Baghdad told the BBC the bomb used "a new tactic which helped it to move undetected through checkpoints ... We've never seen it before, and it's very worrying."^[14] The bombers reportedly used a "unique" mix of chemicals for the bomb. "We are used to big fires but the chemicals in this bomb were used for the first time in Iraq," according to Brigadier General Kadhim Bashir Saleh of the Iraqi Civil Defense Force.^[14]

The initial death toll directly due to the bombing had been "limited", but the fire caused by the bombing trapped people in shopping centres, which lacked any emergency exits.^[15] The bombing killed at least 324 people and injured at least 223.^{[16][17][18][19]} Unconfirmed reports state that the car bombs may have passed checkpoints where Iraqi security forces still use fake bomb detectors such as the ADE 651.^[20][21][22]

In the aftermath of the attack, Baghdad Operations Command claimed it had arrested members of a militant cell who were connected to the bombing.^[13]

On 28 August 2023, the government of Iraq announced that three members of ISIL had been executed by hanging for the terrorist attack. Among those reportedly executed was the supposed mastermind of the attack, Ghazwan al-Zawbaee.^[23]

Other attacks

A second roadside explosion occurred in the neighborhood of Sha'ab in northern Baghdad around midnight, killing at least five people and injuring 16.^[13]

A third bombing targeted members of al-Hashd al-Shaabi, killing one person and injuring five as well as damaging a vehicle. The bomb was an IED that detonated in Abu Ghraib District in Baghdad. A vehicle was also damaged.^[24]

A fourth bombing in al-Latifiya in southern Baghdad killed one person. The bomb was placed under a civilian vehicle, and went off when the vehicle was being driven.^[25]

Casualties

The Iraqi Ministry of Defence first stated that at least 167 had been killed and over 180 injured.^[13][26] Reports from the scene indicated that many of those killed were children.^[3][13] After initial reports, the death toll continued to rise as further corpses were recovered from the rubble and injured victims died of their injuries.^[11]

Abdel Ghani Saadon, the general manager of Rusafa Health Directorate, issued a statement noting that the "hospitals of al-Kandi, al-Sadr and Sheikh Zayed received 138 wounded and 70 dead bodies of al-Karrada bombing".^[27] He noted that fifty bodies were burned beyond recognition, and that samples from them had been sent for DNA testing to determine their identities.^[27]

Responsibility

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant issued a statement claiming that it was responsible for the attack and that it had deliberately targeted Shia Muslims,^[3] further identifying the suicide bomber as Abu Maha al-Iraqi.^[12][3]

Jasim al-Bahadli, a former army officer and security analyst in Baghdad, stated that the attack was an ISIL attempt to "compensate for their humiliating defeat in Falluja".^[11]

Reactions

Domestic

Political

The Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi visited the scene of the attack on the following day, and was met by angry crowds shouting "thief" and "dog".^[3][13] They were angry about what they perceived as the government's false promises regarding tightened security.^[11] One local shop owner was quoted as stating "Thank God I managed to hit Abadi with stones to take revenge for the kids".^[13] Abadi stated that he will punish the perpetrators of the bombings.^[28] He also announced a public mourning that will last three days.^[29]

After reporting in their most recent death toll, the Iraqi Ministry of Defence issued a statement admitting they were overwhelmed, with not enough resources, military checkpoints, and intelligence services to properly manage the security of Baghdad.^[26]

On 5 July, Interior Minister Mohammed Al-Ghabban resigned his post.^{[citation needed]} The Interior ministry is responsible for police but not other forces providing security in Baghdad.^[30] In his resignation statement, al-Ghabban said that the security system was "fundamentally flawed" and called for changes to increase the ministry's power. Lieutenant General Abdulamir al-Shimmari, the head of Baghdad Operations Command, along with the Interior Ministry head of intelligence in Baghdad and the official responsible for Baghdad in the national security adviser's office were removed from their posts by al-Abadi. Five convicts were executed and 40 suspected jihadists were arrested following the attack.^[15]

According to the Rudaw Media Network, the bombing was "politically disastrous" for the Iraqi government, which had presented the recapture of Fallujah as a step that would make Baghdad less vulnerable to such attacks, as Abadi said that the attacks originated in Fallujah. Seeing that Baghdad was still vulnerable to such attacks, the population of the city could, according to Rudaw, be less supportive of diverting manpower to liberating Mosul.^[31]

Religious

Iraq's leading Sunni religious organisation, the Association of Muslim Scholars, called the bombing a "bloody crime, regardless of who carried it out or what their motivations were".^[13] A representative of Iraq's top Shia cleric Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, Ahmed al-Safi, paid a visit to the site of the bombings. Christians also held commemorations.^{[citation needed]}

Other

On social media, some Iraqis expressed anger at the ADE 651 fake bomb detector, which Abadi announced would be withdrawn from checkpoints.^[32] Reuters has also reported that Iraqis are calling for increased crackdowns on so-called sleeper cells.^[33] Thousand of Iraqis gathered at the site of the bombing on 6 July to mourn the victims and express solidarity with their families.^[34]

International

Abdul Kareem Khalaf, an advisor to the European Centre for Counter-terrorism and Intelligence Studies think tank, recommended that Abadi "have a meeting with the heads of national security, intelligence, the interior ministry and all sides responsible for security and ask them just one question: How can we infiltrate these groups?"

