John Field

John Field

John Field (Dublino, 26 luglio 1782Mosca, 23 gennaio 1837) è stato un compositore e pianista irlandese. È conosciuto soprattutto per aver inventato il genere pianistico romantico del "notturno", che ispirerà decine di compositori del romanticismo musicale fra cui Fryderyk Chopin.

Biografia

Nacque in una famiglia di artisti: il padre, Robert Field, era un pastore protestante e suonatore di violino mentre il nonno, a lui omonimo, si dilettava con il pianoforte ed insegnò questo strumento al giovane John. Questi continuerà nello studio dell'organo in seguito con Tommaso Giordani.

Nel 1792 la famiglia si trasferisce a Londra e Field diventa allievo del compositore Muzio Clementi (al quale in seguito dedicherà una sua prima raccolta di sonate): mentre si esibisce per lui riceve il commento positivo di Joseph Haydn. Nel 1801 Field segue Clementi nel suo tour a Vienna (dove studia per un periodo con Johann Georg Albrechtsberger) e Parigi per poi stabilirsi definitivamente in Russia, dove diventa popolarissimo nei salotti aristocratici di Mosca e San Pietroburgo (città questa in cui nel 1810 si sposerà con una francese).

Raggiunta una certa fama, inizia ad esibirsi per conto proprio e tiene dei trionfali concerti a Parigi, in Belgio, in Svizzera ed in Italia. Nel 1831 però soffrendo di cancro all'intestino, è costretto a ritornare a Londra: passa per la Francia, dove ha l'occasione di ascoltare alcuni lavori per pianoforte di Liszt e, dopo aver trascorso nove mesi in un ospedale di Napoli, riesce a tornare a Mosca grazie all'aiuto di una famiglia nobile che lo aiuta finanziariamente. Nei suoi ultimi 16 mesi di vita compone gli ultimi notturni ma non smette di esibirsi: la sua ultima esibizione è del 1836 insieme a Carl Czerny.

Tra le tante opere di John Field meritano di essere citati i 7 Concerti per pianoforte ed i numerosi pezzi da solista, alcuni dei quali sono raccolti sotto il nome di Notturni; primo esempio del genere verranno presi ad esempio da numerosi compositori a venire tra cui il già citato Chopin e soprattutto Michail Glinka.

Composizioni

  • Pianoforte e Orchestra
    • Concerto No. 1 in E-flat Major (1799)
    • Concerto No. 2 in A flat Major (Leipzig, 1816)
    • Concerto No. 3 in E-flat Major (Leipzig, 1816)
    • Concerto No. 4 in E-flat Major (St. Petersburg, 1814)
    • Concerto No. 5 in C major, l'Incendie par l'Orage. (St. Petersburg, 1817)
    • Concerto No. 6 in C major (1819, rev. 1820)
    • Concerto No. 7 in c minor (1822)
    • Fantasie sur un air favorit de mon ami NP. (Moscow, 1823)
    • Serenade (based on a variant of Nocturne No. 5) B flat (1810)
  • Musica da camera
    • Divertissement avec Quatuor. No. 1 E Major (Moscow, 1810)
    • Divertissement avec Quatuor. No. 2 A Major (Moscow, 1811)
    • Rondeau avec Quatuor in A-flat Major (St. Petersburg, 1812)
    • Nocturne No. 16 in F Major. Piano with string quartet (Paris, 1836)

