Isotopen van astaat
Het chemisch element astaat (At), met een atoommassa van ongeveer 210 u , bezit geen stabiele isotopen en wordt dus geclassificeerd als radioactief element . Er zijn 32 radio-isotopen en nog zo'n 20 metastabiele toestanden. In de natuur komen sporen van de radio-isotopen 215 At, 218 At en 219 At voor.
De kortstlevende isotoop van astaat is 191 At, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 1,7 milliseconden . De langstlevende is 210 At, met een halfwaardetijd van 8,1 uur . De langstlevende in de natuur voorkomende isotoop is 219 At (56 seconden), dat optreedt in de vervalreeks van uranium-235 .
Overzicht
Nuclide
Z (p )
N (n )
Isotopische massa (u)
Halveringstijd
Radioactief verval
VP
Kernspin
Isotopische verhouding (molfractie )
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie)
Excitatie-energie
191 At
85
106
1,7 ms
(1/2+ )
191m At
2,1 ms
(7/2− )
193 At
85
108
192,99984(6)
28 ms
α
189 Bi
(1/2+ )
193m1 At
50 keV
21(5) ms
(7/2− )
193m2 At
39 keV
27 ms
(13/2+ )
194 At
85
109
193,99873(20)
± 40 ms
α
190 Bi
3+
β+ (zelden)
194 Po
194m At
480(190) keV
± 250 ms
α
190 Bi
10−
IT (zelden)
194 At
195 At
85
110
194,996268(10)
328(20) ms
α (75%)
191 Bi
(1/2+ )
β+ (25%)
195 Po
195m At
34(7) keV
147(5) ms
9/2−
196 At
85
111
195,99579(6)
253(9) ms
α (96%)
192 Bi
3+
β+ (4%)
196 Po
196m1 At
−30(80) keV
20 ms
10−
196m2 At
157,9(1) keV
11 µs
5+
197 At
85
112
196,99319(5)
0,390(16) s
α (96%)
193 Bi
(9/2− )
β+ (4%)
197 Po
197m At
52(10) keV
2,0(2) s
(1/2+ )
198 At
85
113
197,99284(5)
4,2(3) s
α (94%)
194 Bi
(3+ )
β+ (6%)
198 Po
198m At
330(90) keV
1,0(2) s
(10− )
199 At
85
114
198,99053(5)
6,92(13) s
α (89%)
195 Bi
(9/2− )
β+ (11%)
199 Po
200 At
85
115
199,990351(26)
43,2(9) s
α (57%)
196 Bi
(3+ )
β+ (43%)
200 Po
200m1 At
112,7(30) keV
47(1) s
α (43%)
196 Bi
(7+ )
IT
200 At
β+
200 Po
200m2 At
344(3) keV
3,5(2) s
(10− )
201 At
85
116
200,988417(9)
85(3) s
α (71%)
197 Bi
(9/2− )
β+ (29%)
201 Po
202 At
85
117
201,98863(3)
184(1) s
β+ (88%)
202 Po
(2, 3)+
α (12%)
198 Bi
202m1 At
190(40) keV
182(2) s
(7+ )
202m2 At
580(40) keV
460(50) ms
(10− )
203 At
85
118
202,986942(13)
7,37(13) min
β+ (69%)
203 Po
9/2−
α (31%)
199 Bi
204 At
85
119
203,987251(26)
9,2(2) min
β+ (96,2%)
204 Po
7+
α (3,8%)
200 Bi
204m At
587,30(20) keV
108(10) ms
IT
204 At
(10− )
205 At
85
120
204,986074(16)
26,2(5) min
β+ (90%)
205 Po
9/2−
α (10%)
201 Bi
205m At
2339,65(23) keV
7,76(14) µs
29/2+
206 At
85
121
205,986667(22)
30,6(13) min
β+ (99,11%)
206 Po
(5)+
α (0,89%)
202 Bi
206m At
807(3) keV
410(80) ns
10−
207 At
85
122
206,985784(23)
1,80(4) uur
β+ (91,4%)
207 Po
9/2−
α (8,6%)
203 Bi
208 At
85
123
207,986590(28)
1,63(3) uur
β+ (99,45%)
208 Po
6+
α (0,55%)
204 Bi
209 At
85
124
208,986173(8)
5,41(5) uur
β+ (95,9%)
209 Po
9/2−
α (4,1%)
205 Bi
210 At
85
125
209,987148(8)
8,1(4) uur
β+ (99,82%)
210 Po
5+
α (0,175%)
206 Bi
210m1 At
2549,6(2) keV
482(6) µs
15−
210m2 At
4027,7(2) keV
5,66(7) µs
19+
211 At
85
126
210,9874963(30)
7,214(7) uur
EV (58,2%)
211 Po
9/2−
α (41,8%)
207 Bi
212 At
85
127
211,990745(8)
0,314(2) s
α (99,97%)
208 Bi
(1− )
β+ (0,03%)
212 Po
β− (2 × 10−6 %)
212 Rn
212m1 At
223(7) keV
0,119(3) s
α (99%)
208 Bi
(9− )
IT (1%)
212 At
212m2 At
4771,6(11) keV
152(5) µs
(25− )
213 At
85
128
212,992937(5)
125(6) ns
α
209 Bi
9/2−
214 At
85
129
213,996372(5)
558(10) ns
α
210 Bi
1−
214m1 At
59(9) keV
265(30) ns
214m2 At
231(6) keV
760(15) ns
9−
215 At
85
130
214,998653(7)
0,10(2) ms
α
211 Bi
9/2−
sporen
216 At
85
131
216,002423(4)
0,30(3) ms
α (99,99%)
212 Bi
1−
β− (0,006%)
216 Rn
EV (3 × 10−7 %)
216 Po
216m At
413(5) keV
100 µs
(9− )
217 At
85
132
217,004719(5)
32,3(4) ms
α (99,98%)
213 Bi
9/2−
β− (0,012%)
217 Rn
218 At
85
133
218,008694(12)
1,5(3) s
α (99,9%)
214 Bi
1−
sporen
β− (0,1%)
218 Rn
219 At
85
134
219,011162(4)
56(3) s
α (97%)
215 Bi
5/2−
sporen
β− (3%)
219 Rn
220 At
85
135
220,01541(6)
3,71(4) min
β− (92%)
220 Rn
3−
α (8%)
216 Bi
221 At
85
136
221,01805(21)
2,3(2) min
β−
221 Rn
3/2−
222 At
85
137
222,02233(32)
54(10) s
β−
222 Rn
223 At
85
138
223,02519(43)
50(7) s
3/2−
Overzicht van isotopen per element
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
(en ) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
(en ) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties , Nuclear Physics A , 729 , pp. 3-128
(en ) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) , Pure and Applied Chemistry , 75 (6), pp. 683–800
(en ) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report) , Pure and Applied Chemistry , 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
(en ) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859