On 6 July, New Zealand's Sky Tower in Auckland was lit up in the red, white, and black colors of the Iraqi flag to honour the victims of the attack. This initiative came at the urging of an Iraqi-New Zealander named Rania Alani who had called on the Sky Tower management to honour the victims of all attacks equally. Alani pointed out that Sky Tower had lit up in the colours of the French and American flags to honour the victims of attacks like the November 2015 Paris attacks and the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting. In addition, the Auckland Iraqi community held a candlelit vigil at the Mission Bay fountain in a show of solidarity with the Baghdad bombing victims.^[35][36]

See also

• List of Islamist terrorist attacks
• List of terrorist incidents, July–December 2016
• Terrorist incidents in Iraq in 2016
• Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum attack

References

1. "Baghdad blast killed 292, many burned alive". AFP. 7 July 2016. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
2. "Baghdad bombing: Casualties in Karrada rise to 347". Iraqi News. 3 July 2016. Archived from the original on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
3. Chulov, Martin (3 July 2016). "Isis claims responsibility for Baghdad car bombing as 120 die on single day". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 July 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
4. Basu, Moni (12 January 2017). "In Iraq, thousands of terrorism's victims go unnamed". CNN. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
5. "بعد أكثر من 5 سنوات.. الكاظمي يعلن اعتقال المسؤول عن تفجير الكرادة الدامي". baghdadtoday.news (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
6. "Iraq captures mastermind of 2016 Islamic State terror attack that killed hundreds - Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East". www.al-monitor.com. 19 October 2021. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
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8. "119 dead as car bomb rips through Baghdad shoppers". The Hindu. AFP. 4 July 2016. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016. It came a week after Iraqi security forces recaptured Fallujah from IS, leaving Mosul as the only Iraqi city under the jihadist group's control.
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17. "Fury over insecurity as Iraqis mourn 200 dead in Baghdad blast". Yahoo! News. 4 July 2016. Archived from the original on 5 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
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21. Hussain, Murtaza (23 November 2015). "This Fake Bomb Detector Is Blamed for Hundreds of Deaths. It's Still in Use". The Intercept. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
22. "Death toll in Baghdad bombing rises to 324: ministry". Reuters. 31 July 2016. Archived from the original on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
23. "Three hanged for Iraq bombing that killed more than 300 people". BBC News. 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
24. Loaa, Adel (3 July 2016). "Bomb explosion in western Baghdad, one al-Hashd al-Shaabi member killed". Iraqi News. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
25. Sarhan, Amre (3 July 2016). "Car bomb blast kills civilian in al-Latifiya in southern Baghdad". Iraqi News. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
26. Adel, Loaa (3 July 2016). "Baghdad bombing: Casualties in Karrada rise to 347 – Iraqi News". Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
27. Adel, Loaa (3 July 2016). "Baghdad bombing: Scores of people dead, dozens injured". Iraqi News. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
28. "Bom Baghdad Tewaskan 120 Orang, Irak Umumkan Berkabung Nasional". 4 July 2016. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
29. Sarhan, Amre (3 July 2016). "Baghdad bombing: Abadi announces three-day mourning for Karrada victims - Iraqi News". Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
30. "Iraqi minister submits resignation over Baghdad bombing - News from". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 July 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
31. Iddon, Paul. "Will Baghdad's deadliest bombing affect plans to liberate Mosul?". Rudaw. Archived from the original on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
32. "More than 120 killed in Islamic State's worst bomb attack in the Iraqi capital". Chicago Tribune. 4 July 2016. Archived from the original on 6 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
33. "Iraqis want crackdown on 'sleeper cells' after huge Baghdad bomb". Reuters. 5 July 2016. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
34. "Thousands gather to mourn victims of Baghdad blast". al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
35. Satherley, Dan (6 July 2016). "Sky Tower to honour Iraqi dead". Newshub. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
36. Barrat, Nicola (6 July 2016). "Sky Tower lights up in honour of Baghdad bomb victims". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.

External links

• Media related to July 2016 Baghdad bombings at Wikimedia Commons

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