Opere per pianoforte solo

  • Notturni
    • No.1 in E-flat Major (St. Petersburg, 1812)
    • Romance in C minor
    • No. 2 in C minor (Moscow, 1812)
    • No. 3 in A-flat Major (Moscow, 1812)
    • No. 4 in A Major (St. Petersburg, 1817)
    • Serenade in B-flat Major
    • No. 5 in B-flat Major (St. Petersburg, 1817)
    • No. 6 in F Major (two versions) (Moscow, 1817)
    • No. 7 in C Major (St. Petersburg, 1821)
    • No. 8 in A Major (St. Petersburg, 1821)
    • Pastoral in A Major (Vienna, 1816)
    • No. 9 in E-flat Major (Romance) (Leipzig, 1816)
    • No. 10 in E minor
    • No. 11 in E-flat Major (Berlin, 1833)
    • No. 12 in G Major (Paris, 1834)
    • No. 13 in D minor (Paris, 1834)
    • No. 14 in C Major (1835)
    • No. 15 in C Major (Paris, 1834)
    • No. 16 in F Major
    • Grande Pastorale (Nocturne no. 17 in Breitkopf & Härtel edition) (London, 1832)
    • Pastoral E Major
    • Nocturne in B-flat Major
    • The Troubadour
  • Sonate
    • No. 1 in E-flat. Op. 1 No.1 (London, 1801)
    • No. 2 in A. Op. 1 No.2 (London, 1801)
    • No. 3 in C minor. Op.1 No. 3 (London, 1801)
    • No. 4 in B (St. Petersburg, 1813)
  • Fantasie
    • Fantasie sur l'Andante de Martini. Op. 3. (St. Petersburg, 1811)
    • Nouvelle Fantasie sur le motif de la polonaise Ah quel dommage. G major (Leipzig, 1816)
    • Fantasie sur un air favorit de mon ami NP. A minor (1822)
    • Nouvelle Fantaisie. G major (Berlin & Paris, 1833)
  • Variazioni
    • Fal la la, the much admired air in The Cherokee, with variations A major (London, 1795)
    • Air avec variations, 'Since then I'm Doomed.' C major (London, 1800)
    • Air du bon roi Henri IV Varié. B flat (St. Petersburg, 1812)
    • Kamarinskaya, Air Russe Varié. B flat (Moscow, 1809)
    • Chanson Russe Varié. d minor (St. Petersburg, 1818)
    • Variations on a Russian National Song a minor
  • Rondò
    • The two Favourite Dances in Blackbeard, as a rondo (London, 1798)
    • 'Signora Del Caro '5 Hornpipe,' arranged as a rondo
    • Rondo on the air 'Logie of Buchan' (London, 1799)
    • 'Speed the Plough,' arranged as a rondo (London, 1799)
    • Introduction and rondo on Blewitt's Cavatina, 'Return, return.' E major. (London, 1832)
  • Studi
    • Exercice modulé dans tous les tons majeurs et mineurs
    • Exercice Nouveau. C major (St. Petersburg, 1821)
    • Nouvel Exercice (St. Petersburg, 1821)
    • Etude. A flat (St. Petersburg, 1822)
    • Etude C major (St. Petersburg, 1822)
    • Exercise for double thirds.
    • Dances
    • Six dances: G, A, A, F, Eb, Eb (Leipzig, 1820) Quatre Dances: Eb, D, C, D (Leipzig, 1825)
  • Opere singole
    • Marche Triomphale E-flat Trio A flat (St. Petersburg, 1812)
  • Duetti
    • Air Russe Varié a Quatre Mains. A minor (Moscow, 1808)
    • Andante à Quatre Mains. c minor (St. Petersburg, 1811)
    • La Danse des Ours E-flat (St. Petersburg, 1811)
    • Grande Walse à Quatre Mains. A (St. Petersburg, 1813)
    • Rondeau à Quatre Mains. G (Bonn & Cologne, 1819)
  • Canzoni
    • 'Levommi il mio pensiero' (Petrarca) B flat. Based on Nocturne No.1. (Naples, 1825)
    • 'La Melanconia' (words by Pindemonte) F. Based on Nocturne No. 5. (Naples, 1825)

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN56796078 · ISNI (EN0000 0001 0904 5182 · SBN LO1V130616 · BAV 495/102207 · CERL cnp00584871 · LCCN (ENn50005195 · GND (DE118683578 · BNE (ESXX1506255 (data) · BNF (FRcb13893916d (data) · J9U (ENHE987007463656105171 · NDL (ENJA00960624 · CONOR.SI (SL89834339

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