레바논 내전

레바논 내전
아랍의 봄, 아랍-이스라엘 분쟁, 냉전의 일부

1982년 마티르스 광장
날짜1975년 4월 13일 ~ 1990년 10월 13일
장소
결과

타이프 협정

  • 레바논 의회에서 기독교인과 이슬람교도의 비율을 55:45에서 50:50으로 변경[1]
  • 헤즈볼라를 제외한 레바논 내 모든 무장 세력의 무장해제[2]

팔레스타인 해방기구와 레바논 정부의 지속적인 충돌

자유 레바논국의 붕괴
헤즈볼라가 레바논의 주요 정치 세력으로 성장

이스라엘시리아의 레바논 점령
교전국

AFL (1976~78)
이스라엘 이스라엘 (1978~1990)

SLA (1976~1990)

레바논 LNM (~1982)

팔레스타인 PLO
ASALA


헤즈볼라의 기 헤즈볼라 (1985~)
이란의 기 이란 (1980~)


이슬람 통일운동 (1982~1990)

시리아 시리아 (1976,1983~)
아말 운동
팔레스타인 PNSF

ALZ

레바논 레바논 정부군


유엔 UNIFIL (1982~1990)
MFIL (1982~1984)


레바논 내전(아랍어: الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية)은 1975년 4월 13일부터 1990년 10월 13일까지 일어난 다각적인 무력 충돌이었다. 이 내전의 결과로 약 12만 명의 사망자가 발생했고,[3] 약 1,000,000명의 사람들이 레바논에서 탈출했다.[4]

레바논의 주민들은 수니파 이슬람교도와 기독교도가 대부분을 차지했고, 시아파는 주로 레바논 남쪽과 동쪽의 베카 계곡에 거주했으며, 드루즈인들과 기독교도는 레바논의 산악지대에 거주했다. 레바논 정부는 마론파 기독교 공동체 내 엘리트들이 상당한 영향력을 가지고 운영했다.[5][6] 1920년부터 1943년까지 프랑스 위임통치령 시리아 하에서 정치와 종교의 연계가 강화되었고, 프랑스 의회 구조는 기독교인 다수에게 주도적인 위치를 선호했다. 그러나, 레바논은 많은 무슬림 인구를 가지고 있었고, 많은 범아랍주의자들과 좌파 단체들은 기독교가 지배하는 친서방 정부에 반대했다. 1948년과 1967년에 수천 명의 팔레스타인인들이 유입되면서 레바논의 인구가 무슬림 인구를 선호하게 되었다. 냉전1958년 레바논 위기 이전의 정치적 양극화와 밀접한 관련이 있는 레바논에 강력한 붕괴 효과를 가져왔는데, 이는 레바논 내의 기독교인들은 서구 세계의 편을 들었고, 좌파, 이슬람교도, 범아랍주의 단체들은 소련과 동맹을 맺은 아랍 국가들의 편을 들었기 때문이다.[7]

각주

  1. “The Taif Agreement” (PDF). 2018년 4월 17일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 8월 9일에 확인함. 
  2. Ranstorp, Magnus, Hizb'allah in Lebanon: The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis, New York, St. Martins Press, 1997, p. 105
  3. UN Human Rights Council. 23 November 2006. "IMPLEMENTATION OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 60/251 OF 15 MARCH 2006 ENTITLED HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL." p.18.
  4. 대니얼 바이만, 케네스 마이클 폴락. "Things Fall Apart: Containing the Spillover from an Iraqi Civil War." p. 139
  5. Inhorn, Marcia C., and Soraya Tremayne. 2012. Islam and Assisted Reproductive Technologies. p. 238.
  6. “Who are the Maronites?”. 《BBC News – Middle East》. 2007년 8월 6일. 
  7. "Beware of Small States: Lebanon, Battleground of the Middle East." p. 62

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