Metilcicloesano

Metilcicloesano
Nome IUPAC
Metilcicloesano
Nomi alternativi
Esaidrotoluene,

Cicloesilmetano, Toluene esaidruro

Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareC7H14
Massa molecolare (u)98.189
AspettoLiquido incolore
Numero CAS108-87-2
Numero EINECS203-624-3
PubChem7962
SMILES
CC1CCCCC1
Proprietà chimico-fisiche
Densità (g/cm3, in c.s.)98.189
Solubilità in acqua0.014 g/l a 25 °C
Temperatura di fusione-123.3 °C (146.8 K)
Temperatura di ebollizione101 °C (347 K)
Tensione di vapore (Pa) a 293.15 K49300
Indicazioni di sicurezza

Il metilcicloesano è un composto organico con formula molecolare CH3C6H11. È un idrocarburo saturo liquido a temperatura ambiente, incolore e con un debole odore. Il metilcicloesano è impiegato come solvente ed è spesso presente in liquidi di correzione (bianchetti).

Produzione e utilizzo

Può essere prodotto per idrogenazione del toluene:

CH3C6H5 + 3 H2 → CH3C6H11

Il metilcicloesano, usato come componente di miscela, viene generalmente deidrogenato per ottenere toluene, che incrementa il numero di ottano dei combustibili per automobili.[1]

La conversione di metilcicloesano in toluene avviene per una reazione di aromatizzazione classica. Questa reazione platino-catalizzata è praticata in scala nella produzione di benzina da petrolio.[2]

È inoltre una sostanza comune nelle miscele surrogate per jet.[3][4]

Solvente

Il metilcicloesano è impiegato come solvente organico, con proprietà simili a quelle di idrocarburi saturi come l'eptano[5]. È inoltre un solvente per molti fluidi di correzione.

Struttura

Il metilcicloesano è un cicloesano monosostituito poiché è presente una sola diramazione con un gruppo metile. Come tutti i cicloesani, può rapidamente passare da una configurazione a sedia ad un'altra. La forma a più bassa energia si ha quando il gruppo metile occupa una posizione equatoriale piuttosto che assiale. In posizione assiale, il gruppo metile subisce uno sforzo sterico per la presenza degli idrogeni assiali nello stesso lato dell'anello (noto come interazione diassiale 1,3). Esistono 2 di queste interazioni, una per ciascuna combinazione di coppia metile/idrogeno che contribuisce con un'energia di 7,61 kJ/mol. La conformazione equatoriale non subisce questa interazione ed è quindi energeticamente favorita.

Infiammabilità e tossicità

Il metilcicloesano è infiammabile.

È considerato inoltre "molto tossico per la vita acquatica".[6] È da notare che, mentre il metilcicloesano è una sottostruttura del 4-metilcicloesanmetanolo (MCHM)[non chiaro], si distingue per le sue proprietà fisiche, chimiche e biologiche (ecologiche, metaboliche e tossicologiche).[7]

Note

  1. ^ Larry Campbell, Cyclohexane, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2012, doi:10.1002/14356007.a08_209.pub2.
  2. ^ James H. Gary, Glenn E. Handwerk e Mark J. Kaiser, Petroleum Refining Technology and Economics, 2ª ed., Marcel Dekker Inc., 1984, ISBN 9780824771508.
  3. ^ Tim Edwards, Meredith Colket, Nick Cernansky, Fred Dryer, Fokion Egolfopoulos, Dan Friend, Ed Law, Dave Lenhert, Peter Lindstedt, Heinz Pitsch, Adel Sarofim, Kal Seshadri, Mitch Smooke, Wing Tsang & Skip Williams, AIAA2007-770: Development of an Experimental Database and Kinetic Models for Surrogate Jet Fuels, in 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 8-11 January 2007, Reno, Nevada, 2007, DOI:10.2514/6.2007-770.
  4. ^ Meredith Colket, Tim Edwards, Fred Dryer, Skip Williams, Nicholas Cernansky, David Miller, Fokion Egolfopoulos, Frederick Dryer & Josette Bellan, AIAA 2008-972: Identification of Target Validation Data for Development of Surrogate Jet Fuels, in 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 8-11 January 2007, Reno, Nevada, 2008, DOI:10.2514/6.2008-972.
  5. ^ D. Bryce-Smith e E. T. Blues, Unsolvated n-Butylmagnesium Chloride, in Organic Synthesis, vol. 47, n. 113, DOI:10.15227/orgsyn.047.0113.
  6. ^ Scheda dei Dati di Sicurezza 91/155/CEE (PDF), su zetalab.it.
  7. ^ Methylcyclohexane, su cdc.gov.

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