Infinitene

Infinitene
Formula di struttura dell'infinitene
Formula di struttura dell'infinitene
Modello ad aste dell'infinitene
Modello ad aste dell'infinitene
Modello molecolare dell'infinitene
Modello molecolare dell'infinitene
Nome IUPAC
ciclo[c.c.c.c.c.c.e.e.e.e.e.e]dodecakisbenzene
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareC48H24
Massa molecolare (u)600,7
Aspettosolido giallo
Proprietà chimico-fisiche
Densità (g/cm3, in c.s.)1,388
(a -150 °C)
Indicazioni di sicurezza

L'infinitene è un idrocarburo policiclico aromatico avente formula molecolare C48H24.

È chiamato in questo modo perché è formato da una banda di 12 anelli benzenici condensati, banda con torsione e intrecciata al centro, che si svolge in 3 dimensioni e che disegna il profilo del simbolo matematico di infinito () o, girata di 90°, disegna la cifra 8. La molecola può essere considerata formalmente come l'unione di due subunità omochirali di esaelicene ([6]elicene).[1]

L'infinitene è un topoisomero del kekulene, anch'esso un [12]circulene costituito da 12 anelli benzenici condensati, ma connessi con una diversa topologia e giacenti, però, tutti su un unico piano. È stato considerato una delle più interessanti molecole dell'anno 2021 dal periodico Chemical & Engineering News.[2]

Pur contenendo 48 elettroni nel suo sistema π (4n elettroni, con n = 12) , la molecola appare aromatica.[1][3] Questo non infrange la regola di Hückel, che vale strettamente solo per molecole monocicliche.[4]

Struttura molecolare

La molecola di infinitene è intrinsecamente chirale e la sua struttura a forma di 8 è stata verificata tramite cristallografia a raggi X. L'infinitene cristallizza nel sistema monoclino, gruppo spaziale P21/n, con costanti di reticolo a = 1128,6 pm, b = 1335,9 pm, c = 1950,8 pm, α = 90°, β =102,26°, γ = 90°, con quattro molecole per cella elementare.[5]

Nella zona della molecola dove avviene l'incrocio centrale delle due bande di anelli l'ingombro sterico è sensibile e la distanza minima tra due carboni non legati è d(CC) = 292,0 pm,[6] mentre la distanza minima attesa in base al raggio di van der Waals del carbonio sarebbe 2×170 pm = 340 pm.[7]

Preparazione e proprietà

L'infinitene fu sintetizzato per la prima volta nel 2021 da Kenichiro Itami e collaboratori all'Università di Nagoya.[8][5] L'infinitene può essere ottenuto per reazione tra il 3,9-di(bromometil)crisene e il dibenzo[c,l]crisene-3,11-dimetiltiolo come materiali di partenza.[6]

È un solido giallo stabile, solubile in solventi organici comuni come cloroformio e benzene, che esibisce fluorescenza verde. Può essere ricristallizzato da una sua soluzione cloroformica per lenta diffusione in essa di metanolo.[6]

Voci correlate

Note

  1. ^ a b Rinaldo Cervellati, L’infinitene è aromatico?, su La Chimica e la Società, 15 giugno 2022. URL consultato il 24 ottobre 2024.
  2. ^ Chemical & Engineering News 2021
  3. ^ (EN) Mesías Orozco-Ic, Rashid R. Valiev e Dage Sundholm, Non-intersecting ring currents in [12]infinitene, in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 24, n. 11, 16 marzo 2022, pp. 6404–6409, DOI:10.1039/D2CP00637E. URL consultato il 24 ottobre 2024.
  4. ^ (EN) John D. Roberts, Andrew Streitwieser e Clare M. Regan, Small-Ring Compounds. X. Molecular Orbital Calculations of Properties of Some Small-Ring Hydrocarbons and Free Radicals 1, in Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 74, n. 18, 1952-09, pp. 4579–4582, DOI:10.1021/ja01138a038. URL consultato il 16 luglio 2022.
  5. ^ a b Krzeszewski et al. 2022
  6. ^ a b c (EN) Maciej Krzeszewski, Hideto Ito e Kenichiro Itami, Infinitene: A Helically Twisted Figure-Eight [12]Circulene Topoisomer, in Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 144, n. 2, 19 gennaio 2022, pp. 862–871, DOI:10.1021/jacs.1c10807. URL consultato il 24 ottobre 2024.
  7. ^ Van Der Waals Radius for all the elements in the Periodic Table, su periodictable.com. URL consultato il 24 ottobre 2024.
  8. ^ Itami et al. 2021

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