Studi Alkitab

Studi Alkitab (bahasa Inggris: Biblical studies adalah aplikasi akademik serangkaian disiplin ilmu untuk mempelajari Alkitab Ibrani dan Alkitab Kristen.[1][2] Teori dan metode bidang tersebut diambil dari berbagai disiplin ilmu yang meliputi arkeologi, sejarah purbakala, latar belakang budaya, kritik teks, kritik sastra, latar belakang sejarah, filologi, dan ilmu sosial.[1]

Definisi

Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies mendefinisikan bidang ini sebagai suatu set berbagai disiplin studi, dan pada sejumlah kasus disiplin-disiplin studi independen untuk mempelajari koleksi teks-teks kuno yang dikenal sebagai Alkitab.[1] Disiplin-disiplin ini termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada arkeologi, Ilmu tentang Mesir, kritik teks, linguistik, sejarah, sosiologi dan teologi.[1]

Sejarah Alkitab

Riset sejarah sering mendominasi studi alkitabiah modern. Para sarjana Alkitab biasanya mencoba menafsirkan suatu teks di dalam konteks sejarah asli dan menggunakan informasi apapun yang tersedia untuk merekonstruksi setting itu. Kritik sejarah bertujuan untuk menentukan asal-usul, kepengarangan, dan proses penyusunan teks-teks kuno. Teori-teori terkenal kritik sejarah termasuk hipotesis dokumen, yang pernah mengusulkan bahwa Taurat tersusun dari kompilasi empat sumber tertulis yang berbeda, dan berbagai rekonstruksi "Yesus yang bersejarah", yang didasarkan terutama pada perbedaan-perbedaan di antara kitab-kitab Injil Kanonik.

Bahasa asli

Kebanyakan Alkitab Ibrani, Tanakh, yang menjadi dasar Perjanjian Lama Alkitab Kristen, ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani alkitabiah, meskipun sejumlah pasal ditulis dalam bahasa Aram alkitabiah. Perjanjian Baru ditulis dalam bahasa Yunani Koine, dengan kemungkinan pengaruh bahasa Aram, sebagaimana terjemahan pertama Alkitab Ibrani ke dalam bahasa Yunani Perjanjian Lama yang dikenal sebagai Septuaginta. Karenanya, bahasa Ibrani, bahasa Yunani, dan kadang kala bahasa Aram terus diajarkan di sebagian besar universitas, college dan seminari yang mempunyai program kuat dalam bidang studi Alkitab.

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c d The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies by J. W. Rogerson and Judith M. Lieu (May 18, 2006) ISBN 0199254257 page xvii
  2. ^ Introduction to Biblical Studies, Second Edition by Steve Moyise (Oct 27, 2004) ISBN 0567083977 pages 11–12

Pustaka tambahan

  • The Cambridge History of the Bible, 3 vols., eds. P. R. Ackroyd, C. F. Evans, S. L. Greenslade and G. W. H. Lampe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963, 1969, 1970.
  • Frei, Hans. The Eclipse of Biblical Narrative: A Study in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Hermeneutics. New Haven: Yale, 1974.
  • Greenspahn, Frederick E. "Biblical Scholars, Medieval and Modern," in J. Neusner et al. (eds.), Judaic Perspectives on Ancient Israel (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987), pp. 245–258.
  • Harrison, Peter. The Bible, Protestantism, and the Rise of Natural Science. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 2001.
  • Harrisville, Roy A. & Walter Sundberg. The Bible in Modern Culture: Baruch Spinoza to Brevard Childs. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001.
  • Knight, Douglas A. and Gene M. Tucker, eds. The Hebrew Bible and Its Modern Interpreters. Philadelphia: Fortress/Chico: Scholars Press, 1985.
  • Nicholson, Ernest W. The Pentateuch in the Twentieth Century: The Legacy of Julius Wellhausen. Oxford: Clarendon, 1998.
  • Noll, Mark A. Between Faith and Criticism: Evangelicals, Scholarship, and the Bible in America. Harper & Row, 1986.
  • Reventlow, Henning Graf. The Authority of the Bible and the Rise of the Modern World. Tr. J. Bowden. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.
  • Sherwood, Yvonne and Stephen D. Moore. The Invention of the Biblical Scholar: A Critical Manifesto. Fortress, 2011.
  • Sperling, S. David. Students of the Covenant: A History of Jewish Biblical Scholarship in North America. Atlanta Scholars Press, 1992.
  • Sugirtharajah, R.S. The Bible and the Third World: Precolonial, Colonial, and Postcolonial Encounters. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 2001.

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