Орманды тау белдеуі

Орманды тау

Орманды тау белдеуі – орманы басым өскен биіктік табиғи белдеу. Орманды тау белдеунің биіктігі таудың қай ендікте жатуына байланысты анықталады; оңтүстіктегі ыстық белдеуден солтүстікке қарай биіктігі біртіндеп төмендейді, экваторлық ендікте 3500 – 4000 м, субэкваторда 3000 м, тропиктерде 2500 м биіктікте. Қоңыржай белдеудегі биік тауға тән ерекшелік – жауын-шашын мол түседі, жазы салқын, қыста қар жамылғысы қалың болады.

Орманды тау белдеуне Қазақстан аумағындағы Алтайдың оңтүстік, Жетісу (Жоңғар), Іле Алатауының биіктік белдеулері жатады. Бұл аймақтарға түсетін жауын-шашынның жылдық орташа мөлшері 500 – 800 мм. Қаңтардағы ауаның жылдық орташа температурасы – 11 – 160С, шілдеде 200С-тан (биіктеген сайын) 70С-қа дейін төмендейді. Іле Алатауының 900 – 1400 м беткейінде жабайы алма, өрік, қайың орманы; 1400 – 2800 м биіктікте Тянь-Шань шыршасынан тұратын қылқан жапырақты орман өседі. Жетісу (Жоңғар) Алатауының оңтүстік беткейіндегі 1200 – 2400 м биіктікте, солтүстік беткейіндегі 800 – 1400 м биіктікте алма, көктерек орманы, 2400 – 3200 м биіктікте Тянь-Шань шыршасы мен майқарағай аралас өседі. Алтай тау жүйесінің 70%-ын тау орманы алып жатыр. 1700 – 2000 м биіктікте жалпақ жапырақты орман, 2200 – 2500 м биіктікте қылқан жапырақты орман (май қарағай, қарағай, самырсын, оңтүстігінде балқарағай) өседі. Мұндағы өсімдік түрлері таудың беткей экспозициясына, топырағына байланысты. [1]

Дереккөздер

  1. ↑ Қазақ энциклопедиясы VII том

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