Isotopen van zirkonium

Het chemisch element zirkonium (Zr), met een atoommassa van 91,224(2) u, bezit vier stabiele isotopen: 90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr en 94Zr, waarvan de eerste het meest abundant is (ongeveer 51%). De overige 28 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halveringstijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).

De kortstlevende isotoop van zirkonium is 110Zr, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 30 milliseconden. De langstlevende is 96Zr, met een halfwaardetijd van 20 triljoen jaar.[1] De facto kan dit nuclide eveneens als stabiel worden beschouwd, omdat de halfwaardetijd honderden miljoenen malen groter is dan de leeftijd van het universum. Op aarde is zirkonium-96 een primordiaal nuclide, hetgeen impliceert dat het reeds bestond toen de aarde gevormd werd. Het vervalt via dubbel bètaverval tot de stabiele isotoop 96Mo.[2] Theoretisch gezien zou het ook enkel bètaverval kunnen ondergaan (met een halfwaardetijd van 0,24 triljard jaar), waarbij de radio-isotoop 96Nb wordt gevormd. Dit proces is echter nog niet waargenomen.[3]

Zirkonium-93

Zirkonium-93 is de op een na stabielste radio-isotoop van het element, met een halfwaardetijd van 1,53 miljoen jaar. Het vervalt tot niobium-93m, een isotopisch isomeer van de stabiele isotoop niobium-93. Niobium-93m bezit een halfwaardetijd van veertien jaar.[4]

Zirkonium-94

De isotoop 94Zr wordt ervan verdacht via een dubbel bètaverval te vervallen tot de stabiele isotoop 94Mo. Zirkonium-94 heeft een halfwaardetijd van meer dan 110 biljard jaar en kan dus de facto als stabiel worden beschouwd.

Overzicht

Nuclide Z (p) N (n) Isotopische massa (u) Halveringstijd Radioactief verval VP Kernspin Isotopische verhouding
(molfractie)
Natuurlijk voorkomen
(molfractie)
Excitatie-energie
78Zr 40 38 77,95523(54) 50 ms 0+
79Zr 40 39 78,94916(43) 56(30) ms β+, p 78Sr 5/2+
β+ 79Y
80Zr 40 40 79,9404(16) 4,6(6) s β+ 80Y 0+
81Zr 40 41 80,93721(18) 5,5(4) s β+ (> 99,9%) 81Y (3/2)
β+, p (< 0,1%) 80Sr
82Zr 40 42 81,93109(24) 32(5) s β+ 82Y 0+
83Zr 40 43 82,92865(10) 41,6(24) s β+ (> 99,9%) 83Y (1/2)
β+, p (< 0,1%) 82Sr
84Zr 40 44 83,92325(21) 25,9(7) min β+ 84Y 0+
85Zr 40 45 84,92147(11) 7,86(4) min β+ 85Y 7/2+
85mZr 292,2(3) keV 10,9(3) s IT (92%) 85Zr (1/2)
β+ (8%) 85Y
86Zr 40 46 85,91647(3) 16,5(1) uur β+ 86Y 0+
87Zr 40 47 86,914816(9) 1,68(1) uur β+ 86Y 9/2+
87mZr 335,84(19) keV 14,0(2) s IT 87Zr 1/2
88Zr 40 48 87,910227(11) 83,4(3) dagen EV 88Y 0+
89Zr 40 49 88,908890(4) 78,41(12) uur β+ 89Y 9/2+
89mZr 587,82(10) keV 4,161(17) min IT (93,77%) 89Zr 1/2
β+ (6,23%) 89Y
90Zr 40 50 89,9047044(25) stabiel 0+ 0,5145(40)
90m1Zr 2319,000(10) keV 809,2(20) ms IT 90Zr 5
90m2Zr 3589,419(16) keV 131(4) ns 8+
91Zr 40 51 90,9056458(25) stabiel 5/2+ 0,1122(5)
91mZr 3167,3(4) keV 4,35(14) µs (21/2+)
92Zr 40 52 91,9050408(25) stabiel 0+ 0,1715(8)
93Zr 40 53 92,9064760(25) 1,53(10) × 106 jaar β 93Nb 5/2+
94Zr 40 54 93,9063152(26) stabiel 0+ 0,1738(28)
95Zr 40 55 94,9080426(26) 64,032(6) dagen β 95Nb 5/2+
96Zr 40 56 95,9082734(30) 20(4) × 1018 jaar ββ 96Mo 0+ 0,0280(9)
97Zr 40 57 96,9109531(30) 16,744(11) uur β 97mNb 1/2+
98Zr 40 58 97,912735(21) 30,7(4) s β 98Nb 0+
99Zr 40 59 98,916512(22) 2,1(1) s β 99mNb 1/2+
100Zr 40 60 99,91776(4) 7,1(4) s β 100Nb 0+
101Zr 40 61 100,92114(3) 2,3(1) s β 101Nb 3/2+
102Zr 40 62 101,92298(5) 2,9(2) s β 102Nb 0+
103Zr 40 63 102,92660(12) 1,3(1) s β 103Nb (5/2)
104Zr 40 64 103,92878(43) 1,2(3) s β 104Nb 0+
105Zr 40 65 104,93305(43) 0,6(1) s β (> 99,9%) 105Nb
β, n (< 0,1%) 104Nb
106Zr 40 66 105,93591(54) 200 ms β 106Nb 0+
107Zr 40 67 106,94075(32) 150 ms β 107Nb
108Zr 40 68 107,94396(64) 80 ms β 108Nb 0+
109Zr 40 69 108,94924(54) 60 ms
110Zr 40 70 109,95287(86) 30 ms 0+

Overzicht van isotopen per element

1 18
1 H 2 Periodiek systeem 13 14 15 16 17 He
2 Li Be De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element B C N O F Ne
3 Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
6 Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
7 Fr Ra ↓↓ Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
 
Lanthaniden La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Actiniden Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

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