Praça Doutor João Mendes

Praça Doutor João Mendes
Praça Doutor João Mendes
Trolébus passando no entroncamento da Praça João Mendes com a Avenida da Liberdade
Praça Doutor João Mendes
Nome popular Praça João Mendes

Praça do Fórum

Inauguração 1757 (268 anos)
Cruzamentos Rua Tabatinguera

Avenida da Liberdade
Praça da Sé
Rua Anita Garibaldi
Rua Riachuelo
Viaduto Dona Paulina

Cidade São Paulo
Subprefeitura(s)
Bairro(s)

Liberdade

A Praça Doutor João Mendes, mais conhecida como Praça João Mendes, é uma praça localizada no centro do município de São Paulo, cujo nome é uma homenagem ao jurista João Mendes de Almeida.[1]

Histórico

Antes de existir a praça, neste local havia a Igreja de Nossa Senhora dos Remédios, construída por volta de 1727. Nesta igreja o abolicionista Antônio Bento recolhia os escravos que libertava, ele era o provedor da referida igreja.[2]

A praça começou a ser formada no ano de 1756, quando a Irmandade de N. S. da Conceição e São Gonçalo Garcia escolheu o local para a construção de uma capela (capela dos pardos). Em 1757 já existia um pequeno pátio, em frente à capela, que era chamado Campo, Pátio ou Largo de São Gonçalo Garcia. Entre 1788 e 1789, ali se instala a Câmara Municipal de São Paulo, que permaneceria no local até o final do século XIX.[3] O mesmo prédio abrigava a cadeia. Por essa razão, o Largo de São Gonçalo passou a ser chamado de Largo da Cadeia ou Largo Municipal.

Em 1823, após a Independência do Brasil, foram criados os Conselhos do Governo, dentre os quais o Conselho de Estado, compostos por seis membros, que também eram vice-presidentes da Província. As reuniões do Conselho passaram a acontecer, também, no mesmo prédio do Largo de São Gonçalo. Assim, na mesma sede funcionavam a Câmara, o Conselho, as sessões do júri e a cadeia (com celas masculinas e femininas), além de um depósito e da moradia do carcereiro.

Entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XX, vários prédios foram demolidos, e o antigo Largo foi ampliado, incorporando trechos das antigas Ruas da Cadeia e do Teatro (desaparecidas com a reforma urbana). O local era conhecido por possuir o maior teatro da época, o Teatro São José, que entre os vários eventos culturais que apresentou, estavam peças de Castro Alves e óperas de Carlos Gomes.[2] Em noites de espetáculos, era comum ficar cheio de carruagens, muitos alugados e para isso, a municipalidade designara em 1873, locais para estacionamento: o Largo do Colégio e o próprio largo Municipal (Praça João Mendes).[4]

A igreja dos Remédios foi também demolida e na época a prefeitura pagou 800 contos de réis pela desapropriação. Pediu a confraria seus azulejos, porém não foi atendida.[5]

O jardim da praça João Mendes foi realizado em 1879 por Joaquim Gaspar dos Santos Pereira, que em 1873 recebeu o privilégio de executar o serviço de jardins da capital por cinquenta anos. Como todos os outros jardins da época, o da praça João Mendes foi cercado por gradis (de acordo com o sistema inglês de jardins), o que causou um transtorno no trânsito uma vez que a praça era movimentada: tinha um teatro, duas igrejas, além da Assembléia e da Câmara.[4]

Em 29 de Novembro de 1898, através da Resolução nº 102, o largo foi oficialmente denominado Praça Dr. João Mendes. João Mendes de Almeida morou em um casarão ao lado da Igreja São Gonçalo, onde atualmente é a tradicional padaria Santa Tereza.[2]

Em 1913 foi inaugurado o Pathé Palace na praça, com capacidade para 1040 lugares.[6]

Na década de 1950, ali se instalou o Fórum João Mendes, que hoje é o maior fórum civil do Brasil.[carece de fontes?]

Referências

  1. Dicionário de Ruas - História das Ruas de São Paulo
  2. a b c «Exposição retrata cinqüentenário do Fórum João Mendes». Jusbrasil. Consultado em 9 de junho de 2020 
  3. Portal da Câmara Municipal de São Paulo.
  4. a b Silva Bruno, Ernani (1954). «Histórias e Tradições de São Paulo» (PDF). Livraria José Olympio Editora / Digitalizado Memoria.org.br. Consultado em 9 de junho de 2020 
  5. Rotary Club, Rotary Club (5 de fevereiro de 2018). «Centro Histórico Liberdade-Sé-Pateo do Colégio» (PDF). Rotary Club. Consultado em 9 de junho de 2020 
  6. «SALAS DE CINEMA DE SÃO PAULO: Pathé Palace (São Paulo - SP)». SALAS DE CINEMA DE SÃO PAULO. Consultado em 9 de junho de 2020 
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