Friedrich Schlegel

Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel

Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel (Hannover, 10 marzo 1772Dresda, 12 gennaio 1829) è stato un filosofo, critico e traduttore tedesco, come suo fratello Wilhelm August von Schlegel. È considerato uno dei fondatori del Romanticismo.

Biografia

Figlio del pastore luterano Johann Adolf Schlegel (1721–1793), trascorse gran parte della sua infanzia presso uno zio e presso il fratello maggiore Wilhelm.

Dopo aver interrotto un apprendistato nel commercio a Lipsia, studiò da solo per ottenere accesso all'università dove seguì corsi di diritto, matematica, filologia classica, medicina e filosofia dapprima a Gottinga e in seguito a Lipsia.

Amico di Novalis, Tieck e degli altri romantici, ammiratore di Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ma avversario letterario di Friedrich von Schiller, con il fratello August Wilhelm pubblicò dal 1798 al 1800 la rivista Athenäum.

Visse a Jena, Berlino, Colonia, Parigi; stabilitosi poi a Vienna nel 1808 e convertitosi al cattolicesimo, divenne stretto collaboratore del cancelliere Metternich (partecipò ai lavori del Congresso di Vienna e venne con lui in Italia nel 1819) e uno dei massimi teorici della Restaurazione.

Tra le sue opere letterarie ricordiamo il dramma classicistico Alarcos (1802) e Lucinde (1799), romanzo a sfondo autobiografico che suscitò scalpore per il suo intento di conciliare amore spirituale e sensualità. Ben più importanti i suoi scritti critici e filosofici, fra cui i frammenti Critici e poetici, Sul valore dello studio dei greci e dei romani, Storia della poesia dei greci e dei romani, e soprattutto i Frammenti, tentativo di fondere la lingua concentrata, pregnante, ricca di paradossi, elementi poetici, filosofici e religiosi.

Il suo saggio Sulla lingua e sulla saggezza degli indiani del 1808 contribuì alla diffusione degli studi sulla cultura indiana di sir William Jones, sviluppando inoltre l'idea che tutte le grandi culture e religioni del mondo derivassero da quelle dell'India.[1]

Per Schlegel, tutti i popoli che si erano distinti per grandi risultati culturali sarebbero derivati per omologia dallo stesso popolo, il quale a sua volta aveva origine dal mitico monte Meru dell'estremo nord.[2] Schlegel diede inoltre avvio alla poetica romantica, sostenendo la necessità di svincolare la letteratura dai modelli classici. In una delle sue ultime opere, Storia della letteratura antica e moderna (1815), lavorò a una storia letteraria di taglio sistematico.

Onorificenze

Opere

  • Vom ästhetischen Werte der griechischen Komödie, 1794 ("Sul valore estetico della commedia greca")
  • Über die Diotima, 1795 ("Riguardo a Diotima")
  • Versuch über den Begriff des Republikanismus, 1796 ("Un tentativo sul concetto di repubblicanesimo")
  • Georg Forster, 1797
  • Über das Studium der griechischen Poesie, 1797 ("Riguardo allo studio della poesia greca")
  • Über Lessing, 1797 ("Su Lessing")
  • Kritische Fragmente („Lyceums“-Fragmente), 1797 ("Frammenti critici, detti anche «Frammenti del Liceo»")
  • Fragmente („Athenäums“-Fragmente), 1797-1798 ("Frammenti, detti anche «Frammenti dell'Ateneo»")
  • Lucinde, 1799
  • Über die Philosophie. An Dorothea, 1799 ("Sulla Filosofia. A Dorothea")
  • Gespräch über die Poesie, 1800 ("Discorso sulla Poesia")
  • Über die Unverständlichkeit, 1800 ("Sull'incomprensibilità")
  • Charakteristiken und Kritiken, 1801 ("Caratteristiche e critiche")
  • Alarkos, 1802
  • Reise nach Frankreich, 1803 ("Viaggio in Francia")
  • Sprache und Weisheit der Inder, 1808 ("Lingua e saggezza dell'India")
  • Geschichte der alten und neueren Literatur, Vorlesungen, 1815 ("Storia della letteratura antica e contemporanea, lezioni")

Note

  1. ^ Suo fratello Wilhelm, anche lui studioso di sanscrito e cultura orientale, pubblicò successivamente edizioni in latino della Bhagavad-Gita e del Ramayana.
  2. ^ Secondo Schlegel questa razza non poteva che essere la razza bianca indo-nordica cui aveva applicato il termine di "ariani", il quale avrebbe portato, successivamente, ben al di là della volontà del suo teorizzatore, allo sviluppo dell'ariosofia e altre tesi talora razziste e antisemite. Con l'opera, ispiratrice di idee cattolico-tradizionaliste, si sarebbe diffuso il mito romantico del sorgere delle Nazioni d'Europa che avrebbe attratto anche alcuni esponenti del risorgimento italiano.

Bibliografia

  • Michele Cianciulli, Mazzini e il Romanticismo. Roma, "L'Idealismo Realistico", 1928.
  • Cometa Michele, "Introduzione", in F. Schlegel, Frammenti critici e poetici, Torino, Einaudi, 1998.
  • Carmen Flaim, Tommaseo e la cultura tedesca [in Rete].
  • Rudolf Steiner, Lo studio dei sintomi storici. Milano, Antroposofica, 2016.
  • Sebastiano Timpanaro, Il contrasto tra i fratelli Schlegel e Franz Bopp sulla struttura e la genesi delle lingue indoeuropee, «Critica Storica» X (1973), 553-590.
  • Bopp sulla struttura e la genesi delle lingue indoeuropee (in "Critica Storica", dicembre 1973).

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni


Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN59099547 · ISNI (EN0000 0001 0905 3414 · SBN CFIV092312 · BAV 495/126105 · CERL cnp00904679 · LCCN (ENn50004738 · GND (DE118607987 · BNE (ESXX1159130 (data) · BNF (FRcb12036520h (data) · J9U (ENHE987007267507705171 · NSK (HR000017201 · NDL (ENJA00455576 · CONOR.SI (SL22027619

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