Tétrafluorure de plutonium

Tétrafluorure de plutonium
Image illustrative de l’article Tétrafluorure de plutonium
__ Pu4+   __ F
Maille cristalline du tétrafluorure de plutonium.
Identification
Nom UICPA tétrafluoroplutonium
No CAS 13709-56-3
PubChem 139558
SMILES
InChI
Apparence solide cristallisé rouge brun
Propriétés chimiques
Formule F4PuPuF4
Masse molaire[1] 320 g/mol
F 23,75 %, Pu 76,27 %,
Propriétés physiques
fusion 1 037 °C
Masse volumique 7,10 g·cm-3
Précautions
Matériau radioactif
Composé radioactif

Unités du SI et CNTP, sauf indication contraire.

Le tétrafluorure de plutonium est un composé chimique de formule PuF4. Il se présente sous forme d'un solide brun rouge cristallisé, et sa circulation est réglementée dans le cadre du traité sur la non-prolifération des armes nucléaires.

On obtient du PuF4 par action du fluorure d'hydrogène HF sur du dioxyde de plutonium PuO2 ou du trifluorure de plutonium PuF3 dans un flux d'oxygène O2 à une température comprise entre 450 et 600 °C, l'oxygène étant là pour limiter la réduction du plutonium par l'hydrogène du fluorure d'hydrogène :

PuO2 + O2 + 4 HF → PuF4 + O2 + 2 H2O.
4 PuF3 + O2 + 4 HF → 4 PuF4 + 2 H2O.

L'hexafluorure de plutonium PuF6 se dissocie en PuF5 et fluor F2 sous l'effet d'un rayonnement laser de longueur d'onde inférieure à 520 nm, le pentafluorure donnant du tétrafluorure si l'on poursuit l'irradiation.

Notes et références

  1. Masse molaire calculée d’après « Atomic weights of the elements 2007 », sur www.chem.qmul.ac.uk.

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