史上初の実用化された本格的な電子楽器は1897年に米国の発明家サディウス・ケイヒルが特許を取得し1906年に一般公開したテルハーモニウム、別名ダイナモフォンとされている。これは145個の改造されたダイナモにより可聴周波数帯域の交流信号を生成することを原理とし、ポリフォニック・ベロシティ・センシティブのキーボード (7オクターブ、40Hz-4kHz間で調律可能な36音/オクターブ)を備えていた。初期モデルはピアノ響板で製造されたラッパ型ホーンから、後のモデルは直結した電話回線を経由、もしくは特製アコースティック・ホーンに接続された電話受話器で音を聴いた。この方法はアンプ(増幅器)が誕生する以前に電子音を聴く唯一の方法であった。重さ200トン、長さ60フィート、総工費20万ドルと、莫大な規模であるこの「電子楽器の始祖」は20年間ニューヨーク39丁目のTelharmonicホール全体の床を占領していた。1911年、3号機にして最後に製造されたテルハーモニウムの設置場所は535 west 56th street New York Cityで1916年まで作動した。しかし、電話回線を経由して、ホテル、レストラン、劇場、一般家庭への有線音楽配信を目論んだケイヒルのビジネスは、電話回線への著しい通話干渉により頓挫した。録音は残っていないとされている (基本的な発音原理はやがてハモンドオルガン=トーンホイールへと継承された)。
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関連文献
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