Fluorure de chrome(II)

 

Fluorure de chrome (II)
Image illustrative de l’article Fluorure de chrome(II)
Cr2+ F
Identification
No CAS 10019-10-2
No ECHA 100.030.140
No CE 233-168-0
PubChem 66229, 24884258
SMILES
InChI
Propriétés chimiques
Formule CrF2
Masse molaire 89,992 9 g·mol-1
Propriétés physiques
fusion 894 °C
ébullition >1 300 °C
Solubilité Dans l'eau : 767 g·L-1
Thermochimie
ΔfH0solide −8,645 kJ·g

Unités du SI et CNTP, sauf indication contraire.

Le fluorure de chrome (II) est un composé inorganique de formule CrF2. Il existe sous la forme d'un solide irisé bleu-vert. Le fluorure de chrome (II) est peu soluble dans l'eau, presque insoluble dans l'alcool et soluble dans l'acide chlorhydrique bouillant, mais n'est pas attaqué par l'acide sulfurique distillé à chaud ou l'acide nitrique. Comme d'autres composés chromés, le fluorure de chrome (II) est oxydé en oxyde de chrome (III) par l'air.

Préparation et structure

Le composé est préparé en faisant passer du fluorure d’hydrogène anhydre sur du chlorure de chrome (II) anhydre. La réaction peut être réalisée à température ambiante, mais est généralement chauffée à 100-200 °C pour assurer l'achèvement[1] :

CrCl2 + 2HF → CrF2 + 2HCl

Comme de nombreux difluorures, CrF2 adopte une structure semblable à celle du rutile avec une géométrie moléculaire octaédrique autour de Cr(II) et une géométrie trigonale en F. Deux des six liaisons Cr–F ont une longueur de 2,43 Å et quatre ont une longueur d'environ 2,00 Å[2]. Cette distorsion est une conséquence de l'effet Jahn-Teller qui résulte de la configuration électronique d4 de l'ion chrome(II)[3].

Références

  1. Handbook of preparative inorganic chemistry. Volume 1, New York, N.Y., 2nd, (ISBN 978-0121266011), p. 256
  2. Jack, K. H.; Maitland, R. "Crystal structures and interatomic bonding of chromous and chromic fluorides" Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London (1957), 232. DOI 10.1039/PS9570000217
  3. (en) Norman Greenwood et Alan Earnshaw, Chemestry of the element second edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, , 1384 p. (ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8, lire en ligne), p. 1021-1022

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