徐壽輝

天完皇帝 徐壽輝
統治1351年-1360年
前任
繼任
出生1320年
元仁宗延祐七年
河南江北行省羅田縣多雲鄉上五堡
逝世1360年
天完天定二年
元惠宗至正二十年
江浙行省太平路采石
年號
治平(1351年十月—1355年十二月)

太平(1356年正月—1358年七月)
天啟(1358年八月—1359年三月)

天定(1359年四月—1360年閏五月)
谥号
應天啟運獻武皇帝明玉珍上)
庙号
世宗(明玉珍上)
政权(天完)

徐壽輝(1320年—1360年),一名真一,又作真逸贞一[1]羅田縣多雲鄉上五堡(今屬湖北)人,长江中上游红巾军领袖,建國號(一说为天完),後遭部將陳友諒殺害。

生平

徐寿辉元帅府印。

出身布販,常被元朝的官吏勒索,至正十一年(1351年)[2]八月,参加彭瑩玉鄒普勝等在蘄州(今湖北蘄春南)的起事,以“彌勒佛下生”等口號發動群眾,以紅巾為號,稱紅巾軍

十月,红巾军攻克蘄水(今湖北浠水),據此建國,徐壽輝被拥举为帝,國號,年號治平。以鄒普勝太師倪文俊為領軍元帥,置統軍元帥府、中書省樞密院、中央六部,有丁普郎楊普雄項普略況普天歐普祥陳普文趙普勝傅友德等悍將。

至正十三年(1353年)底,元廷圍剿徐壽輝,蘄水失陷,彭瑩玉戰死[3],徐壽輝等避入黃梅山及沔陽湖中,後重新取得江西湖南。至正十六年(1356年)正月,遷都漢陽(今武漢漢陽)。

此時徐壽輝受丞相倪文俊架空,早已虛有帝名。至正十七年(1357年)九月,倪文俊謀殺徐壽輝未成,逃奔黃州(今湖北黃岡市黄州区),陳友諒乘機襲殺倪文俊,連克江西福建諸地,實權轉歸陳友諒。

徐壽輝聽聞江西首府龍興府(今江西南昌)已經被攻陷,希望遷都龍興府,以龍興為根據地。陳友諒害怕徐壽輝在江南威脅到自己,不同意徐壽輝南遷,徐壽輝不得已而止。不久,徐壽輝仍打算遷都龍興府,陳友諒再遣使制止,徐壽輝不聽,並從漢陽引兵出發,遷都龍興府。十二月,徐壽輝部到達江州,陳友諒假意迎合,待壽輝部入城後伏發,殺盡部將,惟存徐壽輝一人。於是,陳友諒自稱漢王,挾持徐壽輝遷都江州(今九江)。

至正二十年(1360年),陳友諒挾持徐壽輝進攻太平路。閏五月三日戊午,陳友諒邀請徐壽輝至太平路采石(今安徽馬鞍山)附近五通神廟拜神,命死士刺殺徐壽輝,以鐵撾擊碎徐壽輝首級。隨後陳友諒自立為帝,國號,年號大義

至正二十一年(1361年)十月,明玉珍在重慶即位,追谥应天启运献武皇帝庙号世宗

注釋

  1. ^ 《元史》顺帝纪五
  2. ^ 明夏睿陵《玄宫之碑》作庚寅岁,即至正十年(1350年)。徐寿辉举事、称帝、建元治平皆系于此年。
  3. ^ 另有一说,彭瑩玉在杭州戰死。见《毛泽东读书笔记解析:彭和尚的下落(读吴晗<朱元璋传>)》

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:新元史/卷226》,出自柯劭忞新元史

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