Tétrafluorure de neptunium

Tétrafluorure de neptunium
Image illustrative de l’article Tétrafluorure de neptunium
__ Np4+     __ F
Structure cristalline du fluorure de neptunium(IV)
Identification
Synonymes

fluorure de neptunium(IV)

No CAS 14529-88-5
Apparence solide vert[1]
Propriétés chimiques
Formule F4NpNpF4
Masse molaire[2] 313 g/mol
F 24,28 %, Np 75,73 %,
Cristallographie
Système cristallin monoclinique[3]
Classe cristalline ou groupe d’espace C2/c (no 15) [3]
Paramètres de maille a = 1 264 pm, b = 1 070 pm, c = 836 pm, β = 126,4°[3]
Précautions
Matériau radioactif
Composé radioactif

Unités du SI et CNTP, sauf indication contraire.

Le tétrafluorure de neptunium est un composé chimique de formule NpF4. Il se présente comme un solide vert isostructurel de l'UF4[4] cristallisé dans le système monoclinique avec le groupe d'espace C2/c (no 15)[3]. Il peut être obtenu en faisant réagir de l'oxyde de neptunium(IV) NpO2 avec du fluorure d'hydrogène HF dans un flux d'oxygène O2 à 500 °C afin de prévenir la réduction du NpF4 par des traces d'hydrogène dans l'HF gazeux[3] :

NpO2 + 4 HF ⟶ NpF4 + 2 H2O.

Il est également possible de le préparer en oxydant du trifluorure de neptunium NpF3 avec un mélange d'oxygène et de fluorure d'hydrogène[5] :

4 NpF3 + O2 + 4 HF ⟶ 4 NpF4 + 2 H2O.

Le NpF4 est réduit en NpF3 par un flux d'hydrogène[3] :

2 NpF4 + H2 ⟶ 2 NpF3 + 2 HF.

Il est converti en hexafluorure de neptunium NpF6 volatil par un flux de fluor gazeux à 500 °C[6] :

NpF4 + F2NpF6.

Notes et références

  1. (de) A. F. Holleman, E. Wiberg, N. Wiberg, Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 102e éd., Walter de Gruyter, 2007, p. 1969. (ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1)
  2. Masse molaire calculée d’après « Atomic weights of the elements 2007 », sur www.chem.qmul.ac.uk.
  3. a b c d e et f (de) C. Keller, « Die Chemie des Neptuniums », Fortschritte der Chemischen Forschung, 1969/70, 13/1, p. 69, DOI 10.1007/BFb0051170.
  4. (en) Norman N. Greenwood et Alan Earnshaw, Chemistry of the Elements, 2e éd., Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997. (ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8)
  5. (de) « Neptuniumverbindungen », sur spektrum.de, (consulté le ).
  6. (en) John G. Malm, Bernard Weinstock et E. Eugene Weaver, « The Preparation and Properties of NpF5; a Comparison with PuF5 », The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 62, no 12,‎ , p. 1506-1508 (DOI 10.1021/j150570a009, lire en ligne)

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