Leymah Gbowee

Leymah Gbowee
Henkilötiedot
Syntynyt1. helmikuuta 1972 (ikä 52)
Liberia
Ammatti rauhanaktivisti
Muut tiedot
Tunnustukset Nobelin rauhanpalkinto Nobelin rauhanpalkinto (2011)

Leymah Roberta Gbowee (s. 1. helmikuuta 1972 Liberia) on liberialainen rauhanaktivisti, joka sai 2011 Nobelin rauhanpalkinnon Ellen Johnson Sirleafin ja Tawakkul Karmanin kanssa.

Gbowee oli 17-vuotias, kun Liberian sisällissota syttyi pääkaupungissa Monroviassa. Hänestä tuli sodan aikana traumaterapeutti ja teki paljon töitä Charles Taylorin joukossa taistelleiden lapsisotilaiden kanssa.[1] Gbowee muodosti kymmenien naisten kanssa 2002 ryhmän, jonka tavoitteena oli lopettaa sota. Gboween järjestämä Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace aloitti kokoontumalla Monrovian toreilla laulaen ja rukoillen. Naisten määrä kasvoi liikkeessä pian, ja presidentti Taylor lupautui tapaamaan heidät ja lupasi heille rauhanneuvotteluiden aloittamisen. Gboween ryhmä seurasi neuvotteluita Ghanassa, mutta viikkojen tuloksettomien neuvotteluiden jälkeen naiset muodostivat piirin sen rakennuksen ympärillä, jossa neuvotteluita käytiin.[2] Lopulta he onnistuivat painostamaan sodan osapuolet rauhaan.[1]

Gboween ryhmittymä jatkoi työtä myös Taylorin jälkeen valtaan nousseen väliaikaishallituksen kaudella. Hän onnistui organisoimaan Liberian kristityt ja musliminuskoiset naiset yhteiseen kampanjaan Ellen Johnson-Sirleafin valitsemiseksi presidentiksi. Johnson-Sirlieaf valittiinkin 2005 Afrikan ensimmäiseksi naispresidentiksi. Samana vuonna Gboween valmistui maisteriksi Eastern Mennonite Universitystä konfliktirakenteista ja rauhanrakentamisesta. Gboween oli perustamassa 2006 Thelma Ekiyorin ja Ecoma Alagan kanssa Women Peace and Security Network Africaa, jonka tukikohdaksi tuli Ghanan Accra.[2]

Gbowee on saanut työstään useita palkintoja. Hän sai 2009 Profile in Courage Awardin,[1] ja 2011 hänelle myönnettiin Nobelin rauhanpalkinto.[3] Syksyllä 2012 Gbowee erosi Liberian rauhaa ja uudistamista painottavan Peace and Reconciliation Commissionin puheenjohtajan tehtävistä ja kritisoi Johnson-Sirlieafin hallintoa nepotismista sekä riittämättömästä köyhyyden vastaisesta taistelusta.[4]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c Pray the Devil Back to Hell 19.6.2009. Public Affairs Television. Viitattu 7.10.2011. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ a b Seltzer, Sarah: Leymah Gbowee, Mobilizer of Peace WeNews. 24.12.2007. Women's eNews Inc. Viitattu 7.10.2011. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ Lahtinen, Sole: Nobelin rauhanpalkinto kolmelle naiselle HS.fi. 7.10.2011. Helsinki: Sanoma company. Arkistoitu 8.10.2011. Viitattu 7.10.2011. (englanniksi)
  4. ↑ Allison, Simon: Fellow Nobel peace prize winner criticises Ellen Johnson Sirleaf World News. 10.10.2012. The Guardian. Viitattu 5.12.2019. (englanniksi)


Nobelin rauhanpalkinnon saajat
1901–19251901: Dunant, Passy

1902: Ducommun, Gobat 1903: Cremer 1904: Kansainvälisen oikeuden instituutti 1905: Suttner 1906: Roosevelt 1907: Moneta, Renault 1908: Arnoldson, Bajer 1909: Beernaert, Paul Balluet d’Estournelles de Constant 1910: Kansainvälinen Rauhantoimisto 1911: Asser, Fried 1912: Root 1913: La Fontaine 1917: Punainen Risti 1919: Wilson 1920: Bourgeois 1921: Branting, Lange 1922: Nansen

1925: Chamberlain, Dawes
1926–19501926: Briand, Stresemann

1927: Buisson, Quidde 1929: Kellogg 1930: Söderblom 1931: Addams, Butler 1933: Angell 1934: Henderson 1935: Ossietzky 1936: Lamas 1937: Cecil 1938: Nansenin kansainvälinen pakolaistoimisto 1944: Punainen Risti 1945: Hull 1946: Balch, Mott 1947: Kveekarit

1949: Boyd Orr
1951–19751950: Bunche

1951: Jouhaux 1952: Schweitzer 1953: Marshall 1954: Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien pakolaisjärjestö 1957: Pearson 1958: Pire 1959: Noel‑Baker 1960: Lutuli 1961: Hammarskjöld 1962: Pauling 1963: Punainen Risti 1964: King 1965: Unicef 1968: Cassin 1969: Kansainvälinen työjärjestö 1970: Borlaug 1971: Brandt 1973: Kissinger, Lê 1974: MacBride, Satō

1975: Saharov
1976–20001976: B. Williams, Corrigan

1977: Amnesty International 1978: Sadat, Begin 1979: Äiti Teresa 1980: Esquivel 1981: YK:n pakolaisapujärjestö 1982: Myrdal, García Robles 1983: Wałęsa 1984: Tutu 1985: Lääkärit ydinsotaa vastaan 1986: Wiesel 1987: Arias 1988: YK:n Rauhanturvaajat 1989: Dalai Lama 1990: Gorbatšov 1991: Suu Kyi 1992: Menchú 1993: Mandela, de Klerk 1994: Arafat, Peres, Rabin 1995: Pugwash-liike, Rotblat 1996: Belo, Ramos Horta 1997: Kampanja maamiinojen kieltämiseksi (ICBL), J. Williams 1998: Hume, Trimble 1999: Lääkärit ilman rajoja

2000: Kim
2001–2001: YK, Annan

2002: Carter 2003: Ebadi 2004: Maathai 2005: IAEA, ElBaradei 2006: Yunus, Grameen Bank 2007: Gore, IPCC 2008: Ahtisaari 2009: Obama 2010: Liu 2011: Gbowee, Johnson Sirleaf, Karman 2012: EU 2013: Kemiallisten aseiden kieltojärjestö 2014: Satyarthi, Yousafzai 2015: Tunisian kansallisen vuoropuhelun kvartetti 2016: Juan Manuel Santos 2017: International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons 2018: Murad, Mukwege 2019: Abiy 2020: Maailman ruokaohjelma 2021: Ressa, Muratov 2022: Bjaljatski, Memorial, Center for Civil Liberties 2023: Mohammadi

2024: Nihon Hidankyō

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